基于目标考核的设区市碳排放核算方法研究
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摘要
为更科学地核算设区市碳排放数据,增强控制温室气体排放目标责任考核的指导意义,针对地方现有数据统计基础和获取渠道,建议设区市考核的碳排放量指化石燃料燃烧过程产生的排放量,由燃煤、燃油和燃气排放量以及电力消费隐含排放量组成,分别通过消费量乘以排放因子计算。该研究对消费量和电力消费隐含排放量核算方法进行完善。煤炭消费量,建议根据规模以上工业煤炭的化石燃料消费量核算。油品消费量,原油、石油焦、炼厂干气、其他石油制品、燃料油建议与煤炭的核算方法相同,汽油、柴油和煤油建议采用"规模以上工业企业消费量-其中运输工具消费量+加油站(点、船)销售量"口径,液化石油气建议根据地区液化石油气公司的销售量核算。天然气消费量,建议按照"城市燃气公司销售量+中石油、中石化大用户直供量+中石油、中石化加气站销售量"口径核算。电力消费隐含排放量,建议按照"全社会用电量+直报省电力公司大电厂厂用电量-全口径发电量"口径计算本地区净输入(输出)电力,排放因子采用江苏电网平均排放因子。
In order to more scientifically calculate the carbon emission data of cities, and enhance the guiding significance of the assessment on the responsibility of controlling greenhouse gas emissions, based on the existing statistical basis of local data and the acquisition channels, this paper proposes that the carbon emission of cities refers to the emissions generated in the combustion process of fossil fuels, which is composed of the emissions of coal, fuel and gas, and the implied emissions of power consumption, respectively calculated by multiplying the consumption by the emission factor. In this study, the consumption and power consumption implicit emissions accounting methods were improved. Coal consumption is suggested to calculate according to fossil fuel consumption of industrial coal above designated size. Oil consumption, crude oil, petroleum coke, refinery dry gas, and other petroleum products and fuel oil are recommended to use the same accounting method as coal; Gasoline, diesel and kerosene are recommended to adopt the caliber of "consumption of industrial enterprises above designated size-consumption of means of transport + sales of gas stations(points, ships)"; Liquefied petroleum gas is recommended to be accounted for based on the sales of the regional LPG company. For natural gas consumption, it is suggested to calculate according to "sales of urban gas companies + direct supply of key client of Petrochina and Sinopec + sales of filling stations of Petrochina and Sinopec". For electricity consumption implied emissions, it is suggested that, in accordance with the "total social consumption + directly submitted to the provincial power company of large power plant power consumption-full-caliber power generation" diameter calculation net input(output) of electricity consumption in this region, the emission factor adopts the average emission factor of Jiangsu power grid.
In order to more scientifically calculate the carbon emission data of cities, and enhance the guiding significance of the assessment on the responsibility of controlling greenhouse gas emissions, based on the existing statistical basis of local data and the acquisition channels, this paper proposes that the carbon emission of cities refers to the emissions generated in the combustion process of fossil fuels, which is composed of the emissions of coal, fuel and gas, and the implied emissions of power consumption, respectively calculated by multiplying the consumption by the emission factor. In this study, the consumption and power consumption implicit emissions accounting methods were improved. Coal consumption is suggested to calculate according to fossil fuel consumption of industrial coal above designated size. Oil consumption, crude oil, petroleum coke, refinery dry gas, and other petroleum products and fuel oil are recommended to use the same accounting method as coal; Gasoline, diesel and kerosene are recommended to adopt the caliber of "consumption of industrial enterprises above designated size-consumption of means of transport + sales of gas stations(points, ships)"; Liquefied petroleum gas is recommended to be accounted for based on the sales of the regional LPG company. For natural gas consumption, it is suggested to calculate according to "sales of urban gas companies + direct supply of key client of Petrochina and Sinopec + sales of filling stations of Petrochina and Sinopec". For electricity consumption implied emissions, it is suggested that, in accordance with the "total social consumption + directly submitted to the provincial power company of large power plant power consumption-full-caliber power generation" diameter calculation net input(output) of electricity consumption in this region, the emission factor adopts the average emission factor of Jiangsu power grid.
引文
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[ 2 ] 国家统计局,江苏省能源局.能源统计报表制度[EB/OL].http://tj.jiangsu.gov.cn/.
[ 3 ] 丛建辉,朱婧,陈楠,等.中国城市能源消费碳排放核算方法比较及案例分析——基于“排放因子”与“活动水平数据”选取的视角[J].城市问题,2014(03):5-11.
[ 4 ] 郝千婷,黄明祥,包刚.碳排放核算方法概述与比较研究[J].中国环境管理,2011(4):51-55.
[ 5 ] 国家统计局能源统计司.中国能源统计年鉴2013[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2013.
[ 6 ] 江苏省统计局,国家统计局江苏调查总队.江苏统计年鉴2011[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2011.
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