金刚石基燃料电池催化剂的研究进展
|
摘要
金刚石是由共价键方式连接的sp~3杂化碳原子组成,具有极强的稳定性。含硼金刚石(BDD)薄膜、BDD颗粒、非掺杂纳米金刚石(ND)等新型金刚石又兼具一定的导电性,因此成为高稳定性燃料电池催化剂的理想载体材料。研究者进一步发现通过对上述新型金刚石进行适当功能化处理,可以进一步提高催化剂的催化活性和稳定性。对金刚石进行掺杂处理,既包括向金刚石晶格中掺杂,也包括向金刚石衍生的石墨结构中进行掺杂,能够得到新型高稳定性燃料电池非铂催化剂,且金刚石sp~3结构在提高非铂催化剂稳定性方面作用独特。本文总结介绍了相关研究成果,希望能为后续研究提供参考借鉴。
Attributed to highly stable structure of sp~3 hybridized carbon atoms, diamond has excellent physical and chemical stabilities. As new conductive diamond materials, boron-doped diamond(BDD) films and particles, as well as undoped nanodiamond(ND) has become the ideal support of the high stability electrocatalysts for fuel cells. Futher investigation showed that the activity and stability of electrocatalysts could be futher improved if the new diamond materials were properly processed. The doping treatment, including doping into diamond and the graphite structure from conversion of diamond, was used to produce diamond-based non-Pt electrocatalysts for fuel cells. It was considered that the sp~3 structure of diamond played a unique role in enhancing the stability of diamond-based non-Pt electrocatalysts. In this paper, related studies of diamond-based electrocatalysts were summarized for the references of future study.
Attributed to highly stable structure of sp~3 hybridized carbon atoms, diamond has excellent physical and chemical stabilities. As new conductive diamond materials, boron-doped diamond(BDD) films and particles, as well as undoped nanodiamond(ND) has become the ideal support of the high stability electrocatalysts for fuel cells. Futher investigation showed that the activity and stability of electrocatalysts could be futher improved if the new diamond materials were properly processed. The doping treatment, including doping into diamond and the graphite structure from conversion of diamond, was used to produce diamond-based non-Pt electrocatalysts for fuel cells. It was considered that the sp~3 structure of diamond played a unique role in enhancing the stability of diamond-based non-Pt electrocatalysts. In this paper, related studies of diamond-based electrocatalysts were summarized for the references of future study.
引文
[1]黄镇江,刘凤君.燃料电池及其应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2005:5–14.
[2]SHARAF O Z,ORHAN M F.An overview of fuel cell technology:fundamentals and applications.Renew.Sust.Energ.Rev.,2014,32:810–853.
[3]O'HAYRE R,CHA S W,PRINZ F B,et al.Fuel Cell Fundamentals.The second edition.New York:John Wiley&Sons,2016:3–23.
[4]ARICO A,SRINIVASAN S,ANTONUCCI V.DMFCs:From fundamental aspects to technology development.Fuel cells,2001,1(2):133–161.
[5]MCNICOL B,RAND D,WILLIAMS K.Direct methanol–air fuel cells for road transportation.J.Power Sources,1999,83(1):15–31.
[6]YU X,YE S.Recent advances in activity and durability enhancement of Pt/C catalytic cathode in PEMFC.J.Power Sources,2007,172(1):133–144.
[7]KANGASNIEMI K H,CONDIT D,JARVI T.Characterization of vulcan electrochemically oxidized under simulated pem fuel cell conditions.J.Electrochem.Soc.,2004,151(4):E125–E132.
[8]REISER C A,BREGOLI L,PATTERSON T W,et al.A reversecurrent decay mechanism for fuel cells.Electrochem.Solid-State Lett.,2005,8(6):A273–A276.
[9]LIU M,CHEN W.Green synthesis of silver nanoclusters supported on carbon nanodots:enhanced photoluminescence and high catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction.Nanoscale,2013,5(24):12558–12564.
[10]SHAO Y,YIN G,GAO Y,et al.Durability study of Pt?C and Pt?CNTs catalysts under simulated pem fuel cell conditions.J.Electrochem.Soc.,2006,153(6):A1093–A1097.
[11]LIU M,LU Y,CHEN W.Pd Ag nanorings supported on graphene nanosheets:highly methanol‐tolerant cathode electrocatalyst for alkaline fuel cells.Adv.Funct.Mater.,2013,23(10):1289–1296.
[12]LIU M,ZHANG R,CHEN W.Graphene-supported nanoelectrocatalysts for fuel cells:synthesis,properties,and applications.Chem.Rev.,2014,114(10):5117–5160.
[13]LU Y,JIANG Y,WU H,et al.Nano-Pt Pd cubes on graphene exhibit enhanced activity and durability in methanol electrooxidation after Co stripping–cleaning.J.Phys.Chem.C,2013,117(6):2926–2938.
[14]LU Y,JIANG Y,CHEN W.Graphene nanosheet-tailored ptpd concave nanocubes with enhanced electrocatalytic activity and durability for methanol oxidation.Nanoscale,2014,6(6):3309–3315.
[15]ZHANG R,CHEN W.Non-Precious Ir-V bimetallic nanoclusters assembled on reduced graphene nanosheets as catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction.J.Mater.Chem.A,2013,1(37):11457–11464.
[16]ZHANG R,HE S,LU Y,et al.Fe,Co,N-functionalized carbon nanotubes in situ grown on 3d porous N-doped carbon foams as a noble metal-free catalyst for oxygen reduction.J.Mater.Chem.A,2015,3(7):3559–3567.
[17]LIU M,HE S,CHEN W.Free-standing 3D hierarchical carbon foam-supported Pt Co nanowires with“Pt Skin”as advanced electrocatalysts.Electrochim.Acta,2016,199:218–226.
[18]方啸虎.超硬材料科学与技术.北京:中国建材工业出版社,1998:17–21.
[19]AVGOUROPOULOS G,IOANNIDES T.CO Tolerance of Pt and Rh catalysts:effect of co in the gas-phase oxidation of H2 over Pt and Rh supported catalysts.Appl.Catal.B-Environ.,2005,56(1):77–86.
[20]GARC A G,SILVA-CHONG J,GUILL N-VILLAFUERTE O,et al.CO tolerant catalysts for PEM fuel cells:spectroelectrochemical studies.Catal.Today,2006,116(3):415–421.
[21]FERREIRA P,SHAO-HORN Y,MORGAN D,et al.Instability of Pt?C electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells a mechanistic investigation.J.Electrochem.Soc.,2005,152(11):A2256–A2271.
[22]KOH S,YU C,MANI P,et al.Activity of ordered and disordered pt-co alloy phases for the electroreduction of oxygen in catalysts with multiple coexisting phases.J.Power Sources,2007,172(1):50–56.
[23]BAR-ON I,KIRCHAIN R,ROTH R.Technical cost analysis for pem fuel cells.J.Power Sources,2002,109(1):71–75.
[24]GONG K,DU F,XIA Z,et al.Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube arrays with high electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction.Science,2009,323(5915):760–764.
[25]QU L,LIU Y,BAEK J B,et al.Nitrogen-doped graphene as efficient metal-free electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction in fuel cells.ACS Nano,2010,4(3):1321–1326.
[26]KRAMM U I,LEF VRE M,LAROUCHE N,et al.Correlations between mass activity and physicochemical properties of fe/n/c catalysts for the ORR in PEM fuel cell via 57Fe m??bauer spectroscopy and other techniques.J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2013,136(3):978–985.
[27]SWAIN G M.The Susceptibility to surface corrosion in acidic fluoride media:a comparison of diamond,hopg,and glassy carbon electrodes.J.Electrochem.Soc.,1994,141(12):3382–3393.
[28]GAO F,YANG N,SMIRNOV W,et al.Size-controllable and homogeneous platinum nanoparticles on diamond using wet chemically assisted electrodeposition.Electrochim.Acta,2013,90:445–451.
[29]LU X,HU J,FOORD J S,et al.Electrochemical deposition of Pt–Ru on diamond electrodes for the electrooxidation of methanol.J.Electroanal.Chem.,2011,654(1):38–43.
[30]MAVROKEFALOS C K,NELSON G W,POLL C G,et al.Electrochemical aspects of Pt–Cu and Cu modified boron-doped diamond.Phys.Status Solidi A,2015,212(11):2559–2567.
[31]SIN G,FOTI G,COMNINELLIS C.Boron-doped diamond(bdd)-supported pt/sn nanoparticles synthesized in microemulsion systems as electrocatalysts of ethanol oxidation.J.Electroanal.Chem.,2006,595(2):115–124.
[32]SALAZAR-BANDA G R,SUFFREDINI H B,AVACA L A,et al.methanol and ethanol electro-oxidation on Pt-Sn O2 and Pt-Ta2O5Sol-Gel-modified boron-doped diamond surfaces.Mater.Chem.Phys.,2009,117(2):434–442.
[33]WANG J,SWAIN G,TACHIBANA T,et al.The incorporation of Pt nanoparticles into boron-doped diamond thin-films:dimensionally stable catalytic electrodes.J.New Mat.Electr.Sys,2000,3(1):75–82.
[34]LYU X,HU J,FOORD J S,et al.A novel electroless method to prepare a platinum electrocatalyst on diamond for fuel cell applications.J.Power Sources,2013,242:631–637.
[35]GONZALEZ-GONZALEZ I,TRYK D,CABRERA C R.Polycrystalline boron-doped diamond films as supports for methanol oxidation electrocatalysts.Diam.Relat.Mater.,2006,15(2):275–278.
[36]EL ROUSTOM B,SINE G,FOTI G,et al.A novel method for the preparation of bi-metallic(Pt-Au)nanoparticles on boron doped diamond(BDD)substrate:application to the oxygen reduction reaction.J.Appl.Electrochem.,2007,37(11):1227–1236.
[37]SP?TARU T,PREDA L,OSICEANU P,et al.Electrochemical deposition of Pt–Ru OxNh2O composites on conductive diamond and its application to methanol oxidation in acidic media.Electrocatalysis,2016,7(2):140–148.
[38]SALAZAR-BANDA G R,EGUILUZ K I,AVACA L A.Boron-doped diamond powder as catalyst support for fuel cell applications.Electrochem.Commun.,2007,9(1):59–64.
[39]SP?TARU N,ZHANG X,SP?TARU T,et al.Platinum electrodeposition on conductive diamond powder and its application to methanol oxidation in acidic media.J.Electrochem.Soc.,2008,155(3):B264–B269.
[40]LA-TORRE-RIVEROS L,ABEL-TATIS E,M NDEZ-TORRES A E,et al.Synthesis of platinum and platinum–ruthenium-modified diamond nanoparticles.J.Nanopart.Res.,2011,13(7):2997–3009.
[41]KIM J,CHUN Y S,LEE S K,et al.Improved electrode durability using a boron-doped diamond catalyst support for proton exchange membrane fuel cells.RSC Advances,2015,5(2):1103–1108.
[42]CELORRIO V,PLANA D,FL REZ-MONTA O J,et al.Methanol oxidation at diamond-supported Pt nanoparticles:effect of the diamond surface termination.J.Phys.Chem.C,2013,117(42):21735–21742.
[43]WANG J,SWAIN G M.Fabrication and evaluation of platinum/diamond composite electrodes for electrocatalysis preliminary studies of the oxygen-reduction reaction.J.Electrochem.Soc.,2003,150(1):E24–E32.
[44]ZANG J,WANG Y,ZHAO S,et al.Electrochemical properties of nanodiamond powder electrodes.Diam.Relat.Mater.,2007,16(1):16–20.
[45]BIAN L,WANG Y,ZANG J,et al.Microwave synthesis and characterization of pt nanoparticles supported on undoped nanodiamond for methanol electrooxidation.Int.J.Hydrogen.Energ,2012,37(2):1220–1225.
[46]LU R,ZANG J,WANG Y,et al.Microwave synthesis and properties of nanodiamond supported ptru electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation.Electrochim.Acta,2012,60:329–333.
[47]ZANG J,WANG Y,BIAN L,et al.Graphene growth on nanodiamond as a support for a Pt electrocatalyst in methanol electro-oxidation.Carbon,2012,50(8):3032–3038.
[48]ZHAO Y,WANG Y,CHENG X,et al.Platinum nanoparticles supported on epitaxial Ti C/nanodiamond as an electrocatalyst with enhanced durability for fuel cells.Carbon,2014,67:409–416.
[49]ZHAO Y,WANG Y,DONG L,et al.Core-shell structural nanodiamond@tin supported pt nanoparticles as a highly efficient and stable electrocatalyst for direct methanol fuel cells.Electrochim.Acta,2014,148:8–14.
[50]ZHAO Y,WANG Y,ZANG J,et al.A novel support of nano titania modified graphitized nanodiamond for Pt electrocatalyst in direct methanol fuel cell.Int.J.Hydrogen.Energy,2015,40(13):4540–4547.
[51]DONG L,ZANG J,WANG Y,et al.Graphitized nanodiamond as highly efficient support of electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction.J.Electrochem.Soc.,2014,161(3):F185–F191.
[52]LIU Y,CHEN S,QUAN X,et al.Tuning the electrochemical properties of a boron and nitrogen codoped nanodiamond rod array to achieve high performance for both electro-oxidation and electro-reduction.J.Mater.Chem.A,2013,1(46):14706–14712.
[53]GAN P,FOORD J S,COMPTON R G.Surface modification of boron-doped diamond with microcrystalline copper phthalocyanine:oxygen reduction catalysis.Chemistry Open,2015,4(5):606–612.
[54]KOH J,PARK S H,CHUNG M W,et al.Diamond@carbon-onion hybrid nanostructure as a highly promising electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction.RSC Advances,2016,6(33):27528–27534.
[55]DONG L,ZANG J,SU J,et al.Nanodiamond/nitrogen-doped graphene(core/shell)as an effective and stable metal-free electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction.Electrochim.Acta,2015,174:1017–1022.
[56]LIU X,WANG Y,DONG L,et al.One-step synthesis of shell/core structural boron and nitrogen co-doped graphitic carbon/nanodiamond as efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media.Electrochim.Acta,2016,194:161–167.
[57]WU Y,ZANG J,DONG L,et al.High performance and bifunctional cobalt-embedded nitrogen doped carbon/nanodiamond electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions in alkaline media.J.Power Sources,2016,305:64–71.
[58]ZHU Y,LIN Y,ZHANG B,et al.Nitrogen-doped annealed nanodiamonds with varied Sp2/Sp3 ratio as metal‐free electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction.Chem Cat Chem,2015,7(18):2840–2845.
[59]JANG D M,IM H S,BACK S H,et al.Laser-induced graphitization of colloidal nanodiamonds for excellent oxygen reduction reaction.Phys.Chem.Chem.Phys.,2014,16(6):2411–2416.
[2]SHARAF O Z,ORHAN M F.An overview of fuel cell technology:fundamentals and applications.Renew.Sust.Energ.Rev.,2014,32:810–853.
[3]O'HAYRE R,CHA S W,PRINZ F B,et al.Fuel Cell Fundamentals.The second edition.New York:John Wiley&Sons,2016:3–23.
[4]ARICO A,SRINIVASAN S,ANTONUCCI V.DMFCs:From fundamental aspects to technology development.Fuel cells,2001,1(2):133–161.
[5]MCNICOL B,RAND D,WILLIAMS K.Direct methanol–air fuel cells for road transportation.J.Power Sources,1999,83(1):15–31.
[6]YU X,YE S.Recent advances in activity and durability enhancement of Pt/C catalytic cathode in PEMFC.J.Power Sources,2007,172(1):133–144.
[7]KANGASNIEMI K H,CONDIT D,JARVI T.Characterization of vulcan electrochemically oxidized under simulated pem fuel cell conditions.J.Electrochem.Soc.,2004,151(4):E125–E132.
[8]REISER C A,BREGOLI L,PATTERSON T W,et al.A reversecurrent decay mechanism for fuel cells.Electrochem.Solid-State Lett.,2005,8(6):A273–A276.
[9]LIU M,CHEN W.Green synthesis of silver nanoclusters supported on carbon nanodots:enhanced photoluminescence and high catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction.Nanoscale,2013,5(24):12558–12564.
[10]SHAO Y,YIN G,GAO Y,et al.Durability study of Pt?C and Pt?CNTs catalysts under simulated pem fuel cell conditions.J.Electrochem.Soc.,2006,153(6):A1093–A1097.
[11]LIU M,LU Y,CHEN W.Pd Ag nanorings supported on graphene nanosheets:highly methanol‐tolerant cathode electrocatalyst for alkaline fuel cells.Adv.Funct.Mater.,2013,23(10):1289–1296.
[12]LIU M,ZHANG R,CHEN W.Graphene-supported nanoelectrocatalysts for fuel cells:synthesis,properties,and applications.Chem.Rev.,2014,114(10):5117–5160.
[13]LU Y,JIANG Y,WU H,et al.Nano-Pt Pd cubes on graphene exhibit enhanced activity and durability in methanol electrooxidation after Co stripping–cleaning.J.Phys.Chem.C,2013,117(6):2926–2938.
[14]LU Y,JIANG Y,CHEN W.Graphene nanosheet-tailored ptpd concave nanocubes with enhanced electrocatalytic activity and durability for methanol oxidation.Nanoscale,2014,6(6):3309–3315.
[15]ZHANG R,CHEN W.Non-Precious Ir-V bimetallic nanoclusters assembled on reduced graphene nanosheets as catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction.J.Mater.Chem.A,2013,1(37):11457–11464.
[16]ZHANG R,HE S,LU Y,et al.Fe,Co,N-functionalized carbon nanotubes in situ grown on 3d porous N-doped carbon foams as a noble metal-free catalyst for oxygen reduction.J.Mater.Chem.A,2015,3(7):3559–3567.
[17]LIU M,HE S,CHEN W.Free-standing 3D hierarchical carbon foam-supported Pt Co nanowires with“Pt Skin”as advanced electrocatalysts.Electrochim.Acta,2016,199:218–226.
[18]方啸虎.超硬材料科学与技术.北京:中国建材工业出版社,1998:17–21.
[19]AVGOUROPOULOS G,IOANNIDES T.CO Tolerance of Pt and Rh catalysts:effect of co in the gas-phase oxidation of H2 over Pt and Rh supported catalysts.Appl.Catal.B-Environ.,2005,56(1):77–86.
[20]GARC A G,SILVA-CHONG J,GUILL N-VILLAFUERTE O,et al.CO tolerant catalysts for PEM fuel cells:spectroelectrochemical studies.Catal.Today,2006,116(3):415–421.
[21]FERREIRA P,SHAO-HORN Y,MORGAN D,et al.Instability of Pt?C electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells a mechanistic investigation.J.Electrochem.Soc.,2005,152(11):A2256–A2271.
[22]KOH S,YU C,MANI P,et al.Activity of ordered and disordered pt-co alloy phases for the electroreduction of oxygen in catalysts with multiple coexisting phases.J.Power Sources,2007,172(1):50–56.
[23]BAR-ON I,KIRCHAIN R,ROTH R.Technical cost analysis for pem fuel cells.J.Power Sources,2002,109(1):71–75.
[24]GONG K,DU F,XIA Z,et al.Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube arrays with high electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction.Science,2009,323(5915):760–764.
[25]QU L,LIU Y,BAEK J B,et al.Nitrogen-doped graphene as efficient metal-free electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction in fuel cells.ACS Nano,2010,4(3):1321–1326.
[26]KRAMM U I,LEF VRE M,LAROUCHE N,et al.Correlations between mass activity and physicochemical properties of fe/n/c catalysts for the ORR in PEM fuel cell via 57Fe m??bauer spectroscopy and other techniques.J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2013,136(3):978–985.
[27]SWAIN G M.The Susceptibility to surface corrosion in acidic fluoride media:a comparison of diamond,hopg,and glassy carbon electrodes.J.Electrochem.Soc.,1994,141(12):3382–3393.
[28]GAO F,YANG N,SMIRNOV W,et al.Size-controllable and homogeneous platinum nanoparticles on diamond using wet chemically assisted electrodeposition.Electrochim.Acta,2013,90:445–451.
[29]LU X,HU J,FOORD J S,et al.Electrochemical deposition of Pt–Ru on diamond electrodes for the electrooxidation of methanol.J.Electroanal.Chem.,2011,654(1):38–43.
[30]MAVROKEFALOS C K,NELSON G W,POLL C G,et al.Electrochemical aspects of Pt–Cu and Cu modified boron-doped diamond.Phys.Status Solidi A,2015,212(11):2559–2567.
[31]SIN G,FOTI G,COMNINELLIS C.Boron-doped diamond(bdd)-supported pt/sn nanoparticles synthesized in microemulsion systems as electrocatalysts of ethanol oxidation.J.Electroanal.Chem.,2006,595(2):115–124.
[32]SALAZAR-BANDA G R,SUFFREDINI H B,AVACA L A,et al.methanol and ethanol electro-oxidation on Pt-Sn O2 and Pt-Ta2O5Sol-Gel-modified boron-doped diamond surfaces.Mater.Chem.Phys.,2009,117(2):434–442.
[33]WANG J,SWAIN G,TACHIBANA T,et al.The incorporation of Pt nanoparticles into boron-doped diamond thin-films:dimensionally stable catalytic electrodes.J.New Mat.Electr.Sys,2000,3(1):75–82.
[34]LYU X,HU J,FOORD J S,et al.A novel electroless method to prepare a platinum electrocatalyst on diamond for fuel cell applications.J.Power Sources,2013,242:631–637.
[35]GONZALEZ-GONZALEZ I,TRYK D,CABRERA C R.Polycrystalline boron-doped diamond films as supports for methanol oxidation electrocatalysts.Diam.Relat.Mater.,2006,15(2):275–278.
[36]EL ROUSTOM B,SINE G,FOTI G,et al.A novel method for the preparation of bi-metallic(Pt-Au)nanoparticles on boron doped diamond(BDD)substrate:application to the oxygen reduction reaction.J.Appl.Electrochem.,2007,37(11):1227–1236.
[37]SP?TARU T,PREDA L,OSICEANU P,et al.Electrochemical deposition of Pt–Ru OxNh2O composites on conductive diamond and its application to methanol oxidation in acidic media.Electrocatalysis,2016,7(2):140–148.
[38]SALAZAR-BANDA G R,EGUILUZ K I,AVACA L A.Boron-doped diamond powder as catalyst support for fuel cell applications.Electrochem.Commun.,2007,9(1):59–64.
[39]SP?TARU N,ZHANG X,SP?TARU T,et al.Platinum electrodeposition on conductive diamond powder and its application to methanol oxidation in acidic media.J.Electrochem.Soc.,2008,155(3):B264–B269.
[40]LA-TORRE-RIVEROS L,ABEL-TATIS E,M NDEZ-TORRES A E,et al.Synthesis of platinum and platinum–ruthenium-modified diamond nanoparticles.J.Nanopart.Res.,2011,13(7):2997–3009.
[41]KIM J,CHUN Y S,LEE S K,et al.Improved electrode durability using a boron-doped diamond catalyst support for proton exchange membrane fuel cells.RSC Advances,2015,5(2):1103–1108.
[42]CELORRIO V,PLANA D,FL REZ-MONTA O J,et al.Methanol oxidation at diamond-supported Pt nanoparticles:effect of the diamond surface termination.J.Phys.Chem.C,2013,117(42):21735–21742.
[43]WANG J,SWAIN G M.Fabrication and evaluation of platinum/diamond composite electrodes for electrocatalysis preliminary studies of the oxygen-reduction reaction.J.Electrochem.Soc.,2003,150(1):E24–E32.
[44]ZANG J,WANG Y,ZHAO S,et al.Electrochemical properties of nanodiamond powder electrodes.Diam.Relat.Mater.,2007,16(1):16–20.
[45]BIAN L,WANG Y,ZANG J,et al.Microwave synthesis and characterization of pt nanoparticles supported on undoped nanodiamond for methanol electrooxidation.Int.J.Hydrogen.Energ,2012,37(2):1220–1225.
[46]LU R,ZANG J,WANG Y,et al.Microwave synthesis and properties of nanodiamond supported ptru electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation.Electrochim.Acta,2012,60:329–333.
[47]ZANG J,WANG Y,BIAN L,et al.Graphene growth on nanodiamond as a support for a Pt electrocatalyst in methanol electro-oxidation.Carbon,2012,50(8):3032–3038.
[48]ZHAO Y,WANG Y,CHENG X,et al.Platinum nanoparticles supported on epitaxial Ti C/nanodiamond as an electrocatalyst with enhanced durability for fuel cells.Carbon,2014,67:409–416.
[49]ZHAO Y,WANG Y,DONG L,et al.Core-shell structural nanodiamond@tin supported pt nanoparticles as a highly efficient and stable electrocatalyst for direct methanol fuel cells.Electrochim.Acta,2014,148:8–14.
[50]ZHAO Y,WANG Y,ZANG J,et al.A novel support of nano titania modified graphitized nanodiamond for Pt electrocatalyst in direct methanol fuel cell.Int.J.Hydrogen.Energy,2015,40(13):4540–4547.
[51]DONG L,ZANG J,WANG Y,et al.Graphitized nanodiamond as highly efficient support of electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction.J.Electrochem.Soc.,2014,161(3):F185–F191.
[52]LIU Y,CHEN S,QUAN X,et al.Tuning the electrochemical properties of a boron and nitrogen codoped nanodiamond rod array to achieve high performance for both electro-oxidation and electro-reduction.J.Mater.Chem.A,2013,1(46):14706–14712.
[53]GAN P,FOORD J S,COMPTON R G.Surface modification of boron-doped diamond with microcrystalline copper phthalocyanine:oxygen reduction catalysis.Chemistry Open,2015,4(5):606–612.
[54]KOH J,PARK S H,CHUNG M W,et al.Diamond@carbon-onion hybrid nanostructure as a highly promising electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction.RSC Advances,2016,6(33):27528–27534.
[55]DONG L,ZANG J,SU J,et al.Nanodiamond/nitrogen-doped graphene(core/shell)as an effective and stable metal-free electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction.Electrochim.Acta,2015,174:1017–1022.
[56]LIU X,WANG Y,DONG L,et al.One-step synthesis of shell/core structural boron and nitrogen co-doped graphitic carbon/nanodiamond as efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media.Electrochim.Acta,2016,194:161–167.
[57]WU Y,ZANG J,DONG L,et al.High performance and bifunctional cobalt-embedded nitrogen doped carbon/nanodiamond electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions in alkaline media.J.Power Sources,2016,305:64–71.
[58]ZHU Y,LIN Y,ZHANG B,et al.Nitrogen-doped annealed nanodiamonds with varied Sp2/Sp3 ratio as metal‐free electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction.Chem Cat Chem,2015,7(18):2840–2845.
[59]JANG D M,IM H S,BACK S H,et al.Laser-induced graphitization of colloidal nanodiamonds for excellent oxygen reduction reaction.Phys.Chem.Chem.Phys.,2014,16(6):2411–2416.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |