农户分化、代际差异对生态耕种采纳度的影响
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摘要
农户作为最直接的耕地利用主体,其生态耕种采纳度是耕地保护政策能否顺利落实和促使耕地保护的重要保证。基于江西省2 068份农户问卷调研数据,从农户分化与代际差异两大社会现象切入,在新古典经济学的"理性人"、行为经济学的"非理性人"理论框架下,提出研究假设,通过层次分析—熵值定权法构建了生态耕种采纳度的评价指标体系,运用Tobit模型,深入分析农户分化、代际差异对农户生态耕种采纳度的影响规律,以期为加强生态耕种行为,制定耕地生态保护相关政策提供参考依据。结果表明:第一,农户分化程度的加深会使农户的生态耕种采纳度降低,且农户分化每加深1个单位,其生态耕种采纳度的条件均值降低0. 204个单位。第二,新生代农户相对于老一代农户具有更积极的生态耕种采纳度,新生代农户的生态耕种采纳度比平均水平高37. 84%。第三,相对于分化程度更深的农户而言,浅分化农户的代际差异变化使其生态耕种采纳度的边际效果更强。纠正内生性偏误后,代际差异与分化调节效应对农户生态耕种采纳度的影响程度增强,农户分化对农户生态耕种采纳度的影响程度减弱,但是总体回归结果依然支持结论。代际差异、农户分化与分化调节效应的分样本回归结果基本稳健,结论均得到了较稳健的模型结果支持。为此,建议鼓励深分化农户加强耕地流转,释放有效劳动力;加强浅分化农户的技术培训,政府应在产业合作组织设立、扩大经营规模等方面给予支持;对老一代农户加强耕地保护基本政策、农业补贴政策等方面的宣传。
As the most direct main body of cultivated land utilization,the adoption of ecological cultivation is an important guarantee for the successful implementation and promotion of farmland protection. Based on 2 068 farmers questionnaire survey data of Jiangxi Province,from two social phenomena of household differentiation and generational difference,under the framework of the theory of'rational man'in neoclassical economics and'irrational man'in behavioral economics,the research hypothesis was put forward,and the evaluation index system of ecological farming acceptance degree was constructed by means of analytic hierarchy process( AHP) and entropy weight method. Then by using Tobit model,the influence rules of farmer household differentiation and intergenerational difference on the ecological farming acceptance degree were analyzed deeply,which provided reference basis for strengthening ecological farming behavior and formulating relevant policies for cultivated land ecological protection. Results showed that: first,the higher degree of household differentiation would reduce the ecological farming adoption farmers. Every increased 1 unit in household differentiation,the conditions of ecological farming adoption mean lowered 0. 204 units. Second,the new generation of farmers had a more active eco-farming adoption than the older generation,and the adoption of ecological cultivation of the new generation of farmers was 37. 84% higher than the average level. Third,in the case of farmers with deeper degree of differentiation,the change in generational difference of lower household differentiation made the marginal effect higher in the adoption of ecological cultivation. After correcting the endogenous bias,the influence of intergenerational difference and differentiation regulation effect on farmers undefined ecological cultivation adoption degree was enhanced,and the influence degree of peasant household differentiation degree on farmers undefined ecological cultivation adoption degree was weakened,but the overall regression results still supported the conclusion. The subsample regression results of intergenerational difference,differentiation degree and differentiation regulation effect of farmers were basically robust,and the conclusions were supported by robust model results. Therefore,it is suggested that the government should encourage deeply divided farmers to strengthen the circulation of cultivated land and release effective labor force,and support the establishment of industrial cooperative organizations and the expansion of business scale to strengthen technical training of shallowdifferentiated farmers. It also should promote the basic policies of farmland protection and agricultural subsidy to the old generation of farmers.
As the most direct main body of cultivated land utilization,the adoption of ecological cultivation is an important guarantee for the successful implementation and promotion of farmland protection. Based on 2 068 farmers questionnaire survey data of Jiangxi Province,from two social phenomena of household differentiation and generational difference,under the framework of the theory of'rational man'in neoclassical economics and'irrational man'in behavioral economics,the research hypothesis was put forward,and the evaluation index system of ecological farming acceptance degree was constructed by means of analytic hierarchy process( AHP) and entropy weight method. Then by using Tobit model,the influence rules of farmer household differentiation and intergenerational difference on the ecological farming acceptance degree were analyzed deeply,which provided reference basis for strengthening ecological farming behavior and formulating relevant policies for cultivated land ecological protection. Results showed that: first,the higher degree of household differentiation would reduce the ecological farming adoption farmers. Every increased 1 unit in household differentiation,the conditions of ecological farming adoption mean lowered 0. 204 units. Second,the new generation of farmers had a more active eco-farming adoption than the older generation,and the adoption of ecological cultivation of the new generation of farmers was 37. 84% higher than the average level. Third,in the case of farmers with deeper degree of differentiation,the change in generational difference of lower household differentiation made the marginal effect higher in the adoption of ecological cultivation. After correcting the endogenous bias,the influence of intergenerational difference and differentiation regulation effect on farmers undefined ecological cultivation adoption degree was enhanced,and the influence degree of peasant household differentiation degree on farmers undefined ecological cultivation adoption degree was weakened,but the overall regression results still supported the conclusion. The subsample regression results of intergenerational difference,differentiation degree and differentiation regulation effect of farmers were basically robust,and the conclusions were supported by robust model results. Therefore,it is suggested that the government should encourage deeply divided farmers to strengthen the circulation of cultivated land and release effective labor force,and support the establishment of industrial cooperative organizations and the expansion of business scale to strengthen technical training of shallowdifferentiated farmers. It also should promote the basic policies of farmland protection and agricultural subsidy to the old generation of farmers.
引文
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[21]李磊,贾磊,赵晓雪,等.层次分析—熵值定权法在城市水环境承载力评价中的应用[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(4):456-460.
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[24]何军.代际差异视角下农民工城市融入的影响因素分析——基于分位数回归方法[J].中国农村经济,2011(6):15-25.
[25]蔡弘,黄鹂.农业女性化下农村妇女生产参与及其生产意愿研究[J].人口与发展,2017,23(2):2-13.
[26]曹慧,赵凯.代际差异视角下粮农保护性耕作投入意愿的影响因素分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2018,18(1):115-123.
[27]莫华,曾福生.现代农业视角下农民专业合作社发展水平评估研究——基于湖南数据的实证[J].农业现代化研究,2017,38(3):421-428.
[28]张建雷.家庭农场发展的多重动力机制分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2018,18(1):34-40.
[29]方颖,赵扬.寻找制度的工具变量:估计产权保护对中国经济增长的贡献[J].经济研究,2011,46(5):138-148.
[2]邝佛缘,陈美球,鲁燕飞,等.生计资本对农户耕地保护意愿的影响分析——以江西省587份问卷为例[J].中国土地科学,2017,31(2):58-66.
[3]王喜,梁流涛,陈常优.不同类型农户参与耕地保护意愿差异分析——以河南省传统农区周口市为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(8):52-56.
[4]刘炎周,王芳,郭艳,等.农民分化、代际差异与农房抵押贷款接受度[J].中国农村经济,2016(9):16-29.
[5]谢贤鑫,陈美球,李志朋,等.不同类型农户农药使用特征及影响因素——以江西省为例[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(18):289-293.
[6]杨志海,王雅鹏,麦尔旦·吐尔孙.农户耕地质量保护性投入行为及其影响因素分析——基于兼业分化视角[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(12):105-112.
[7]杨志海,王雨濛.不同代际农民耕地质量保护行为研究——基于鄂豫两省829户农户的调研[J].农业技术经济,2015(10):48-56.
[8]袁东波,陈美球,李志朋,等.基于农药化肥使用视角分析不同兼业类型农户耕地质量保护行为[J].浙江农业科学,2018,59(2):310-314.
[9]王利敏,欧名豪.粮食主产区农户耕地保护现状及认知水平分析——基于全国10个粮食主产区1 198户农户的问卷调查[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(3):14-19.
[10]陈梦娇,陈美球,鲁燕飞,等.鄱阳湖区农户农业面源污染认知及其影响因素分析[J].土地经济研究,2016(1):85-97.
[11]王一超,郝海广,张惠远,等.农牧交错区农户生计分化及其对耕地利用的影响——以宁夏盐池县为例[J].自然资源学报,2018,33(2):302-312.
[12]杨玉竹,邵景安,钟建兵.山区农户耕地投入影响因素分析[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,38(2):104-112.
[13]谢花林,程玲娟.地下水漏斗区农户冬小麦休耕意愿的影响因素及其生态补偿标准研究——以河北衡水为例[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(12):2012-2022.
[14]陈美球,刘桃菊,黄建伟.农户耕地保护行为对农业补贴政策的响应分析[J].农村经济,2013(2):7-10.
[15]陈美球,吴月红,刘桃菊.基于农户行为的我国耕地保护研究与展望[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2012,12(3):66-72.
[16]李志朋.农户农药化肥使用行为及其影响因素研究[D].南昌:江西农业大学,2016.
[17]王亚运,蔡银莺.不同主体功能区农户家庭耕地利用功能对土地流转行为的影响[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(7):128-138.
[18]卡尔·曼海姆,徐彬.卡尔·曼海姆精粹[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2005.
[19]LYONS S,KURON L. Generational differences in the workplace:a review of the evidence and directions for future research[J]. Journal of organizational behaviour,2014,35(S1):S139-S157.
[20]DENCKER J C, JOSHI A, MARTOCCHIO J J. Towards a theoretical framework linking generational memories to workplace attitudes and behaviors[J]. Human resource management review,2008,18(3):180-187.
[21]李磊,贾磊,赵晓雪,等.层次分析—熵值定权法在城市水环境承载力评价中的应用[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(4):456-460.
[22]陆学艺.“三农”新论:当前中国农业农村农民问题研究[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2005.
[23]何可,张俊飚.农业废弃物资源化的生态价值——基于新生代农民与上一代农民支付意愿的比较分析[J].中国农村经济,2014(5):62-73,85.
[24]何军.代际差异视角下农民工城市融入的影响因素分析——基于分位数回归方法[J].中国农村经济,2011(6):15-25.
[25]蔡弘,黄鹂.农业女性化下农村妇女生产参与及其生产意愿研究[J].人口与发展,2017,23(2):2-13.
[26]曹慧,赵凯.代际差异视角下粮农保护性耕作投入意愿的影响因素分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2018,18(1):115-123.
[27]莫华,曾福生.现代农业视角下农民专业合作社发展水平评估研究——基于湖南数据的实证[J].农业现代化研究,2017,38(3):421-428.
[28]张建雷.家庭农场发展的多重动力机制分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2018,18(1):34-40.
[29]方颖,赵扬.寻找制度的工具变量:估计产权保护对中国经济增长的贡献[J].经济研究,2011,46(5):138-148.
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