干旱区不同谷子品种叶片光合特性对光强的响应
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摘要
以本地品种小红毛、常规品种陇谷11号、晋谷29号和杂交品种张杂谷5号、华大3号为供试材料,在宁夏同心县旱作田比较孕穗期和灌浆中期不同谷子品种叶片光强-光合响应曲线及光合参数的变化特点。结果表明:在孕穗期,不同谷子品种的表观量子效率在0.044～0.079μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)之间,光补偿点的变化范围在14.11～50.59μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)之间;最大光合速率的变化范围为38.53～50.01μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),暗呼吸速率变化范围为2.16～5.28μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)。本地品种小红毛在孕穗期的表观量子效率高(0.079μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)),利用低光强的能力较强,而常规品种和杂交品种的最大光合速率较高(陇谷11号和晋谷29号分别为38.53、47.53μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、张杂谷5号和华大3号分别为44.06、50.01μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)),利用强光的能力强,且杂交品种大于常规品种。常规品种和杂交品种的光合能力强,可为谷子获得高产奠定基础。
In order to better understand the response of leaf photosynthesis of various millet varieties to light intensity,we used local millet varieties( Xiaohongmao),conventional variety( Longgu 11,Jingu 29),and hybrid varieties( Zhangza 5,Huada 3) as experimental crops. The photosynthetic response curves and photosynthetic parameters were studied in booting and filling stages. It is found that the maximum photosynthetic rate,apparent quantum efficience,dark respiration rate,and light compensation point in booting stage were higher than that in filling stage. At the booting stage,the apparent quantum efficiency of different millet varieties is between 0.044 and0.079 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),and the light compensation point varies from 14.11 to 50.59 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1). The maximum photosynthetic rate ranged from 38.53 to 50.01 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),and the dark respiration rate ranged from~2.16 to 5. 28 μmol · m-2· s-1,respectively. Compared with other varieties the apparent quantum yield of Xiaohongmao( local variety) was higher( 0.079 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)),and it had a great ability to use low light intensity. Nevertheless,The maximum photosynthesis of conventional varieties and hybrid varieties was higher than local variety( Longgu 11,and Jingu 29 were 38.53 and 47.53 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),Zhangza 5 and Huada 3 were 44.06 and50.01 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),respectively). Conventional varieties and hybrid varieties had a great ability to use highlight intensity,and hybrid variety had a stronger ability to use highlight intensity than conventional variety. Conventional varieties and hybrid varieties had a higher photosynthetic capacity,which established the foundation of high yield.
In order to better understand the response of leaf photosynthesis of various millet varieties to light intensity,we used local millet varieties( Xiaohongmao),conventional variety( Longgu 11,Jingu 29),and hybrid varieties( Zhangza 5,Huada 3) as experimental crops. The photosynthetic response curves and photosynthetic parameters were studied in booting and filling stages. It is found that the maximum photosynthetic rate,apparent quantum efficience,dark respiration rate,and light compensation point in booting stage were higher than that in filling stage. At the booting stage,the apparent quantum efficiency of different millet varieties is between 0.044 and0.079 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),and the light compensation point varies from 14.11 to 50.59 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1). The maximum photosynthetic rate ranged from 38.53 to 50.01 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),and the dark respiration rate ranged from~2.16 to 5. 28 μmol · m-2· s-1,respectively. Compared with other varieties the apparent quantum yield of Xiaohongmao( local variety) was higher( 0.079 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)),and it had a great ability to use low light intensity. Nevertheless,The maximum photosynthesis of conventional varieties and hybrid varieties was higher than local variety( Longgu 11,and Jingu 29 were 38.53 and 47.53 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),Zhangza 5 and Huada 3 were 44.06 and50.01 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),respectively). Conventional varieties and hybrid varieties had a great ability to use highlight intensity,and hybrid variety had a stronger ability to use highlight intensity than conventional variety. Conventional varieties and hybrid varieties had a higher photosynthetic capacity,which established the foundation of high yield.
引文
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[20]刘丽平,欧阳竹,武兰芳,等.阶段性干旱及复水对小麦光合特性和产量的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(11):2797-2803.
[21]徐俊增,彭世彰,魏征,等.不同供氮水平及水分调控条件下水稻光合作用光响应特征[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(2):72-76.
[22]樊修武,池宝亮,张冬梅.谷子杂交种灌浆期光合性能研究[J].山西农业科学,2011,39(3):227-229.
[2] Doust A N,Kellog E Z,Devos K M. A sequence-driven grasssmodel system[J]. Plant Physiology,2009,149(1):137-141.
[3]张亚琦,李淑文,付巍,等.施氮对杂交谷子产量与光合特性及水分利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1119-1126.
[4]邵丽华,王莉,白雯雯,等.山西谷子资源叶酸含量分析及评价[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(70):1265-1272.
[5]李顺国,刘斐,刘猛,等.我国谷子产业现状、发展趋势及对策建议[J].农业现代化研究,2014,35(5):531-535.
[6]关雅楠,黄正来,张文静,等.低温胁迫对不同基因型小麦品种光合性能的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(7):1895-1899.
[7]闫丽霞,石玉,于振文.测墒补灌对不同小麦品种光合特性及产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(3):372-378.
[8] Acreche M M,Briceno-Felix G,Martin Sanchez J A,et al. Radia-tion interception and use efficiency as affected by breeding in Med-iterranean wheat[J].Field Crops Research,2009,110:91-97.
[9]王卫,谢小立,谢永宏.不同水分管理模式对水稻生长及光合特性的影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(7):746-751.
[10]于文颖,纪瑞鹏,冯锐,等.不同生育期玉米叶片光合特性及水分利用效率对水分胁迫的响应[J].生态学报,2015,35(9):2902-2909.
[11]张兴华,高杰,杜伟莉.干旱胁迫对玉米品种苗期叶片光合特性的影响[J].作物学报,2015,41(1):154-159.
[12]刘建栋,周秀骥,于强.中国黄淮海地区冬小麦光合作用特征参数[J].应用气象学报,2003,14(3):257-265.
[13]王尚明,张崇华,曾凯,等.不同品种水稻单叶的光合特性比较[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(12):77-83.
[14]梁熠,齐华,王敬亚.行距配置对春玉米群体冠层环境与光合特性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(8):66-72.
[15]郭志利,卢成达,李阳,等.谷子不同品种、生育时期、叶位光合特性研究[J].农学学报,2014,4(6):5-9.
[16]刘子会,张红梅,张艳敏,等.灌浆期杂交谷子旗叶的光合特性[J].西北农业学报,2012,21(11):60-64.
[17]卢成达,吕建珍,马建萍.不同谷子品种形态特征和光合生理特性分析[J].河北农业科学,2015,(01):1-5.
[18]王忠.植物生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000;179-182.
[19]李力,张祥星,郑睿.夏玉米光合特性及光响应曲线拟合[J].植物生态学报,2016,40(12):1310-1318.
[20]刘丽平,欧阳竹,武兰芳,等.阶段性干旱及复水对小麦光合特性和产量的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(11):2797-2803.
[21]徐俊增,彭世彰,魏征,等.不同供氮水平及水分调控条件下水稻光合作用光响应特征[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(2):72-76.
[22]樊修武,池宝亮,张冬梅.谷子杂交种灌浆期光合性能研究[J].山西农业科学,2011,39(3):227-229.