2015-04-28渤海海雾形成过程中的海气相互作用分析
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摘要
利用FY和MTSAT卫星资料、ERA Interim再分析资料、黄渤海浮标站资料、黄渤海自动站逐小时观测资料,对发生在2015年4月28—29日的渤海海雾成因进行分析,着重探讨了海雾形成过程中的海气相互作用。结果发现,近海面处大气低层逆温层抬升,大于90%的大湿度区向上、向西扩展,对海雾形成非常有利;海雾生成前、生成发展过程中存在明显的东到东南风,有利于黄海水汽向渤海输送,海面上空有水汽通量大值区由渤海海峡向渤海中部移动,使得渤海上空水汽输送加强,提供了海雾形成所需的水汽;在海雾形成过程中渤海上空气温高于海温,风切变造成的海气界面湍流热交换为大气输送向海洋,使得冷海面上空暖湿空气降温冷却达到饱和形成海雾,是平流冷却雾。
The sea fog over Bohai Sea from April 28 to 29 2015 is analyzed with FY satellite data, MTSAT satellite data, ERA Interim reanalyzed data, buoy stations data and automatic weather stations data, with the air-sea interaction during the formation and development of the sea fog analyzed intensively. A lower atmosphere inversion layer rose and a wet area of greater than 90% expanded upward and westward,beneficial to the formation of Bohai Sea fog. There was evident east and southeast wind during the sea fog event, in favor of vapor transporting from the Yellow Sea to the Bohai Sea. Strong vapor flux moved from the Bohai Straits to the Bohai Sea, enhanced vapor transport upon it and provided necessary vapor for the formation of sea fog. Bohai Sea air temperature was greater than sea surface temperature, sea surface net turbulence heat exchange caused by wind shear delivered heat from the atmosphere to the sea, then warm moist air cooled down and saturated and advection cooling fog generated.
The sea fog over Bohai Sea from April 28 to 29 2015 is analyzed with FY satellite data, MTSAT satellite data, ERA Interim reanalyzed data, buoy stations data and automatic weather stations data, with the air-sea interaction during the formation and development of the sea fog analyzed intensively. A lower atmosphere inversion layer rose and a wet area of greater than 90% expanded upward and westward,beneficial to the formation of Bohai Sea fog. There was evident east and southeast wind during the sea fog event, in favor of vapor transporting from the Yellow Sea to the Bohai Sea. Strong vapor flux moved from the Bohai Straits to the Bohai Sea, enhanced vapor transport upon it and provided necessary vapor for the formation of sea fog. Bohai Sea air temperature was greater than sea surface temperature, sea surface net turbulence heat exchange caused by wind shear delivered heat from the atmosphere to the sea, then warm moist air cooled down and saturated and advection cooling fog generated.
引文
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[2]GAO S H,LIN H,SHEN B,et al.A heavy sea fog event over the Yellow Sea in March 2005:Analysis and Numerical Modeling[J].Adv Atmos Sci,2007,24(1):65-81.
[3]GUO J T,LI P Y,FU G,et al.The structure and formation mechanism of a sea fog event over the Yellow Sea[J].J Ocean Univers China,2015,14(1):27-37.
[4]HUANG J,ZHOU F X.The cooling and moistening effect on the formation of sea fog in the Huanghai Sea[J].Acta Oceanolog Sin,2006,25(2):49-62.
[5]周发琇,王鑫,鲍献文.黄海春季海雾形成的气候特征[J].海洋学报,2004,26(3):28-37.
[6]黄彬,毛冬艳,康志明,等.黄海海雾天气气候特征及其成因分析[J].热带气象学报,2011,27(6):920-929.
[7]张苏平,任兆鹏.下垫面热力作用对黄海春季海雾的影响——观测与数值试验[J].气象学报,2010,68(4):439-449.
[8]孟宪贵,张苏平.夏季黄海表面冷水对大气边界层及海雾的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2012,42(6):16-23.
[9]LI M,ZHANG S P.Impact of sea surface temperature front on stratus-sea fog over the Yellow and East China Seas-a case study with implications for climatology[J].J Ocean Univers China,2013,12(2):301-311.
[10]任志军,卜清军.渤海湾海雾气候特征与分析[J].天津航海,2007(4):54-56.
[11]曲平,解以扬,刘丽丽,等.1988—2010年渤海湾海雾特征分析[J].高原气象,2014,33(1):285-293.
[12]张春桂,蔡义勇,张加春.MODIS遥感数据在我国台湾海峡海雾监测中的应用[J].应用气象学报,2009,20(1):8-16.
[13]LI J,HAN Z G,CHEN H B,et al.Fog detection over China’s adjacent sea area by using the MTSAT geostationary satellite data[J].Atmos Oceanic Sci Lett,2012,5(2):128-133.
[14]吴晓京,李三妹,廖蜜,等.基于20年卫星遥感资料的黄海、渤海海雾分布季节特征分析[J].海洋学报,2015,37(1):63-72.
[15]曹祥村,邵利民,易海祁,等.一次冬季平流辐射雾过程的观测分析及数值模拟研究[J].海洋学报,2009,31(4):39-50.
[16]曹祥村,邵利民,李晓东.黄渤海一次持续性大雾过程特征和成因分析[J].气象科技,2012,40(1):92-99.
[17]GAO S H,WU W,ZHU L L,et al.Detection of nighttime sea fog/stratus over the Huang-hai Sea using MTSAT-1R IR data[J].Acta Oceanolog Sin,2009,28(2):23-35.
[18]WANG Y M,GAO S H,FU G,et al.Assimilating MTSAT-derived humidity in nowcasting sea fog over the Yellow Sea[J].Wea Forec,2014,29(2):205-225.
[19]梁军,张胜军,隋洪起,等.大连地区大雾特征[J].应用气象学报,2009,20(1):28-35.
[20]FAIRALL C W,BRADLEY E F,ROGERS D P,et al.Bulk parameterization of air-sea fluxes for tropical ocean global atmosphere coupled ocean-atmosphere response experiment[J].J Geophys Res,1996,101(c2):3 747-3 764.
[21]邵庆秋,周明煜,李兴生.洋面动量、感热和潜热通量计算的研究[J].大气科学,1991,15(3):9-17.
[22]褚健婷,陈锦年,许兰英.海-气界面热通量算法的研究及在中国近海的应用[J].海洋与湖沼,2006,37(6):481-487.
[23]陈锦年,王宏娜,吕心艳.南海区域海气热通量的变化特征分析[J].水科学进展,2007,18(3):390-397.
[24]黄健,黄辉军,黄敏辉,等.广东沿岸海雾决策树预报模型[J].应用气象学报,2011,22(1):107-114.
[25]黄辉军,詹国伟,刘春霞,等.一次华南沿海海雾个例的数值模拟研究[J].热带气象学报,2015,31(5):643-654.
[26]陆雪,高山红,饶莉娟,等.春季黄海海雾WRF参数化方案敏感性研究[J].应用气象学报,2014,25(3):312-320.
[27]王鑫,黄菲,周发琇.黄海沿海夏季海雾形成的气候特征[J].海洋学报,2006,28(1):26-34.
[28]李晓娜,黄健,申双和,等.一次高压型液态海雾中的液态含水量演变特征[J].热带气象学报,2010,26(1):79-85.
[29]沈忱,黄健,刘寿东.海雾的准周期震荡特征[J].热带气象学报,2010,26(1):71-78.