中国平板玻璃行业大气污染物排放特征研究
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摘要
基于中国2013～2015年27个省(区、市)平板玻璃企业的逐生产线基础信息、活动水平及污染物控制技术等数据,建立了平板玻璃主要大气污染物SO_2、NO_x排放量计算方法和排放清单,使用蒙特卡洛法进行了不确定性分析.统计了平板玻璃产量、燃料使用量、燃料结构以及污染物控制技术,分析了排放特征与空间差异.结果表明:中国平板玻璃行业以天然气/煤气为主要燃料,平均单位产品能源消耗量为13.2kg标煤/重量箱,山西、内蒙古等省份较高;37%和42%的生产线分别安装了脱硫、脱硝设施,技术以烟气循环流化床、双碱法、SCR为主;SO_2排放量先升后降,2014年达到16.84万t,2015年下降至13.67万t,湖北、浙江、河北、广东排放量较大;NO_x排放量持续下降,从2013年的37.47万t下降至2015年的28.38万t,河北、湖北、山东、广东排放量较大;SO_2排放强度西南部地区高于其他地区,且有上升趋势,其他地区SO_2排放强度整体下降;NO_x排放强度中西部地区较高.应加强高能耗、高排放以及高强度地区的污染控制力度.
Based on the data of the basic production-line information, activity level and pollutant control technologies of the flat-glass enterprises of 27 provinces in 2013～2015, the calculation methods and emission inventories of SO_2 and NO_x emissions for the main atmospheric pollutants of the flat-glass industry are established with the analysis of the production, the energy consumption, the energy structure, pollutant control technology, the emission characteristics and spatial difference. Monte Carlo method is used for the uncertainty analysis of the inventories. The results show that Chinese flat glass industry uses natural gas/coal gas as the main energy, the average energy consumption per unit of product is 13.2 kg tce/weight box, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia and other provinces are higher; 37% and 42% of the flat-glass production line is installed with denitrification facilities and desulfurization facilities, the main technologies are flue gas circulating fluidized bed, Dual-Alkali Method and SCR. SO_2 emissions rose first and then dropped, reached 168 thousand tons in 2014, and dropped to 136 thousand tons in 2015, the emission of Hubei, Zhejiang, Hebei and Guangdong were relatively large. NO_x emissions decreased continuously, from 374 thousand tons in 2013 to 284 thousand tons in 2015, the emission of Hebei, Hubei, Shandong and Guangdong were relatively large. The SO_2 emission intensity in the southwest region is higher than other areas, and it has a rising trend, and the SO_2 emission intensity in other areas decreased as a whole. The NO_x emission intensity in the southwest region is higher than other areas. Efforts should be made to strengthen pollutant control in areas with high energy consumption, high emission and high intensity.
Based on the data of the basic production-line information, activity level and pollutant control technologies of the flat-glass enterprises of 27 provinces in 2013～2015, the calculation methods and emission inventories of SO_2 and NO_x emissions for the main atmospheric pollutants of the flat-glass industry are established with the analysis of the production, the energy consumption, the energy structure, pollutant control technology, the emission characteristics and spatial difference. Monte Carlo method is used for the uncertainty analysis of the inventories. The results show that Chinese flat glass industry uses natural gas/coal gas as the main energy, the average energy consumption per unit of product is 13.2 kg tce/weight box, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia and other provinces are higher; 37% and 42% of the flat-glass production line is installed with denitrification facilities and desulfurization facilities, the main technologies are flue gas circulating fluidized bed, Dual-Alkali Method and SCR. SO_2 emissions rose first and then dropped, reached 168 thousand tons in 2014, and dropped to 136 thousand tons in 2015, the emission of Hubei, Zhejiang, Hebei and Guangdong were relatively large. NO_x emissions decreased continuously, from 374 thousand tons in 2013 to 284 thousand tons in 2015, the emission of Hebei, Hubei, Shandong and Guangdong were relatively large. The SO_2 emission intensity in the southwest region is higher than other areas, and it has a rising trend, and the SO_2 emission intensity in other areas decreased as a whole. The NO_x emission intensity in the southwest region is higher than other areas. Efforts should be made to strengthen pollutant control in areas with high energy consumption, high emission and high intensity.
引文
[1]生态环境部.污染源源强核算技术指南平板玻璃制造(征求意见稿)编制说明[EB/OL].北京:生态环境部,2018. http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/sthjbgw/stbgth/201806/t20180601_442259.htm
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[8]GB21340-2013平板玻璃单位产品能源消耗限额[S].
[9]GB26453-2016平板玻璃工业大气污染物排放标准[S].
[10]生态环境部.关于征求《钢铁烧结、球团工业大气污染物排放标准》等20项国家污染物排放标准修改单(征求意见稿)意见的函[EB/OL].北京:生态环境部,2018.http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgth/201706/t20170615_416108.htm.
[2]徐俊,王东歌.玻璃熔窑烟气深度减排技术对策研究[J].环境科技, 2017,30(4):42-45.
[3]孙海鹏,李哲,孙凯.玻璃窑炉烟气治理技术探析[J].中国环保产业, 2017,(4):33-35.
[4]茆令文,陆少锋.平板玻璃行业现状及污染治理[C].中国硅酸盐学会环境保护分会换届暨学术报告会会议资料, 2014.
[5]陈文娟,聂祚仁,王志宏.中国平板玻璃生命周期清单与特征化[J].中国建材科技, 2006,(3):54-58.
[6]姚猛,韦保仁.中国平板玻璃需求量及能源消耗和污染物排放量预测[J].建材发展导向, 2007,6:23-26.
[7]“十二五”主要污染物总量减排核算细则[R].北京:生态环境部,2011.
[8]GB21340-2013平板玻璃单位产品能源消耗限额[S].
[9]GB26453-2016平板玻璃工业大气污染物排放标准[S].
[10]生态环境部.关于征求《钢铁烧结、球团工业大气污染物排放标准》等20项国家污染物排放标准修改单(征求意见稿)意见的函[EB/OL].北京:生态环境部,2018.http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgth/201706/t20170615_416108.htm.