黄海桑沟湾水体及沉积物中微塑料污染特征研究
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摘要
近年来,有关海洋环境中微塑料污染的研究不断增多,但对高强度人类活动影响下的海湾水体和沉积物中微塑料的研究仍少见报道。为了研究人类养殖活动和水动力对海湾微塑料污染特征和空间分布的影响,本文于2017年12月调查了规模化养殖活动结束后桑沟湾水体及沉积物中的微塑料污染特征。结果表明,桑沟湾水体和沉积物中微塑料类型主要为纤维类、碎片类、薄膜类、发泡类和颗粒类;水体和沉积物中微塑料的丰度范围分别为1. 8～31. 2 N/L和31. 2～1246. 8 N/kg;微塑料的平均颗粒大小分别为0. 51±0. 2 mm和1. 54±1. 02 mm。从桑沟湾微塑料污染的空间分布特征来看,其丰度高值区主要出现在近岸海域,并且微塑料的丰度由湾内向外海递减的趋势。桑沟湾微塑料丰度和空间分布的异质性主要受海水养殖、生活和航运等人类活动排放和水动力的影响。未来需要进行更加精细化的取样分析,以充分认识海湾生态系统中微塑料污染的时空分布特征。
In recent years,research on microplastics pollution in the marine environment has been increasing,but studies on microplastics in water bodies and sediments of the bay under the influence of high-intensity human activities are still rarely reported. In this study,the pollution characteristics of microplastics in the wayer and sediments of Sanggou bay were investigated in December 2017,after the harvest of large-scale aquaculture,with the aim to study the effects of aquaculture activities and hydrodynamics on pollution characteristics and spatial distribution of microplastics in the bay. The results showed that the types of microplastics in the water and sediments of Sanggou bay were mainly fibers,fragments,films,foams and particles. The microplastic abundances in the water and sediments were1. 8 ～ 31. 2 N/L,31. 2 ～ 1246. 8 N/kg,respectively. The average particle sizes of microplastics in water and sediments were 0. 51 ± 0. 20 mm and 1. 54 ± 1. 02 mm,respectively. The results of spatial distribution of microplastics in Sanggou bay showed that the high abundance area mainly appears in the inshore waters,and the abundance of microplastics tends to decrease from the inner areas of estuary to the outshore areas. The heterogeneity of microplastic abundance and spatial distribution in Sanggou bay is mainly affected by human activities such as aquaculture,living and shipping,as well as hydrodynamics. In the future,fine sampling and analysis are needed to fully understand the temporal and spatial distribution of microplastics pollution in the bay areas.
In recent years,research on microplastics pollution in the marine environment has been increasing,but studies on microplastics in water bodies and sediments of the bay under the influence of high-intensity human activities are still rarely reported. In this study,the pollution characteristics of microplastics in the wayer and sediments of Sanggou bay were investigated in December 2017,after the harvest of large-scale aquaculture,with the aim to study the effects of aquaculture activities and hydrodynamics on pollution characteristics and spatial distribution of microplastics in the bay. The results showed that the types of microplastics in the water and sediments of Sanggou bay were mainly fibers,fragments,films,foams and particles. The microplastic abundances in the water and sediments were1. 8 ～ 31. 2 N/L,31. 2 ～ 1246. 8 N/kg,respectively. The average particle sizes of microplastics in water and sediments were 0. 51 ± 0. 20 mm and 1. 54 ± 1. 02 mm,respectively. The results of spatial distribution of microplastics in Sanggou bay showed that the high abundance area mainly appears in the inshore waters,and the abundance of microplastics tends to decrease from the inner areas of estuary to the outshore areas. The heterogeneity of microplastic abundance and spatial distribution in Sanggou bay is mainly affected by human activities such as aquaculture,living and shipping,as well as hydrodynamics. In the future,fine sampling and analysis are needed to fully understand the temporal and spatial distribution of microplastics pollution in the bay areas.
引文
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[2]BARNES D K A. Biodiversity:invasions by marine life on plasticdebris[J]. Nature,2002,416(6883):808-809.
[3] ERIKSEN M,LEBRETON L C M,CARSON H S,et al. Plasticpollution in the World's oceans:more than 5 trillion plastic piecesweighing over 250,000 tons afloat at sea[J]. PLo S One,2014,9(12):e111913.
[4]DO SULJ A I,COSTA M F,BARLETTA M,et al. Pelagic micro-plastics around an archipelago of the Equatorial Atlantic[J]. Ma-rine Pollution Bulletin,2013,75(1/2):305-309.
[5]LAW K L,MORT-FERGUSON F S,MAXIMENKO N A,et al.Plastic accumulation in the north Atlantic subtropical gyre[J].Science,2010,329(5996):1185-1188.
[6]LUSHER A L,TIRELLI V,O’CONNOR I,et al. Microplastics inArctic polar waters:the first reported values of particles in surfaceand sub-surface samples[J]. Scientific Reports,2015,5:14947.
[7] ERIKSEN M,MAXIMENKO N,THIEL M,et al. Plastic pollu-tion in the South Pacific subtropical gyre[J]. Marine PollutionBulletin,2013,68(1/2):71-76.
[8]VAN CAUWENBERGHE L,VANREUSEL A,MESS J,et al. Mi-croplastic pollution in deep-sea sediments[J]. EnvironmentalPollution,2013,182:495-499.
[9] NEVES D,SOBRAL,FERREIRA J L,et al. Ingestion of micro-plastics by commercial fish off the Portuguese coast[J]. MarinePollution Bulletin,2015,101(1):119-126.
[10]ZHOU Q,ZHANG H B,FU C C,et al. The distribution and mor-phology of microplastics in coastal soils adjacent to the BohaiSea and the Yellow Sea[J]. Geoderma,2018,322:201-208.
[11]LI J N,QU X Y,SU L,et al. Microplastics in mussels along thecoastal waters of China[J]. Environmental Pollution,2016,214:177-184.
[12]李瑞环.生态养殖活动下营养盐动力学研究—以桑沟湾为例[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.
[13]史洁,魏皓,赵亮,等.桑沟湾多元养殖生态模型研究:Ⅲ海带养殖容量的数值研究[J].渔业科学进展,2010,31(4):43-52.
[14]闫哲,任景玲,刘素美,等.桑沟湾总溶解态无机砷的分布与季节变化[J].海洋环境科学,2008,27(5):432-436.
[15]周倩.典型滨海潮滩及近海环境中微塑料污染特征与生态风险[D].烟台:中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所,2016.
[16]BROWNE M A,CRUMP P,NIVEN S J,et al. Accumulation ofmicroplastic on shorelines woldwide:sources and sinks[J]. En-vironmental Science&Technology,2011,45(21):9175-9179.
[17]周倩,田崇国,骆永明.滨海城市大气环境中发现多种微塑料及其沉降通量差异[J].科学通报,2017,62(33):3902-3909.
[18]FRRE L,PAUL-PONT I,RINNERT E,et al. Influence of envi-ronmental and anthropogenic factors on the composition,concen-tration and spatial distribution of microplastics:A case study ofthe Bay of Brest(Brittany,France)[J]. Environmental Pollu-tion,2017,225:211-222.
[19] BAGAEV A,MIZYUK L,KHATMULLINA L,et al. Anthropo-genic fibres in the Baltic Sea water column:field data,laboratoryand numerical testing of their motion[J]. Science of the TotalEnvironment,2017,599/600:560-571.
[20]LUSHER A L,TIRELLI V,O’CONNOR I,et al. Microplasticsin Arctic polar waters:the first reported values of particles insurface and sub-surface samples[J]. Scientific Reports,2015,5:14947.