黔西比德——三塘盆地多层叠置独立含煤层气系统发育规律与控制机理
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摘要
在多煤层含煤地层中,往往形成垂向上叠置发育的多个独立含煤层气系统,严重影响了多煤层合排效果。以黔西比德—三塘盆地为对象,运用含气量梯度和压力系数的变异系数定量表征独立含气系统的发育程度,揭示其平面分布规律,并从构造、沉积、水文等3个方面综合分析其地质控制因素。研究认为:研究区周缘主干断裂以及由此形成的三角形构造控制了区内应力应变特点和聚煤作用,由西缘断裂带向盆地内部应力应变逐渐减弱,煤层厚度和稳定性逐渐增加,泥岩顶板渐趋发育;沉积相带呈NE向展布,并随着海水作用的增强,由西向东沉积特征发生规律性变化,砂泥比降低,沉积旋回渐趋发育,并易于形成黄铁矿、高岭石等成岩矿物充填孔隙;地下水总体由NW向SE方向径流,流动过程中渗流阻力增大,滞留程度增加。在构造、沉积、水文的耦合控制之下,独立含气系统由盆地NW向SE方向渐趋发育。依此进行了叠置含气系统发育程度分区,勘探开发实践在一定程度上佐证了分区的客观性。
A number of independent coalbed methane(CBM)systems are often superimposed in coal-bearing strata with multiple coal seams,and severely impede the multi-layer commingled CBM production rate.So we take Bide-Santang Basin,western Guizhou as examples,variable coefficient of gas content gradient and water head pressure coefficient are used to represent development degree of independent CBM systems quantitatively,and the geological controlling factors and mechanism are analyzed from perspectives of structure,sedimentary and hydrogeology,respectively.Following conclusions are obtained:the marginal faults and the resulted triangle structure framework control the stress-strain characteristics and coal accumulation of the study area.From western marginal fault zone to basin internal part,the ground stress and strain weaken,coal thickness and stability increase and mudstone roof is more developed.Sedimentary facies distribute in NE direction,with the sea influence increasingly enhanced,the deposited characteristics of coal-bearing strata change regularly from west to east in the basin:The sand/mud ratio reduces,sedimentary cycles occur at higher frequency,and authigenic minerals,such as pyrite and kaolinite,tend to be more developed and fill the pores.Groundwater flows from NW to SE,with the increasing flowing resistance,resulting in weak hydrodynamic conditions and groundwater stagnation in the SE direction.Under the coupling controls of structure,sedimentary and hydrogeology conditions,the independent CBM systems are increasingly developed from NW to SE in the basin.The study area is partitioned into four subareas with different development degrees of superposed CBM systems,which are verified by the CBM exploration and development practice,to a certain extent.
A number of independent coalbed methane(CBM)systems are often superimposed in coal-bearing strata with multiple coal seams,and severely impede the multi-layer commingled CBM production rate.So we take Bide-Santang Basin,western Guizhou as examples,variable coefficient of gas content gradient and water head pressure coefficient are used to represent development degree of independent CBM systems quantitatively,and the geological controlling factors and mechanism are analyzed from perspectives of structure,sedimentary and hydrogeology,respectively.Following conclusions are obtained:the marginal faults and the resulted triangle structure framework control the stress-strain characteristics and coal accumulation of the study area.From western marginal fault zone to basin internal part,the ground stress and strain weaken,coal thickness and stability increase and mudstone roof is more developed.Sedimentary facies distribute in NE direction,with the sea influence increasingly enhanced,the deposited characteristics of coal-bearing strata change regularly from west to east in the basin:The sand/mud ratio reduces,sedimentary cycles occur at higher frequency,and authigenic minerals,such as pyrite and kaolinite,tend to be more developed and fill the pores.Groundwater flows from NW to SE,with the increasing flowing resistance,resulting in weak hydrodynamic conditions and groundwater stagnation in the SE direction.Under the coupling controls of structure,sedimentary and hydrogeology conditions,the independent CBM systems are increasingly developed from NW to SE in the basin.The study area is partitioned into four subareas with different development degrees of superposed CBM systems,which are verified by the CBM exploration and development practice,to a certain extent.
引文
[1]Zhang Yanqing,Tang Shuheng.Research on coal reservoir pressure of some mine areas in north China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2001,22(2):165-168.[张延庆,唐书恒.华北部分矿区煤储层压力研究[J].地球学报,2001,22(2):165-168.]
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[3]Wang Wanhong,Zheng Yuzhu.Combination of gas-producing layers of CBM wells in Wubu mining area[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2012,40(5):31-33.[汪万红,郑玉柱.陕西省吴堡矿区煤层气井产层组合研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2012,40(5):31-33.]
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[5]Qin Yong,Shen Jian,Shen Yulin,et al.Exploration Potential and Development Feasibility of Coalbed Methane,Shale Gas and Tight Sandstone Gas in Coalserieson the Northeast Margin of Ordos Basin[R].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2015.[秦勇,申建,沈玉林,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘煤系“三气”勘探潜力与开发可行性[R].徐州:中国矿业大学,2015.]
[6]Shen Yulin,Qin Yong,Guo Yinghai,et al.Sedimentary controlling factor of unattached multiple superimposed coalbed methane system formation[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2012,37(3):573-579.[沈玉林,秦勇,郭英海,等.“多层叠置独立含煤层气系统”形成的沉积控制因素[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2012,37(3):573-579.]
[7]Yang Zhaobiao,Qin Yong,Chen Shiyue,et al.Controlling mechanism and vertical distribution characteristics of reservoir energy of multi-coalbeds[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2013,87(1):139-144.[杨兆彪,秦勇,陈世悦,等.多煤层储层能量垂向分布特征及控制机理[J].地质学报,2013,87(1):139-144.]
[8]Guo Chen.Independent superposed CBM-bearing systems vertical distribution and coal reservoir adsorption&seepage characteristics in Bide-santang Basin,western Guizhou[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(1):168-179.[郭晨.黔西比德-三塘盆地独立叠置含煤层气系统垂向分布与煤储层吸附-渗流特征[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(1):168-179.]
[9]Qin Yong,Shen Jian,Shen Yulin.Joint mining compatibility of superposed gas-bearing systems:A general geological problem for extraction of three natural gases and deep CBM in coal series[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(1):14-23.[秦勇,申建,沈玉林.叠置含气系统共采兼容性-煤系“三气”及深部煤层气开采中的共性地质问题[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(1):14-23.]
[10]Fu Xuehai,Ge Yanyan,Liang Wenqing,et al.Pressure control and fluid effect of progressive drainage of multiple superposed CBM systems[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(11):35-39.[傅雪海,葛燕燕,梁文庆,等.多层叠置含煤层气系统递进排采的压力控制及流体效应[J].天然气工业,2013,33(11):35-39.]
[11]Guo Chen,Qin Yong,Yi Tongsheng,et al.Groundwater dynamic conditions and orderly coalbed methane development of feitian block in western Guizhou,South China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(1):115-123.[郭晨,秦勇,易同生,等.黔西肥田区块地下水动力条件与煤层气有序开发[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(1):115-123.]
[12]Li Xin,Fu Xuehai,Li Gang.Discussion of progressive drainage and separated reservoirs drainage of multiple CBM well in west Guizhou[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(2):22-26.[李鑫,傅雪海,李刚.黔西多煤层气井递进排采与分隔排采工艺探讨[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(2):22-26.]
[13]Qin Yong,Gao Di,Wu Caifang,et al.Coalbed Methane Resources Potential Prediction and Evaluation of Guizhou Province[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2012:12-18.[秦勇,高弟,吴财芳,等.贵州省煤层气资源潜力预测与评价[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2012:12-18.]
[14]Wang Panpan.Prediction of Coal Reservoir Permeability Based on Coal-body Structure in Zhina Coalfield[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2013:43-47.[王盼盼.织纳煤田煤体结构与煤层渗透性预测[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2013:43-47.]
[15]Tang Xiangui,Wu Yarong.Coal Resources Potential Evaluation of Guizhou Province[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2011:102-112.[唐显贵,吴亚荣.贵州省煤炭资源潜力评价[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2011:102-112.]
[16]Fu Xuehai,Qin Yong,Wang Wenfeng,et al.Hydrogeological controlled properties of coalbed gas in central-southern Qinshui Basin[J].Coal Geology of China,2001,13(1):31-34.[傅雪海,秦勇,王文峰,等.沁水盆地中-南部水文地质控气特征[J].中国煤炭地质,2001,13(1):31-34.]
[17]Ye Jianping.Study on Hydrologic Control Mechanism and E-valuation to Coalbed Methane Productivity[D].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology,2002:78-88.[叶建平.水文地质条件对煤层气产能的控制机理与预测评价研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2002:78-88.]
[18]Tang Shuheng,Ma Caixia,Yuan Huanzhang.Hydrogeological condition of Permo Carboniferous system coal reservoir in north China[J].Nutral Gas Industry,2003,23(1):32-35.[唐书恒,马彩霞,袁焕章.华北地区石炭二叠系煤储层水文地质条件[J].天然气工业,2003,23(1):32-35.]
[19]Yi Tongsheng.Occurrence of coalbed gas in Guizhou[J].Guizhou Geology,1997,14(4):346-348.[易同生.贵州省煤层气赋存特征[J].贵州地质,1997,14(4):346-348.]
[20]Gao Di,Qin Yong,Yi Tongsheng.Geological condition,exploration and exploitation strategy of coalbed methane resources in Guizhou,China[J].Coal Geology of China,2009,21(3):20-23.[高弟,秦勇,易同生.论贵州煤层气地质特点与勘探开发战略[J].中国煤炭地质,2009,21(3):20-23.]
[21]Yang Zhaobiao.Coalbed Methane Reservoiring Process Under Condition of Multi-coalbeds Overlay[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2011:20-35.[杨兆彪.多煤层叠置条件下的煤层气成藏作用[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2011:20-35.]
[22]Xu Hongjie,Sang Shuxun,Yi Tongsheng,et al.Control mechanism of buried depth and in-situ stress for coal reservoir permeability in western Guizhou[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2014,39(11):1507-1516.[徐宏杰,桑树勋,易同生,等.黔西地区煤层埋深与地应力对其渗透性控制机制[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2014,39(11):1507-1516.]
[23]Guo Chen.Multi-layer Superposed CBM System and Drainage Model Optimization:in the Case of the Upper Permian BideSantang Basin[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2015.[郭晨.多层叠置含煤层气系统及其开发模式优化---以黔西比德-三塘盆地上二叠统为例[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2015.]
[2]Ye Jianping,Wu Qiang,Ye Guijun,et al.Study on the coalbed methane reservoir-forming dynamic mechanism in the southern Qinshui Basin,Shanxi[J].Geological Review,2002,48(3):319-323.[叶建平,武强,叶贵钧,等.沁水盆地南部煤层气成藏动力学机制研究[J].地质论评,2002,48(3):319-323.]
[3]Wang Wanhong,Zheng Yuzhu.Combination of gas-producing layers of CBM wells in Wubu mining area[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2012,40(5):31-33.[汪万红,郑玉柱.陕西省吴堡矿区煤层气井产层组合研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2012,40(5):31-33.]
[4]Qin Yong,Xiong Menghui,Yi Tongsheng,et al.On unattached multiple superposed CBM-bearing system:in a case of Shuigonghe syncline,Zhina coalfield,Guizhou[J].Geological Review,2008,54(1):65-70.[秦勇,熊孟辉,易同生,等.论多层叠置独立含煤层气系统---以贵州织金-纳雍煤田水公河向斜为例[J].地质论评,2008,54(1):65-70.]
[5]Qin Yong,Shen Jian,Shen Yulin,et al.Exploration Potential and Development Feasibility of Coalbed Methane,Shale Gas and Tight Sandstone Gas in Coalserieson the Northeast Margin of Ordos Basin[R].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2015.[秦勇,申建,沈玉林,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘煤系“三气”勘探潜力与开发可行性[R].徐州:中国矿业大学,2015.]
[6]Shen Yulin,Qin Yong,Guo Yinghai,et al.Sedimentary controlling factor of unattached multiple superimposed coalbed methane system formation[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2012,37(3):573-579.[沈玉林,秦勇,郭英海,等.“多层叠置独立含煤层气系统”形成的沉积控制因素[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2012,37(3):573-579.]
[7]Yang Zhaobiao,Qin Yong,Chen Shiyue,et al.Controlling mechanism and vertical distribution characteristics of reservoir energy of multi-coalbeds[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2013,87(1):139-144.[杨兆彪,秦勇,陈世悦,等.多煤层储层能量垂向分布特征及控制机理[J].地质学报,2013,87(1):139-144.]
[8]Guo Chen.Independent superposed CBM-bearing systems vertical distribution and coal reservoir adsorption&seepage characteristics in Bide-santang Basin,western Guizhou[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(1):168-179.[郭晨.黔西比德-三塘盆地独立叠置含煤层气系统垂向分布与煤储层吸附-渗流特征[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(1):168-179.]
[9]Qin Yong,Shen Jian,Shen Yulin.Joint mining compatibility of superposed gas-bearing systems:A general geological problem for extraction of three natural gases and deep CBM in coal series[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(1):14-23.[秦勇,申建,沈玉林.叠置含气系统共采兼容性-煤系“三气”及深部煤层气开采中的共性地质问题[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(1):14-23.]
[10]Fu Xuehai,Ge Yanyan,Liang Wenqing,et al.Pressure control and fluid effect of progressive drainage of multiple superposed CBM systems[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(11):35-39.[傅雪海,葛燕燕,梁文庆,等.多层叠置含煤层气系统递进排采的压力控制及流体效应[J].天然气工业,2013,33(11):35-39.]
[11]Guo Chen,Qin Yong,Yi Tongsheng,et al.Groundwater dynamic conditions and orderly coalbed methane development of feitian block in western Guizhou,South China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(1):115-123.[郭晨,秦勇,易同生,等.黔西肥田区块地下水动力条件与煤层气有序开发[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(1):115-123.]
[12]Li Xin,Fu Xuehai,Li Gang.Discussion of progressive drainage and separated reservoirs drainage of multiple CBM well in west Guizhou[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(2):22-26.[李鑫,傅雪海,李刚.黔西多煤层气井递进排采与分隔排采工艺探讨[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(2):22-26.]
[13]Qin Yong,Gao Di,Wu Caifang,et al.Coalbed Methane Resources Potential Prediction and Evaluation of Guizhou Province[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2012:12-18.[秦勇,高弟,吴财芳,等.贵州省煤层气资源潜力预测与评价[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2012:12-18.]
[14]Wang Panpan.Prediction of Coal Reservoir Permeability Based on Coal-body Structure in Zhina Coalfield[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2013:43-47.[王盼盼.织纳煤田煤体结构与煤层渗透性预测[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2013:43-47.]
[15]Tang Xiangui,Wu Yarong.Coal Resources Potential Evaluation of Guizhou Province[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2011:102-112.[唐显贵,吴亚荣.贵州省煤炭资源潜力评价[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2011:102-112.]
[16]Fu Xuehai,Qin Yong,Wang Wenfeng,et al.Hydrogeological controlled properties of coalbed gas in central-southern Qinshui Basin[J].Coal Geology of China,2001,13(1):31-34.[傅雪海,秦勇,王文峰,等.沁水盆地中-南部水文地质控气特征[J].中国煤炭地质,2001,13(1):31-34.]
[17]Ye Jianping.Study on Hydrologic Control Mechanism and E-valuation to Coalbed Methane Productivity[D].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology,2002:78-88.[叶建平.水文地质条件对煤层气产能的控制机理与预测评价研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2002:78-88.]
[18]Tang Shuheng,Ma Caixia,Yuan Huanzhang.Hydrogeological condition of Permo Carboniferous system coal reservoir in north China[J].Nutral Gas Industry,2003,23(1):32-35.[唐书恒,马彩霞,袁焕章.华北地区石炭二叠系煤储层水文地质条件[J].天然气工业,2003,23(1):32-35.]
[19]Yi Tongsheng.Occurrence of coalbed gas in Guizhou[J].Guizhou Geology,1997,14(4):346-348.[易同生.贵州省煤层气赋存特征[J].贵州地质,1997,14(4):346-348.]
[20]Gao Di,Qin Yong,Yi Tongsheng.Geological condition,exploration and exploitation strategy of coalbed methane resources in Guizhou,China[J].Coal Geology of China,2009,21(3):20-23.[高弟,秦勇,易同生.论贵州煤层气地质特点与勘探开发战略[J].中国煤炭地质,2009,21(3):20-23.]
[21]Yang Zhaobiao.Coalbed Methane Reservoiring Process Under Condition of Multi-coalbeds Overlay[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2011:20-35.[杨兆彪.多煤层叠置条件下的煤层气成藏作用[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2011:20-35.]
[22]Xu Hongjie,Sang Shuxun,Yi Tongsheng,et al.Control mechanism of buried depth and in-situ stress for coal reservoir permeability in western Guizhou[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2014,39(11):1507-1516.[徐宏杰,桑树勋,易同生,等.黔西地区煤层埋深与地应力对其渗透性控制机制[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2014,39(11):1507-1516.]
[23]Guo Chen.Multi-layer Superposed CBM System and Drainage Model Optimization:in the Case of the Upper Permian BideSantang Basin[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2015.[郭晨.多层叠置含煤层气系统及其开发模式优化---以黔西比德-三塘盆地上二叠统为例[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2015.]