两种盾蚧对库尔勒香梨果实的危害特性研究
|
摘要
【目的】为了澄清香梨Pyrus sinkangensis果实上红色斑点的形成原因和危害果实的蚧虫种类及扩散传播途径。【方法】以定点人工接虫法观察两种盾蚧对香梨果实各发育阶段造成的危害特性,悬挂黄板阻截法监测了杨盾蚧若虫的扩散距离。【结果】在香梨果实幼果期危害果实的是杨盾蚧Quadraspidiotusslavonicus (Green)1龄若虫,5月下旬至6月上旬以1龄若虫随风从香梨园周边杨树林带飘落到香梨叶片、果实上并在香梨果实表面危害形成红色斑点。在自然风力2-3级时,杨盾蚧1龄若虫最远可扩散到50m处,黄板上截获的平均虫口密度为0.01头/cm2;风力5-6级时,可扩散到150 m处,黄板上截获的平均虫口密度为0.24头/㎝2。在香梨果实膨大期,即7月中旬梨圆蚧第2代1龄若虫在梨树靠自身爬行能力扩散到果实上,并在香梨果实表面危害形成斑点(危害果实着色部位时可形成深红色斑点;危害果实未着色部位形成深绿色的斑点),使果实畸形。【结论】在香梨果实幼果期果实上引起红色斑点的蚧虫是杨盾蚧1龄若虫;杨树林带的高度、风力的大小以及虫源木上的虫口数量是影响杨盾蚧扩散数量和距离的重要因素。在香梨果实膨大期(即7月中旬)在香梨果实表面危害形成斑点,使果实畸形蚧虫是梨圆蚧Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock)的第2代若虫。
[Objectives] To clarify the cause of the red spot on Pyrus sinkangensis, identify the scale insects that damage the fruit of this species and how these spread. [Methods] The damage caused by two kinds of scale insect were observed during the development of pear fruit by artificially inoculating P. sinkangensis at fixed points. The subsequent spread of these pests was monitored using the hanging yellow board method. [Results] During the the fruit growing period, second generation nymphs of Quadraspidiotus perniciosus crawl onto the fruit and cause the spots visible on the surface of fruit in the middle of July. Dark red spots occur where the fruit is reddish and dark green spots when damage occurs in unpigmented areas. Early stage fruit are harmed by 1 st instar nymphs of Quadraspidiotus slavonicus(Green). 1 st instar nymphs of this species drift on the wind to pear leaves and fruits from adjacent poplar forests causing red spots to appear on the surface of fruit in late May and early June. When the wind scale was about 2-3, 1 st instar nymphs of Q. slavonicus dispersed a maximum of 50 m and the mean number caught on yellow sticky boards under these conditions was 0.011 per one cm2. When the wind scale was about 5-6, 1 st instar nymph could disperse up to 150 m, and the mean number caught on yellow sticky boards was 0.239 per one cm2.[Conclusion] The red spots on young fruit of P. sinkangensis are caused by 1 st instar nymphs of Q. slavonicus. Important factors influencing the spread of this pest to P. sinkangensis orchards are the height of the poplar forest zone, the wind force,and the number of insects. Spots on pears during the P. sinkangensis fruit growing period(mid-July) were caused by 2 nd generation nymphs of Q. perniciosus.
[Objectives] To clarify the cause of the red spot on Pyrus sinkangensis, identify the scale insects that damage the fruit of this species and how these spread. [Methods] The damage caused by two kinds of scale insect were observed during the development of pear fruit by artificially inoculating P. sinkangensis at fixed points. The subsequent spread of these pests was monitored using the hanging yellow board method. [Results] During the the fruit growing period, second generation nymphs of Quadraspidiotus perniciosus crawl onto the fruit and cause the spots visible on the surface of fruit in the middle of July. Dark red spots occur where the fruit is reddish and dark green spots when damage occurs in unpigmented areas. Early stage fruit are harmed by 1 st instar nymphs of Quadraspidiotus slavonicus(Green). 1 st instar nymphs of this species drift on the wind to pear leaves and fruits from adjacent poplar forests causing red spots to appear on the surface of fruit in late May and early June. When the wind scale was about 2-3, 1 st instar nymphs of Q. slavonicus dispersed a maximum of 50 m and the mean number caught on yellow sticky boards under these conditions was 0.011 per one cm2. When the wind scale was about 5-6, 1 st instar nymph could disperse up to 150 m, and the mean number caught on yellow sticky boards was 0.239 per one cm2.[Conclusion] The red spots on young fruit of P. sinkangensis are caused by 1 st instar nymphs of Q. slavonicus. Important factors influencing the spread of this pest to P. sinkangensis orchards are the height of the poplar forest zone, the wind force,and the number of insects. Spots on pears during the P. sinkangensis fruit growing period(mid-July) were caused by 2 nd generation nymphs of Q. perniciosus.
引文
Fan MY,Wu JL,Li CQ,Zhang FH,Liu HG,Hu MR,Hu ZD,2004.The occurrence regularity and control methods of san jose scale,Diaspidiotus perniciosis(Comstock).Acta Agriculturae Borealioccidentalis Sinica,13(4):69-72,221.[樊民周,吴金亮,李长青,张富和,刘红刚,胡美绒,胡作栋.2004.梨枝圆盾蚧的发生规律和防治技术研究.西北农业学报,13(4):69-72,221.]
He XX,2008,Development trend and prevention and control measures of pear pests and diseases.Forestry of Xinjiang,34(3):44-45.[何晓霞,2008.香梨病虫害发生发展趋势及防治措施.新疆林业,34(3):44-45.]
He ZS,Guan XY,Zhang F,2017.The defeat and prevention of"Pyrus sinkangensisr"by Quadraspidiotus gigas(Thiem et Gemeck).Northern Fruits,40(4):41-42.[何子顺,关晓媛,张峰,2017.杨笠圆盾蚧对‘库尔勒香梨’的危害与防治.北方果树,40(4):41-42.]
Hu YY,Fu GB,Li CD,1986,Study on the distribution and spreading regularity of poplar scale in Suihua area.Journal of Northeast Forestry University,30(3):1-6.[胡隐月,付国斌,李成德.1986,绥化地区杨圆蚧分布和扩散蔓延规律的研究.东北林业大学学报,30(3):1-6.]
Huang SC,Liu ZC,1981.Research on Quadraspidiotus gigas(Thiem et Gemeck).Liaoning Forestry Science and Technology,8(5):34-39.[黄守才,刘志成,1981.杨笠圆盾蚧的研究.辽宁林业科技,8(5):34-39.]
Luo L,Wang L,Gao YQ,Yang YY,Liu P,Li JL,2016.Situation analysis of economic forest resources in Korla of Xinjiang.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science,43(36):227-229.[罗磊,王蕾,高亚琪,杨艺渊,刘鹏,李江霖,2015.新疆库尔勒市经济林资源现状分析.安徽农业科学,43(36):227-229.]
Liang T,Ashangjiang,Zhang QX,Li ZG,Cheng HM,1997.Biology and control Techniques of Quadraspidiotus perniciosus with fruit tree in Xinjang.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,43(3):152-153.[梁铁,艾山江,张启香,李志刚,托乎提,陈红梅,1997.新疆果树梨圆蚧的生物学特性及防治.昆虫知识,43(3):152-153.]
Tang FD,Zhou J,Sun ZX,Zhou HH,Qu BX,1980.The damage of forest belt of Quadraspidiotus slavonicus(Green)in the north of China.Shanxi Agricultural Science,20(4):8-11.[汤祊德,周静,孙占贤,周汉辉,屈邦选,1980.我国北部林带杨盾蚧为害纪实.山西农业科学,20(4):8-11.]
Tang ZT,Zhang DZ,1983.Wind of dispersal of nymphs of pine bast scale.Journal of Nanjing Forestry University,26(4):156-158.[唐祖庭,钱大正,1983.日本松干蚧的风力传播.南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),26(4):156-159.]
Yang L,2015.Based on muitispectral data of Kuerle fragrant pear planting area extraction research.Master dissertation.Urumqi:Xinjiang University.[杨辽,2015.基于多光谱数据的库尔勒香梨种植面积提取研究.硕士学位论文:乌鲁木齐.新疆大学.]
Zhang DF,2016.Studies on species identification,biological characteristics and chemical control of populus scale in 224 state farm,Xinjang.Master dissertation.Alaer:Tarim University.[张东风,2016.224团杨圆蚧种类鉴定、生物学特性及化学防治研究.硕士学位论文.阿拉尔:塔里木大学.]
Zhang K,Zhao YL,1984.The biological characters and control of Quadraspidiotus ostreaeformis(Curtis).Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,30(1):31-32.[张克,赵游丽,1984.杨笠圆盾蚧的生物学及其防治.昆虫知识,30(1):31-32.]
Zhang NQ,Yu LC,Geng JF,Zheng F,2011,The occurrence and prevention of Diaspidiotus perniciosis(Comstock).Plant Protection Technology and Promotion,22(6):20.[张乃琴,于凌春,耿建芬,郑芳,2001,梨圆蚧的发生与防治.植保技术与推广,22(6):20.]
Zhang XY,Luo YQ,Wang HB,2003.Major Forest Diseases and Insect Pests in China.Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House Press.300-302.[张星耀,骆有庆,王鸿斌,2003.中国森林重大生物灾害.北京:中国林业出版社.300-302.]
Zhang XZ,Qu BX,1983.The study on Quadraspidiotus slavonicus(Green)of preliminary in Shihezi.Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,19(4):1-7.[张学祖,屈邦选,1983.石河子市区杨盾蚧的初步研究.八一农学院学报,19(4):1-7.]
He XX,2008,Development trend and prevention and control measures of pear pests and diseases.Forestry of Xinjiang,34(3):44-45.[何晓霞,2008.香梨病虫害发生发展趋势及防治措施.新疆林业,34(3):44-45.]
He ZS,Guan XY,Zhang F,2017.The defeat and prevention of"Pyrus sinkangensisr"by Quadraspidiotus gigas(Thiem et Gemeck).Northern Fruits,40(4):41-42.[何子顺,关晓媛,张峰,2017.杨笠圆盾蚧对‘库尔勒香梨’的危害与防治.北方果树,40(4):41-42.]
Hu YY,Fu GB,Li CD,1986,Study on the distribution and spreading regularity of poplar scale in Suihua area.Journal of Northeast Forestry University,30(3):1-6.[胡隐月,付国斌,李成德.1986,绥化地区杨圆蚧分布和扩散蔓延规律的研究.东北林业大学学报,30(3):1-6.]
Huang SC,Liu ZC,1981.Research on Quadraspidiotus gigas(Thiem et Gemeck).Liaoning Forestry Science and Technology,8(5):34-39.[黄守才,刘志成,1981.杨笠圆盾蚧的研究.辽宁林业科技,8(5):34-39.]
Luo L,Wang L,Gao YQ,Yang YY,Liu P,Li JL,2016.Situation analysis of economic forest resources in Korla of Xinjiang.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science,43(36):227-229.[罗磊,王蕾,高亚琪,杨艺渊,刘鹏,李江霖,2015.新疆库尔勒市经济林资源现状分析.安徽农业科学,43(36):227-229.]
Liang T,Ashangjiang,Zhang QX,Li ZG,Cheng HM,1997.Biology and control Techniques of Quadraspidiotus perniciosus with fruit tree in Xinjang.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,43(3):152-153.[梁铁,艾山江,张启香,李志刚,托乎提,陈红梅,1997.新疆果树梨圆蚧的生物学特性及防治.昆虫知识,43(3):152-153.]
Tang FD,Zhou J,Sun ZX,Zhou HH,Qu BX,1980.The damage of forest belt of Quadraspidiotus slavonicus(Green)in the north of China.Shanxi Agricultural Science,20(4):8-11.[汤祊德,周静,孙占贤,周汉辉,屈邦选,1980.我国北部林带杨盾蚧为害纪实.山西农业科学,20(4):8-11.]
Tang ZT,Zhang DZ,1983.Wind of dispersal of nymphs of pine bast scale.Journal of Nanjing Forestry University,26(4):156-158.[唐祖庭,钱大正,1983.日本松干蚧的风力传播.南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),26(4):156-159.]
Yang L,2015.Based on muitispectral data of Kuerle fragrant pear planting area extraction research.Master dissertation.Urumqi:Xinjiang University.[杨辽,2015.基于多光谱数据的库尔勒香梨种植面积提取研究.硕士学位论文:乌鲁木齐.新疆大学.]
Zhang DF,2016.Studies on species identification,biological characteristics and chemical control of populus scale in 224 state farm,Xinjang.Master dissertation.Alaer:Tarim University.[张东风,2016.224团杨圆蚧种类鉴定、生物学特性及化学防治研究.硕士学位论文.阿拉尔:塔里木大学.]
Zhang K,Zhao YL,1984.The biological characters and control of Quadraspidiotus ostreaeformis(Curtis).Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,30(1):31-32.[张克,赵游丽,1984.杨笠圆盾蚧的生物学及其防治.昆虫知识,30(1):31-32.]
Zhang NQ,Yu LC,Geng JF,Zheng F,2011,The occurrence and prevention of Diaspidiotus perniciosis(Comstock).Plant Protection Technology and Promotion,22(6):20.[张乃琴,于凌春,耿建芬,郑芳,2001,梨圆蚧的发生与防治.植保技术与推广,22(6):20.]
Zhang XY,Luo YQ,Wang HB,2003.Major Forest Diseases and Insect Pests in China.Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House Press.300-302.[张星耀,骆有庆,王鸿斌,2003.中国森林重大生物灾害.北京:中国林业出版社.300-302.]
Zhang XZ,Qu BX,1983.The study on Quadraspidiotus slavonicus(Green)of preliminary in Shihezi.Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,19(4):1-7.[张学祖,屈邦选,1983.石河子市区杨盾蚧的初步研究.八一农学院学报,19(4):1-7.]
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |