硝酸盐污染氮氧同位素溯源及贡献率分析——以南阳地区为例
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摘要
南阳盆地地下水硝酸盐污染形势不容乐观,但是其成因尚不清楚。为了识别该地区浅层地下水中硝酸盐的污染来源,系统采集了28组样品,基于稳定同位素质量守恒定律和线性混合定律,通过分析硝酸盐中氮氧同位素组成(δ15N、δ18O),定量计算出了不同污染源对地下水硝酸盐的贡献程度。研究结果表明:该地区浅层含水层地下水NO-3-N的浓度均值为23.25 mg/L,以地下水质量Ⅲ类水为标准,超标率达39.29%;污水及粪便是造成硝酸盐污染的主要原因,其平均贡献率为73%;其次为化肥的施用占23%;该地区地下水环境受人类活动影响强烈,而自然因素对硝酸盐污染的贡献程度可忽略不计。
Early researches show that the shallow aquifer of the Nanyang district,at which the South to North Water Diversion Project starts,has been contaminated by nitrate.In this study,28 groups of shallow groundwater samples are collected.By measurements of nitrogen and oxygen isotopes(δ15 N and δ18 O),combined with the linear mixing model based on the mass conservation law of stable isotopes,the quantitative results of the potential sources of nitrate contamination are obtained.The results show that the average concentration of NO3-N in shallow groundwater is 23.25 mg/L and 39.29% of all the samples are above the level Ⅲ of the Groundwater Quality Standard.The data from all the samples indicate the sewage and manure are the main reason of the nitrate pollution in the study area,which account for 73% of the overall level.The use of fertilizer is the secondary cause,which takes up 23%,and the natural factors are negligible compared to the anthropogenic activities.
Early researches show that the shallow aquifer of the Nanyang district,at which the South to North Water Diversion Project starts,has been contaminated by nitrate.In this study,28 groups of shallow groundwater samples are collected.By measurements of nitrogen and oxygen isotopes(δ15 N and δ18 O),combined with the linear mixing model based on the mass conservation law of stable isotopes,the quantitative results of the potential sources of nitrate contamination are obtained.The results show that the average concentration of NO3-N in shallow groundwater is 23.25 mg/L and 39.29% of all the samples are above the level Ⅲ of the Groundwater Quality Standard.The data from all the samples indicate the sewage and manure are the main reason of the nitrate pollution in the study area,which account for 73% of the overall level.The use of fertilizer is the secondary cause,which takes up 23%,and the natural factors are negligible compared to the anthropogenic activities.
引文
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[22]王开然,郭芳,姜光辉,等.15N和18O在桂林岩溶水氮污染源示踪中的应用[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(9):2223-2230.[WANG K R,GUO F,JIANGG H,et al.Application of15N and18O to nitrogen pollution source in karst water in Eastern Guilin[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(9):2223-2230.(in Chinese)]
[23]王东升.氮同位素比(15N/~14N)在地下水氮污染研究中的应用基础[J].地球学报,1997,18(2):220-223.[WANG D S.Basis for the use of nitrogen isotopes to identify nitrogen contamination of groundwater[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,1997,18(2):220-223.(in Chinese)]
[24]Barbara Deutsch,Melanie Mewes,Iris Liskow,et al.Quantification of diffuse nitrate inputs into a small river system using stable isotopes of oxygen and nitrogen in nitrate[J].Organic Geochemistry,2006,37(10):1333-1342.
[25]鲁垠涛,刘芳,姚宏,等.北京密云水库小流域地下水硝酸盐污染来源示踪[J].环境化学,2016,35(1):180-188.[LU G T,LIU F,YAO H,et al.Source analysis of nitrate pollution source in groundwater in a small watershed of Miyun reservoir in Beijing[J].Environmental Chemistry,2016,35(1):180-188.(in Chinese)]
[26]张千千,缪丽萍,孙继朝,等.稳定同位素识别水体硝酸盐污染来源的研究进展[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(5):742-749.[ZHANG Q Q,MIUL P,SUN J C,et al.Research advances in identifying nitrate pollution sources of water environment by using stable isotopes[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2015,24(5):742-749.(in Chinese)]
[2]R F Spalding,M E Exner.Occurrence of nitrate in groundwater-a review[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1993,22(3):392-402.
[3]袁利娟,庞忠和.地下水硝酸盐污染的同位素研究进展[J].水文地质工程地质,2010,37(2):108-113.[YUAN L J,PANG Z H.Research on isotopes in ground water nitrate pollution:A review[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2010,37(2):108-113.(in Chinese)]
[4]薛禹群,张幼宽.地下水污染防治在我国水体污染控制与治理中的双重意义[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(3):474-481.[XUE Y Q,ZHANG Y K.Two fold significance of groundwater pollution prevention in China's water pollution control[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2009,29(3):474-481.(in Chinese)]
[5]唐克旺,吴玉成,侯杰.中国地下水资源质量评价(Ⅱ)---地下水水质现状和污染分析[J].水资源保护,2006,22(3):1-4.[TANG K W,WU Y C,HOU J.Assessment of groundwater quality in China:Ⅱgroundwater quality and pollution analysis[J].Water Resources Protection,2006,22(3):1-4.(in Chinese)]
[6]王瑞,卞建民,张真真,等.松嫩平原哈尔滨地区地下水化学特征及污染状况[J].吉林农业大学学报,2014,36(6):690-696.[WANG R,BIAN JM,ZHANG Z Z,et al.Research on ground water chemical characteristics and pollution situation of Harbin region in songnen plain[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2014,36(6):690-696.(in Chinese)]
[7]张兆吉,费宇红,郭春艳,等.华北平原区域地下水污染评价[J].吉林大学学报(地),2012,42(5):1456-1461.[ZHANG Z J,FEI Y H,GUO C Y,et al.Regional groundwater contamination assessment in the North China plain[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2012,42(5):1456-1461.(in Chinese)]
[8]赵新锋,陈法锦,陈建耀,等.城市地下水硝酸盐污染及其成因分析---以珠海香洲区为例[J].水文地质工程地质,2008,35(3):87-92.[ZHAO XF,CHEN F Y,CHEN J Y,et al.Using nitrogen isotope to identify the sources of nitrate contamination in urban groundwater-A case study in Zhuhai city[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2008,35(3):87-92.(in Chinese)]
[9]陈建耀,王亚,张洪波,等.地下水硝酸盐污染研究综述[J].地理科学进展,2006,25(1):34-44.[CHEN J Y,WANG Y,ZHANG H B,et al.Overview on the studies of nitrate pollution in groundwater[J].Progress in Geography,2006,25(1):34-44.(in Chinese)]
[10]张翠云,郭秀红.氮同位素技术的应用:土壤有机氮作为地下水硝酸盐污染源的条件分析[J].地球化学,2005,34(5):533-540.[ZHANG C Y,GUO X H.Application of nitrogen techniques:the prerequisite analysis of soil organic nitrogen as sources of nitrate contamination of groundwater[J].Geochimica,2005,34(5):533-540.(in Chinese)]
[11]D H Kohl,G B Shearer,B Commoner.Fertilizer nitrogen:contribution to nitrate in surface water in a corn belt watershed[J].Science,1971,174(4016):1331-1334.
[12]Amberger A,Schmidt H L.Natürliche isotopengehalte von nitrat als Indikatoren für dessen Herkunft[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1987,51(10):2699-2705.
[13]Donald L Phillips,Paul L Koch.Incorporating concentration dependence in stable isotope mixing models[J].Oecologia,2002,130(1):114-125.
[14]D Xue,J Botte,Baets B De,et al.Present limitations and future prospects of stable isotope methods for nitrate source identification in surface and groundwater[J].Water Research,2009,43(5):1159-70.
[15]田夏,费宇红,李亚松,等.南襄盆地浅层地下水质量影响因子解析[J].南水北调与水利科技,2017,(6).[TIAN X,FEI Y H,LI Y S,et al.Zonation characteristics of fluorine and its causes in shallow groundwater in Nanyang Basin[J].Water Resources Protection,2012,28(6):66-69.(in Chinese)]
[16]张春億.南阳市城区地下水资源可持续利用对策浅析[J].地下水,2014,36(3):43-44.[ZHANGC Y.The sustainable utilization proposals for groundwater resources in the urban area of Nanyang[J].Groundwater,2014,36(3):43-44.(in Chinese)]
[17]费宇红,李亚松,崔向向,等.豫西诸盆地地下水污染调查评价成果报告(南襄盆地)[R].石家庄:中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所,2015:59-70.[FEI Y H,LI Y S,CUI X X,et al.The report of groundwater pollution evaluation of the basins in the west of Henan province[R].Shijiazhuang:The Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,CAGS,2015:59-70.(in Chinese)]
[18]吴祖成,刘华平,王道山,等.南阳盆地地下水水质评价[J].地下水,2009,31(5):12-15.[WU ZC,LIU H P,WANG D S,et al.Evaluation of groundwater quality in the Nanyang Basin[J].Groundwater,2009,31(5):12-15.(in Chinese)]
[19]魏秀琴,杨新梅.河南省地下水质量状况及评价[C]//河南省地质调查与研究通报2007年卷,2007.[WEI X Q,YANG X M.The quality status and evaluation of groundwater resources,Henan province[C]//Geological Survey and Research Report of Henan Province,2007.(in Chinese)]
[20]王才元,王振方,商庆仁,等.南阳幅区域水文地质调查报告[R].郑州:河南省地质矿产局水文地质三队,1984:73-77.[WANG C Y,WANG Z F,SHANG Q R,et al.The report of regional hydrogeological survey in Nanyang district[R].Zhengzhou:No.3 Hydrogeological Party,Department of Geology and Mineral Resources of Henan Province,1984:73-77.(in Chinese)]
[21]张翠云,张胜,李政红,等.利用氮同位素技术识别石家庄市地下水硝酸盐污染源[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(2):183-191.[ZHANG C Y,ZHANG S,LI Z H,et al.Using nitrogen isotope techniques to identify the sources of the nitrate contamination to the groundwater beneath Shijiazhuang city[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2004,19(2):183-191.(in Chinese)]
[22]王开然,郭芳,姜光辉,等.15N和18O在桂林岩溶水氮污染源示踪中的应用[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(9):2223-2230.[WANG K R,GUO F,JIANGG H,et al.Application of15N and18O to nitrogen pollution source in karst water in Eastern Guilin[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(9):2223-2230.(in Chinese)]
[23]王东升.氮同位素比(15N/~14N)在地下水氮污染研究中的应用基础[J].地球学报,1997,18(2):220-223.[WANG D S.Basis for the use of nitrogen isotopes to identify nitrogen contamination of groundwater[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,1997,18(2):220-223.(in Chinese)]
[24]Barbara Deutsch,Melanie Mewes,Iris Liskow,et al.Quantification of diffuse nitrate inputs into a small river system using stable isotopes of oxygen and nitrogen in nitrate[J].Organic Geochemistry,2006,37(10):1333-1342.
[25]鲁垠涛,刘芳,姚宏,等.北京密云水库小流域地下水硝酸盐污染来源示踪[J].环境化学,2016,35(1):180-188.[LU G T,LIU F,YAO H,et al.Source analysis of nitrate pollution source in groundwater in a small watershed of Miyun reservoir in Beijing[J].Environmental Chemistry,2016,35(1):180-188.(in Chinese)]
[26]张千千,缪丽萍,孙继朝,等.稳定同位素识别水体硝酸盐污染来源的研究进展[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(5):742-749.[ZHANG Q Q,MIUL P,SUN J C,et al.Research advances in identifying nitrate pollution sources of water environment by using stable isotopes[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2015,24(5):742-749.(in Chinese)]