住院儿童不同年龄支气管哮喘临床特点
摘要
目的探讨住院儿童不同年龄支气管哮喘的临床特点。方法将132例明确诊断为支气管哮喘儿童作为研究对象。分为≤3岁组和>3岁组,对患儿一般资料、病原谱等进行分析比较。结果 0～3岁47例,合并肺炎36例,其中重症肺炎3例,迁延性肺炎4例,细菌感染16例,支原体感染10例,入院前已确诊17例,规范治疗9例。3～14岁85例,合并肺炎50例,其中重症肺炎10例,迁延性肺炎4例,细菌感染23例,支原体感染28例。入院前已确诊46例,规范治疗21例。与>3岁组比较,≤3岁组支气管哮喘易合并肺部感染,且重症肺炎及迁延性肺炎比例较高(P<0.05),支原体感染低于年长儿((P<0.05))。≤3岁组住院前哮喘诊断率较低,(P<0.05)。结论呼吸道感染是儿童支气管哮喘住院的主要因素,≤3岁婴幼儿支气管哮喘易合并肺部感染,住院前哮喘诊断率低。支原体感染易引起年长儿哮喘急性发作。应重视儿童尤其是婴幼儿支气管哮喘的早期诊断及规范化治疗。
引文
[1] 张乐乐,苏苗赏,李昌崇等.儿童支气管哮喘急性发作临床特征及其年龄差异分析[J].医学研究杂志,2017,20(8):91-95.
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[7] Cook J,Saglani S.Pathogenesis and prevention strategies of severe asthma exacerbations in children [J].Curr Opin Pulm Med,2016,22(1):25-31.
[8] Fuhlbrigge A,Peden D,Apter AJ,et al.Asthma outcomes:exacerbations [J].J Allergy Clin Immunol,2012,129(3):S34-S48.
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[2] Wong GW,Kwon N,Hong JG,et al.Pediatric asthma contral in Asia:phase 2 of the Asthma Insights and Reality in Asia-Pacific survey[J].Allergy,2013,68(4):524-530.
[3] 洪建国,鲍一笑.重视儿童支气管哮喘的规范化诊治[J].中华儿科杂志,2016,54(3):161-162.
[4] 全国儿童哮喘防治协作组.第三次中国城市儿童哮喘流行病学调查[J].中华儿科杂志,2013,51(10):729-735.
[5] Nisar N,Guleria R,Kumar S,et al.Mycoplasma pneumoniae and its role in asthma [J].Postgrad Med J,2007( 83(976):100-104
[6] 全莹禹,黄英,闫莉.重庆市秋冬季支气管哮喘患儿急性加重与呼吸道非细菌病原感染分析[J].中华实用儿科杂志,2011,26(10):742-744.
[7] Cook J,Saglani S.Pathogenesis and prevention strategies of severe asthma exacerbations in children [J].Curr Opin Pulm Med,2016,22(1):25-31.
[8] Fuhlbrigge A,Peden D,Apter AJ,et al.Asthma outcomes:exacerbations [J].J Allergy Clin Immunol,2012,129(3):S34-S48.
[9] Chung KF,Wenzel SE,Brozek JL,et al.International ERS/ATS guidelines on definition,evalution and treatment of severe asthma [J].Eur Respir J,2014,43(2):343-373.