隆头鱼科分类学研究进展
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摘要
隆头鱼科是体形最为分化、体色最为多变的一个类群,其所包含的种类数位居海洋鱼类第2位。尽管经历了260多年的分类研究,隆头鱼科在分类单元和物种鉴定方面仍存在许多争论和疑问。回顾了隆头鱼科分类学发展史,总结了系统发育学的研究成果,描述了隆头鱼科关键分类特征和基础生物学,概述了几个分类较为复杂的主要属的研究进展,根据分子系统发育,推测几个主要属为复系群,是颌骨摄食功能进化导致种间显著遗传分化的结果。同时,参考1750—2017年期间的文献资料,考证和修订了中国隆头鱼的同物异名和错误命名,厘定中国隆头鱼科有38属150种,并提出我国需要广泛深入的开展隆头鱼科物种的普查和鉴定研究工作及利用分子生物学技术开展隆头鱼亲缘地理学的研究建议,为隆头鱼的起源、物种多样性、分布格局成因以及在海洋生态系统中的功能研究提供基础数据及理论研究参考。
Labridae in order Labriformes is the second largest family of marine fishes,and more than 519 species in 71 genera,with the most variationss in body shape and color,have been recorded to date. The species in wrasses are worldwidely distributed in tropical,subtropical and temperate coral reefs and reef areas,playing an important role in maintaining the stability of marine ecosystem. Differed from a generalized spiny-rayed fish,the lower pharngeal bones in wrasses are united into a single bone,and the upper jaw is formed by two paired bones. The motion in these jaws is elevation of the lower jaw by the musclular sling to aid prey capture such as coral feeding,foraminifera feeding and fish cleaning in wrasses. The specialized feeding modes drove their evolution, led to their biodiversity, and increased diversification rates.Furthermore,many species in wrasses can change their sex from female to male. Their color patterns often change with age and sex-reversal,leading to a long-standing problem in determining their taxonomic status and evolutionary history. In spite of taxonomic investigation for more than 260 years,there are still many problems in taxonomic category and species identification. The purposes of this paper are to provide a review of the taxonomy history of Labridae,a summary of the progress made on phylogeny,the diagnostic characters of labrid family. Several main genera have been reviewed due to their unclear statuses of classification at genus level. Biology of Labridae has been briefly summarized,including feeding habits,feeding behavior,reproduction and development. The phylogenetic tree of Labridae based on molecular markers indicated complexities of the main genera,as an evidence of the functional evolution of the feeding-related jaws leading to differentiation of species in one genus. The synonyms and misnames of Labridae have been verified and corrected based on the literatures published during 1750-2017,and 150 species in 38 genera of Labridae have been recognized up to now,and shown their distribution in China seas. Three subfamilies in wrasses were regarded as Bodianinae,Corinae and Cheilininae on account of the lateral line pattern below most of dorsal fin. Based on the results from our review in progress of the wrasses,we suggest that the surveys and identification of species of Labridae in China will be further concentrated,and the phylogenetic geography of Labridae should be investigated by application of the technology of molecular biology, to promote recognition of the origin of various species in wrasses,causes of the species distribution pattern and effects on marine ecosystem.
Labridae in order Labriformes is the second largest family of marine fishes,and more than 519 species in 71 genera,with the most variationss in body shape and color,have been recorded to date. The species in wrasses are worldwidely distributed in tropical,subtropical and temperate coral reefs and reef areas,playing an important role in maintaining the stability of marine ecosystem. Differed from a generalized spiny-rayed fish,the lower pharngeal bones in wrasses are united into a single bone,and the upper jaw is formed by two paired bones. The motion in these jaws is elevation of the lower jaw by the musclular sling to aid prey capture such as coral feeding,foraminifera feeding and fish cleaning in wrasses. The specialized feeding modes drove their evolution, led to their biodiversity, and increased diversification rates.Furthermore,many species in wrasses can change their sex from female to male. Their color patterns often change with age and sex-reversal,leading to a long-standing problem in determining their taxonomic status and evolutionary history. In spite of taxonomic investigation for more than 260 years,there are still many problems in taxonomic category and species identification. The purposes of this paper are to provide a review of the taxonomy history of Labridae,a summary of the progress made on phylogeny,the diagnostic characters of labrid family. Several main genera have been reviewed due to their unclear statuses of classification at genus level. Biology of Labridae has been briefly summarized,including feeding habits,feeding behavior,reproduction and development. The phylogenetic tree of Labridae based on molecular markers indicated complexities of the main genera,as an evidence of the functional evolution of the feeding-related jaws leading to differentiation of species in one genus. The synonyms and misnames of Labridae have been verified and corrected based on the literatures published during 1750-2017,and 150 species in 38 genera of Labridae have been recognized up to now,and shown their distribution in China seas. Three subfamilies in wrasses were regarded as Bodianinae,Corinae and Cheilininae on account of the lateral line pattern below most of dorsal fin. Based on the results from our review in progress of the wrasses,we suggest that the surveys and identification of species of Labridae in China will be further concentrated,and the phylogenetic geography of Labridae should be investigated by application of the technology of molecular biology, to promote recognition of the origin of various species in wrasses,causes of the species distribution pattern and effects on marine ecosystem.
引文
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[2]LINNAEUS C.Systema naturae[M].Paris:Laurent IISal VII,1758.
[3]DUMERIL A.Zoologie Analytique,ou méthode naturelle de classification des animaux,rendu plus facileàl'aide de tableaux synoptiques[M].Paris:Librairie Allais,1805.
[4]RISSO A.Ichthyologie de Nice,ou histoire naturelle des poissons du Département des Alpes[M].Paris:Maritimes F.Schoell,1810.
[5]CUVIER M,VALENCIENNES M.History nature of fishes[M].Paris:Tome premier,1828.
[6]GUNTHER A.A preliminary synopsis of the labroid genera[M].London:Ann.Mag.Nat.Hist.,1861.
[7]GUNTHER A.Catalogue of the Acanthopterygii,Pharyngognathi and Anacanthini in the collection of the British Museum[M].London:Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum,1862.
[8]BLEEKER P.Conspectus generum Labroideorum analyticus Verslag[M].Amsterdam:Akad,1862.
[9]GILL T.Arrangement of the Families of Fishes[M].Paris:Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections,1872.
[10]JORDAN E.Classification of fishes:including families and genera as far as known[M].Washington:Stanford University Press,1923.
[11]JORDAN E.Notes on the fishes of Hawaii with descriptions of six new species[M].Washington:Proceedings of the U.S.National Museum,1925.
[12]NORMAN JR.A draft synopsis of the orders,families and genera of recent fishes and fish-like vertebrates[M].London:British Museum Natural History,1966.
[13]GREENWOOD P,ROSEN D,WEITZMAN S,et al.Phyletic studies of teleostean fishes,with a provisional classification of living forms[M].Washington:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History,1966.
[14]尼科里斯基.分门鱼类学[M].缪学祖,林福申,田明诚,译.北京:高等教育出版社,1958.Taxonimic ichthyology[M].LIAO X Z,LIN H S,TIAN M C(Translated in Chinese).Beijing:Higher Education Press,1958.
[15]NELSON J.Fishes of the world[M].New York:Wiley Publication,1976.
[16]GOMON M.Relationships of fishes of the labrid tribe Hypsigenyini[J].Bulletin Marine Science,1997(60):789-871.
[17]CLEMENTS K D,ALFARO M E,FESSLER J L,et al.Relationships of the temperate Australasian labrid fish tribe Odacini(Perciformes;Teleostei)[J].Molecular Phylogenetics&Evolution,2004(32):575-587.
[18]STIASSNY M L J,JENSEN J S.Labroid interrelationships revisted:morphological complexity,key innovations,and the study of comparative diversity[J].Breviora,1987(151):269-319.
[19]WAINWRIGHT P C,SMITH W L,PRICE S A,et al.The evolution of pharyngognathy:a phylogenetic and functional appraisal of the pharyngeal jaw key innovation in labroid fishes and beyond[J].Systematic Biology,2012(61):1001-1027.
[20]LIEM K F,GREENWOOD P H.A functional approach to the phylogeny of the pharyngognath teleosts[J].American Zoologist,1981(21):83-101.
[21]王忠明,孔晓瑜,黄良民.中国鹦嘴鱼科(Scaridae)鱼类的分类整理[J].热带海洋学报,2013,32:22-32.WANG Z M,KONG X Y,HUANG L M.Taxonomic revision of parrotfishes(Perciformes:Scaridae)in China seas[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2013,32(3):22-32.
[22]WILEY E O,JOHNSON G D.A teleost classification based on monophyletic groups[M].Munich:Honoring Gloria Arratia,2010.
[23]BETANCURR R,BROUGHTON R,WILEY E,et al.The tree of life and a new classification of bony fishes[J].PLOS Currents Tree of Life,2013,doi:10.1371.
[24]GILL T.Families and subfamilies of wshes mem[M].Paris:Natural Academic Science,1893.
[25]JORDAN D S,SNYDER J O.A review of the Labroid fishes and related forms found in the waters of Japan[M].California:Leland Stanford Junior University,1902.
[26]REGAN C T.The classification of the percoid fishes[J].Annals and Magazine of Natural History,1913(2):11-114.
[27]RUSSELL B C.Revision of the labrid genus Pseudolabrus and allied genera[J].Records of the Australian Museum,1988(9):1-72.
[28]WESTNEAT M W.Phylogenetic relationships of the tribe Cheilinini(Labridae:Perciformes)[J].Bulletin of Marine Science Miami,1993(52):351-394.
[29]WESTNEAT M W,ALFARO M E.Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the reef fish family Labridae[J].Molecular Phylogenetics&Evolution,2005,36:370-390.
[30]WESTNEAT M W,ALFARO M E,WAINWRIGHTP C,et al.Local phylogenetic divergence and global evolutionary convergence of skull function in reef fishes of the family Labridae[J].Proceedings Biological Sciences,2005,272;993.
[31]RANDALL J E,SMITH M M.A Review of the labrid fishes of the genus Halichoeres of the Western Indian Ocean,with descriptions of six new species[J].Ichthyological Bulletin of the J.L.B.Smith Institute of Ichthyology,1981(45):1-30.
[32]BARBER P,BELLWOOD D.Biodiversity hotspots:evolutionary origins of biodiversity in wrasses(Halichoeres:Labridae)in the Indo-Pacific and new world tropics[J].Molecular Phylogenetics&Evolution,2005(35):235-253.
[33]PARENTI P,RANDALL J E.Checklist of the species of the families Labridae and Scaridae:An update[J].Smithiana Bulletin,2011.
[34]GOMON M.A revision of the labrid fish genus Bodianus with descriptions of eight new species[J].Records of the Australian Museum,2006(30):1-133.
[35]SANTINI F,SORENSON L,ALFARO M E.Phylogeny and biogeography of hogfishes and allies(Bodianus,Labridae)[J].Molecular Phylogenetics&Evolution,2016(99):1-6.
[36]BERNARDI H,BUCCIARELLI G,COSTAGLIOLAD et al.Evolution of coral reef fish,Thalassoma,spp.(Labridae).1.Molecular phylogeny and biogeography[J].Marine Biology,2004(144):369-375.
[37]RANDALL J E,EARLE J L.Review of Hawaiian razorfishes of the genus Iniistius(Perciformes:Labridae)[J].Pacific Science,2002(56):389-402.
[38]FOWLER H.A synopsis of the fishes of China.Part VII.The perch-like fishes(completed)[M].Taiwan:Quartery Journal of the Taiwan Museum,1957.
[39]ALONZO S,STIVER K,MARSHROLLO S.Ovarian fluid allows directional cryptic female choice despite external fertilization[J].Nature Communications,2016(7):12452.
[40]OSBECK P.A voyage to China and the East Indies[M].London:B.White Press,1771.
[41]刘东,唐文乔.远东拟隆头鱼的物种厘定及重新描述[J].上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(3):353-357.LIU D,TANG W Q.Redifinition of Pseudolabrus eoethinus and species redescription[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University.2017,26(3):353-357.
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