中美高等院校科技成果转化模式比较研究
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摘要
高校科技成果转化效率的提高对推进我国经济转型升级、创新发展,实现经济高质量、高效率的运行具有重要意义。为此,我国政府出台了一系列促进高校科技成果转化的政策法规,但实施效果不尽如人意,高校科技成果转化率提升幅度不大。通过中美在高校科技成果转化政策、制度与科技成果转化效果的对比分析,指出了我国高校在科技成果方面存在的问题,提出了进一步强化政策、制度引导,改善高校科技成果转化运行机制,从根本上释放高校科研工作者的创新实践和成果转化的主动性和积极性的具体建议。
The improvement of the transformation efficiency of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities is of great significance to promote the transformation and upgrading of China's economy, innovation and development, and to realize the operation of high quality and high efficiency of economy. For this reason, the Chinese government has issued a series of policies and regulations to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities, but the implementation effect is not satisfactory, and the conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities has not increased much. Through the comparative analysis of the transformation policy and system of scientific and technological achievements between China and the United States in colleges and universities and the transformation effect of scientific and technological achievements, this paper points out the problems existing in scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities in China, and puts forward the further strengthening of policy and system guidance, so as to improve the operational mechanism of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities, and fundamentally facilitate the innovative practice of scientific research workers in colleges and universities, and finally puts forward the specific suggestions on the initiative and enthusiasm of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
The improvement of the transformation efficiency of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities is of great significance to promote the transformation and upgrading of China's economy, innovation and development, and to realize the operation of high quality and high efficiency of economy. For this reason, the Chinese government has issued a series of policies and regulations to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities, but the implementation effect is not satisfactory, and the conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities has not increased much. Through the comparative analysis of the transformation policy and system of scientific and technological achievements between China and the United States in colleges and universities and the transformation effect of scientific and technological achievements, this paper points out the problems existing in scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities in China, and puts forward the further strengthening of policy and system guidance, so as to improve the operational mechanism of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities, and fundamentally facilitate the innovative practice of scientific research workers in colleges and universities, and finally puts forward the specific suggestions on the initiative and enthusiasm of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
引文
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[8]吴卫红,董诚,彭洁,等.美国促进科技成果转化的制度体系解析[J].科技管理研究,2015,35(14):16-20.
[9]窦珍珍,顾新,王涛.国外职务发明成果转化经验及启示[J].中国科技论坛,2017(07):176-183.
[10]袁永,张宏丽,李妃养.奥巴马政府科技创新政策研究[J].中国科技论坛,2017(4):178-185.
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[12]赵海燕,何忠伟.世界大国农业发展模式及我国的借鉴[J].江西社会科学,2015(6):87-90.
[13]Ren, D.Y., Song, W. and Ni, Y.(2017)Study on the Scientific and Technological Transformation Mechanism in Universities.Open Journal of Social Sciences,5,271-285.
[2]骆严,朱雪忠,焦洪涛.论美国大学与联邦实验室技术转移政策的差异[J].科学学研究,2016(3):373-379.
[3]David C. Mowery,Bhaven N. Sampat,The Bayh-Dole Act of1980 and University-Industry Technology Transfer:A Model for Other OECD Governments?[J].The Journal of Technology Transfer, 2004, Vol.30(1-2), pp.115-127.
[4]Jerry G. Thursby,Marie C. Thursby. Has the Bayh-Dole act compromised basic research?[J]. Research Policy,2011(10):1077-1083.
[5]Scott Shane. Encouraging university entrepreneurship? The effect of the Bayh-Dole Act on university patenting in the United States[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2004(10):127-151.
[6]John E. Tyler. Redeploying Bayh-Dole:beyond Merely doing good to optimizing the potential in results of taxpayer-funded research[J]. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 2013, Vol.38(6),pp.911-929.
[7]T.Taylor Aldridge,David Audretsch. The Bayh-Dole Act and scientist entrepreneurship[J]. Research Policy,2011(10):1058-1067.
[8]吴卫红,董诚,彭洁,等.美国促进科技成果转化的制度体系解析[J].科技管理研究,2015,35(14):16-20.
[9]窦珍珍,顾新,王涛.国外职务发明成果转化经验及启示[J].中国科技论坛,2017(07):176-183.
[10]袁永,张宏丽,李妃养.奥巴马政府科技创新政策研究[J].中国科技论坛,2017(4):178-185.
[11]曾京,陈辉.促进科技成果充分转化要从产权着手[J].群言,2018(10):10-11.
[12]赵海燕,何忠伟.世界大国农业发展模式及我国的借鉴[J].江西社会科学,2015(6):87-90.
[13]Ren, D.Y., Song, W. and Ni, Y.(2017)Study on the Scientific and Technological Transformation Mechanism in Universities.Open Journal of Social Sciences,5,271-285.