选区激光熔化所用IN738合金粉末的特性与成形性
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摘要
全面表征了气雾化技术制备的IN738合金粉末的物理性能,并分析了该合金粉末粒度分布、颗粒表面粗糙度及粉末和选区激光熔化(SLM)成形件表面形貌和内部组织情况。结果表明,大部分IN738合金粉末呈球形或类球形,粒度呈正态分布,粉末粒径值d_(10)为14.96μm,d_(50)为28.72μm,d_(90)为52.85μm,50g粉末在流动性测试仪上流过的时间为23.4s。粉末对激光的吸收率随粉末中颗粒粒径和表面粗糙度的增大而增大;SLM所成形件表面熔道搭接较好,致密度达99.3%。
The physical properties of IN738 alloy powder prepared by the gas atomization technology are fully characterized.The particle size distributions,particle surface roughness,surface morphologies and internal structures of the powder and the selective laser melting(SLM)formed parts are analyzed.The results show that most of the IN738 alloy powder is spherical or spheroidal.The particle size distribution is normal with the powder particle sizes d_(10) of 14.96μm,d_(50) of 28.72μm,and d_(90) of 52.85μm.The time used for 50 g powder flowing through a fluidity tester is 23.4 s.The laser absorptivity of powder increases as particle size and surface roughness increase.The surface of the SLM formed part is well lapped and the density reaches 99.3%.
The physical properties of IN738 alloy powder prepared by the gas atomization technology are fully characterized.The particle size distributions,particle surface roughness,surface morphologies and internal structures of the powder and the selective laser melting(SLM)formed parts are analyzed.The results show that most of the IN738 alloy powder is spherical or spheroidal.The particle size distribution is normal with the powder particle sizes d_(10) of 14.96μm,d_(50) of 28.72μm,and d_(90) of 52.85μm.The time used for 50 g powder flowing through a fluidity tester is 23.4 s.The laser absorptivity of powder increases as particle size and surface roughness increase.The surface of the SLM formed part is well lapped and the density reaches 99.3%.
引文
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[2] Yang Y Q,Chen J,Song C H,et al.Current status and progress on technology of selective laser melting of metal parts[J]. Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2018,55(1):011401.杨永强,陈杰,宋长辉,等.金属零件激光选区熔化技术的现状及进展[J].激光与光电子学进展,2018,55(1):011401.
[3] Tran H C,Lo Y L.Heat transfer simulations of selective laser melting process based on volumetric heat source with powder size consideration[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2018,255:411-425.
[4] Olakanmi E O,Cochrane R F,Dalgarno K W.A review on selective laser sintering/melting(SLS/SLM)of aluminium alloy powders:Processing,microstructure,and properties[J]. Progress in Materials Science,2015,74:401-477.
[5] Danis Y, Arvieu C, Lacoste E,et al. An investigationonthermal, metallurgicaland mechanical states in weld cracking of Inconel 738LC superalloy[J].Materials&Design,2010,31(1):402-416.
[6] Kunze K,Etter T,Gr¨asslin J,et al.Texture,anisotropyinmicrostructureandmechanical properties of IN738LC alloy processed by selective laser melting(SLM)[J]. Materials Science and Engineering:A,2015,620:213-222.
[7] Wang D,Qian Z Y,Dou W H,et al.Research progress on selective laser melting of nickel based superalloy[J]. AeronauticalManufacturing Technology,2018,61(10):49-60,67.王迪,钱泽宇,窦文豪,等.激光选区熔化成形高温镍基合金研究进展[J].航空制造技术,2018,61(10):49-60,67.
[8] Choi J P,Shin G H,Yang S S,et al.Densification and microstructural investigation of Inconel 718parts fabricated by selective laser melting[J].Powder Technology,2017,310:60-66.
[9] Powders M, Flowmeter H, Spectrometry F.Standard guide for characterizing properties of metal powders used for additive manufacturing processes[S].ASTM International:F3049-14.
[10] Spierings A B,Herres N,Levy G.Influence of the particle size distribution on surface quality and mechanical properties in AM steel parts[J].Rapid Prototyping Journal,2011,17(3):195-202.
[11] Engeli R,Etter T,Hovel S,et al.Processability of different IN738LC powder batches by selective laser melting[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2016,229:484-491.
[12] Engeli R,Etter T,Geiger F,et al.Effect of Si on the SLM processability of IN738LC[C]∥Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX,USA.[S.l.:s.n.].2015:823.
[13] Rickenbacher L,Etter T,Hovel S,et al.High temperaturematerialpropertiesofIN738LC processed by selective laser melting(SLM)technology[J].Rapid Prototyping Journal,2013,19(4):282-290.
[14] Cheng Y W,Guan H J,Li B,et al.Characteristics and applications of metal powders for 3Dprinting[J].Materials Review,2017,31(29):98-101.程玉婉,关航健,李博,等.金属3D打印技术及其专用粉末特征与应用[J].材料导报,2017,31(29):98-101.
[15] Yang Q Y,Wu Y D,Sha F,et al.Characteristic of Inconel 625 alloy powders used in selective laser melting[J].China Powder Science and Technology,2016,22(3):27-32.杨启云,吴玉道,沙菲,等.选区激光熔化用Inconel625合金粉末的特性[J].中国粉体技术,2016,22(3):27-32.
[16] Fang P J,Xu Y,Li X G,et al.Influence of atomizing gas and cooling rate on solidification characterization of nickel-based superalloy powders[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2018,47(2):423-430.
[17] Metz R,Machado C,Houabes M,et al.Nitrogen spray atomization of molten tin metal:Powder morphology characteristics[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2007,189(1/2/3):132-137.
[18] Nguyen Q B, Nai M L S,Zhu Z G,et al.Characteristics of Inconel powders for powder-bed additive manufacturing[J].Engineering,2017,3(5):695-700.
[19] Su P F,Liu Z M,Guo Y,et al.Microstructure and solidification defect of René104nickel-base superalloy powder atomized by argon gas atomization[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2018,49(1):64-71.苏鹏飞,刘祖铭,郭旸,等.氩气雾化René104镍基高温合金粉末的显微组织和凝固缺陷[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2018,49(1):64-71.
[20] Bergstrom D,Powell J,Kaplan A F H.A raytracing analysis of the absorption of light by smooth and rough metal surfaces[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2007,101(11):113504.
[21] Chen J.Research on absorptivity of laser during laser heat treatments[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University of Technology,2008:21-28.陈君.激光热处理过程中材料的激光吸收率研究[D].杭州:浙江工业大学,2008:21-28.
[22] Zu D L.Electrodynamics[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2006:1-12.俎栋林.电动力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006:1-12.
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[24] Peng R Y,Luo L,Liu Y,et al.Research progress in coaxial powder feeding nozzles[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2017,54(8):080004.彭如意,罗岚,刘勇,等.同轴送粉器喷嘴研究进展[J].激光与光电子学进展,2017,54(8):080004.
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