非洲企鹅微卫星DNA的筛选及其遗传多样性分析
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摘要
利用阿德利企鹅、洪堡企鹅等28个微卫星引物扩增非洲企鹅DNA,其中17个引物无扩充产物,8个引物扩增产物表现为多态,3个表现为单态。8个多态引物在供试的46只非洲企鹅中共检测到34个等位基因,7个位点为高度多态基因座,1个位点为中度多态基因座,2个位点显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡。8个微卫星位点非亲累计排除率为0. 998,累计个体识别力> 99. 99%。该研究显示该圈养种群有较高的遗传多样性,部分个体携带稀有基因,在以后种群管理中适当增加其繁殖机会,以期稀有基因得以保留。
A total of 28 microsatellite primer-pairs for Pygoscelis adeliae and Spheniscus humboldti were used to amplify 46 primer-pairs of Spheniscus demersus. Of the 28 primer-pairs,17 were not amplified,8 were polymorphic,and 3 were monomorphic. Based on the 8 polymorphic primerpairs,34 alleles were detected. Among them,7 loci were highly polymorphic,1 locus was moderate polymorphic,and 2 loci significantly deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The cumulative exclusion frequency of 8 microsatellite loci was 0. 998 and the cumulative individual discernment power was greater than 99. 99%. Our analyses revealed a high level of genetic diversity in the 46 penguins with some individuals carrying rare genes. These penguins should be given appropriate breeding opportunities in future population management to preserve rare genes.
A total of 28 microsatellite primer-pairs for Pygoscelis adeliae and Spheniscus humboldti were used to amplify 46 primer-pairs of Spheniscus demersus. Of the 28 primer-pairs,17 were not amplified,8 were polymorphic,and 3 were monomorphic. Based on the 8 polymorphic primerpairs,34 alleles were detected. Among them,7 loci were highly polymorphic,1 locus was moderate polymorphic,and 2 loci significantly deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The cumulative exclusion frequency of 8 microsatellite loci was 0. 998 and the cumulative individual discernment power was greater than 99. 99%. Our analyses revealed a high level of genetic diversity in the 46 penguins with some individuals carrying rare genes. These penguins should be given appropriate breeding opportunities in future population management to preserve rare genes.
引文
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[10] 田秀华,刘铸,白素英.珍稀濒危鸟类微量取样及DNA提取的研究[J].经济动物学报,2005,9(4):215-218.
[11] NEI M,MARUYAMA T,CHAKRABORTY R.The bottleneck effect and genetic variability in populations[J].Evolution,1975,29(1):1-10.
[2] 吴志勇,王晓虹,易萍,等.斑嘴环企鹅人工繁育初探[J].江西畜牧兽医杂志,2016(2):47-48.
[3] 李洪文,刘选珍,吴旭东.斑嘴环企鹅的人工孵育技术[J].经济动物学报,2014,18(3):128-132.
[4] CRAWFORD R J M,SHANNON L J,WHITTINGTON P A,et al.Factors influencing growth of the African penguin colony at Boulders,South Africa,1985-1999[J].South African Journal of Marine Science,2000,22(1):111-119.
[5] BOUWMAN H,GOVENDER D,UNDERHILL L,et al.Chlorinated,brominated and fluorinated organic pollutants in African penguin eggs:30 years since the previous assessment[J].Chemosphere,2015,126:1-10.
[6] ROEDER A D,RITCHIE P A,LAMBERT D M.New DNA markers for penguins[J].Conservation Genetics,2002,3(3):341-344.
[7] AKST E P,BOERSMA P D,FLEISCHER R C.A comparison of genetic diversity between the Galápagos penguin and the Magellanic penguin[J].Conservation Genetics,2002,3(4):375-383.
[8] LABUSCHAGNE C,VAN WYK A M,KOTZé A,et al.Isolation and characterization of species-specific microsatellite loci in African penguin(Spheniscus demersus)[J].Conservation Genetics Resources,2013,5(1):169-171.
[9] SCHLOSSER J A,GARNER T W J,DUBACH J M,et al.Characterization of microsatellite loci in humboldt penguin(Spheniscus humboldti)and cross-amplification in other penguin species[J].Molecular Ecology Notes,2003,3(1):62-64.
[10] 田秀华,刘铸,白素英.珍稀濒危鸟类微量取样及DNA提取的研究[J].经济动物学报,2005,9(4):215-218.
[11] NEI M,MARUYAMA T,CHAKRABORTY R.The bottleneck effect and genetic variability in populations[J].Evolution,1975,29(1):1-10.