改性玄武岩纤维的制备及其挂膜性能
|
摘要
以不同表面活性剂作为分散剂,采用物理涂覆法对玄武岩纤维(BF)进行表面改性处理,得到3种改性玄武岩纤维(MBF)。以FTIR、光学接触角分析仪和SEM分别研究了BF和MBF的表面官能团、亲水性和微观形貌的变化。计算了载体的挂膜率和残余挂膜率,以光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了BF和MBF的生物膜生长情况,讨论了不同表面处理对BF挂膜性能的影响。结果表明:经表面改性处理后,MBF的表面亲水性和水中分散性得到有效改善,其中经阳离子型表面活性剂(十六烷基三甲基氯化铵,CTAC)改性的玄武岩纤维(MBFC)具有最佳亲水性和水中分散效果,接触角由133.57°(BF)下降至62.52°(MBF-C)。挂膜实验结果表明,3种表面活性剂对BF的表面改性处理均有助于增加微生物的附着量和提升附着强度,其中改性后的MBF-C挂膜率为256.25%,残余挂膜率为41.28%,具有最优的挂膜效果。
Basalt fibers(BF)were modified by physical coating method with three different surfactants.The surface functional groups,hydrophilicity and micro-morphology of raw BF and as-prepared modified basalt fibers(MBF)were characterized by FTIR spectra,optical contact angle analysis and SEM,respectively.Furthermore,the immobilization rate and residual immobilization rate of BF and MBF samples were calculated and biofilm development of BF and MBF were observed by optical microscope and SEM to assess the effects on the immobilization effect of MBF.The results show that the hydrophilicity and dispersion of MBF are efficiently improved in water.Among the modified basalt fibers,the modified basalt fiber modified with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride(CTAC)(MBF-C)has optimal hydrophilicity and dispersion.The contact angle decreases from 133.57°(BF)to 62.52°(MBF-C).The microorganism immobilization test results illustrate that all three modifications are conductive to increase the microorganism loading and adhesion strength of BF.In addition,the MBF-C possesses an optimal immobilization effect that the immobilization rate and residual immobilization rate reach up to 256.25% and 41.28%,respectively.
Basalt fibers(BF)were modified by physical coating method with three different surfactants.The surface functional groups,hydrophilicity and micro-morphology of raw BF and as-prepared modified basalt fibers(MBF)were characterized by FTIR spectra,optical contact angle analysis and SEM,respectively.Furthermore,the immobilization rate and residual immobilization rate of BF and MBF samples were calculated and biofilm development of BF and MBF were observed by optical microscope and SEM to assess the effects on the immobilization effect of MBF.The results show that the hydrophilicity and dispersion of MBF are efficiently improved in water.Among the modified basalt fibers,the modified basalt fiber modified with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride(CTAC)(MBF-C)has optimal hydrophilicity and dispersion.The contact angle decreases from 133.57°(BF)to 62.52°(MBF-C).The microorganism immobilization test results illustrate that all three modifications are conductive to increase the microorganism loading and adhesion strength of BF.In addition,the MBF-C possesses an optimal immobilization effect that the immobilization rate and residual immobilization rate reach up to 256.25% and 41.28%,respectively.
引文
[1] TANG K,OOI G T,LITTY K,et al.Removal of pharmaceuticals in conventionally treated wastewater by apolishing moving bed biofilm reactor(MBBR)with intermittent feeding[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,236:77-86.
[2] CHATTERJEE P,GHANGREKAR M M,RAO S.Development of anammox process for removal of nitrogen from wastewater in a novel self-sustainable biofilm reactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,218:723-730.
[3] FELFLDI T,JURECSKA L,VAJNA B,et al.Texture and type of polymer fiber carrier determine bacterial colonization and biofilm properties in wastewater treatment[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,264:824-834.
[4] SHORE J L,M’COY W S,GUNSCH C K,et al.Application of a moving bed biofilm reactor for tertiary ammonia treatment in high temperature industrial wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,112(5):51-60.
[5] ROY D,MCEVOY J,BLONIGEN M,et al.Seasonal variation and ex-situ nitrification activity of ammonia oxidizing archaea in biofilm based wastewater treatment processes[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,244(Pt 1):850-859.
[6] SUKAˇCOVK,TRTLEK M,RATAJ T.Phosphorus removal using a microalgal biofilm in a new biofilm photobioreactor for tertiary wastewater treatment[J]. Water Research,2015,71:55-63.
[7] ARYA V,PHILIP L,BHALLAMUDI S M.Performance of suspended and attached growth bioreactors for the removal of cationic and anionic pharmaceuticals[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,284:1295-1307.
[8] TERADA A,YUASA A,KUSHIMOTO T,et al.Bacterial adhesion to and viability on positively charged polymer surfaces[J].Microbiology,2006,152(Pt 12):3575-3583.
[9] MAO Y,QUAN X,ZHAO H,et al.Accelerated startup of moving bed biofilm process with novel electrophilic suspended biofilm carriers[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,315:364-372.
[10] TERADA A,OKUYAMA K,NISHIKAWA M,et al.The effect of surface charge property on Escherichia coli initial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation[J].Biotechnology&Bioengineering,2012,109(7):1745-1754.
[11] BUSALMEN J P,VALCARCE M B,SANCHEZ S R D.Importance of surface chemistry in bacterial adhesion to metals and biocorrosion:Corrosion reviews[J]. Corrosion Reviews,2004,22(4):277-306.
[12] JEONG Y,HERMANOWICZ S W,PARK C.Treatment of food waste recycling wastewater using anaerobic ceramic membrane bioreactor for biogas production in mainstream treatment process of domestic wastewater[J]. Water Research,2017,123:86-95.
[13] KOCH B,OSTERMANN M,HKE H,et al.Sand and activated carbon as biofilm carriers for microbial degradation of phenols and nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds[J].Water Research,1991,25(1):1-8.
[14] ZHANG Y M,LIU H,SHI W,et al.Photo biodegradation of phenol with ultraviolet irradiation of new ceramic biofilm carriers[J].Biodegradation,2010,21(6):881-887.
[15] MATSUMOTO S,OHTAKI A,HORI K.Carbon fiber as an excellent support material for wastewater treatment biofilms[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2012,46(18):10175-10181.
[16] JURECSKA L,BARKCS K,VA KISS,et al.Intensification of wastewater treatment with polymer fiber-based biofilm carriers[J].Microchemical Journal,2013,107(7):108-114.
[17] CHEN Y P,ZHANG P,GUO J S,et al.Functional groups characteristics of EPS in biofilm growing on different carriers[J].Chemosphere,2013,92(6):633-638.
[18] QUAN F,WANG Y,WANG T,et al.Effects of packing rates of cubic-shaped polyurethane foam carriers on the microbial community and the removal of organics and nitrogen in moving bed biofilm reactors[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,117(10):201-207.
[19] SIM J,PARK C,MOON D Y.Characteristics of basalt fiber as a strengthening material for concrete structures[J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2005,36(6-7):504-512.
[20] WEI B,CAO H,SONG S.Degradation of basalt fibre and glass fibre/epoxy resin composites in seawater[J].Corrosion Science,2011,53(1):426-431.
[21]蒋霞,吴春笃,吴智仁,等.玄武岩纤维载体生物接触氧化工艺处理印染废水[J].工业水处理,2016,36(1):78-82.JIANG Xia,WU Chundu,WU Zhiren,et al.Treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater through biological contact oxidation process using basalt fiber as carrier[J].Industrial Water Treatment,2016,36(1):78-82(in Chinese).
[22] WEI B,CAO H,SONG S.Surface modification and characterization of basalt fibers with hybrid sizings[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science&Manufacturing,2011,42(1):22-29.
[23]叶国锐,晏义伍,曹海琳.氧化石墨烯改性玄武岩纤维及其增强环氧树脂复合材料性能[J].复合材料学报,2014,31(6):1402-1408.YE G R,YAN Y W,CAO H L.Basalt fiber modified with graphene oxide and properties of its reinforced epoxy composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2014,31(6):1402-1408(in Chinese).
[24]张运华,姚丽萍,徐仕进,等.表面处理玄武岩纤维增强水泥基复合材料力学性能[J].复合材料学报,2017,34(5):1159-1166.ZHANG Y H,YAO L P,XU S J,et al.Mechanical properties of cement matrix composites reinforced with surface treated basalt fibers[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2017,34(5):1159-1166(in Chinese).
[25]胡志军,王松凌,杨柳青,等.不同化学处理对碳纤维分散及成纸性能的影响[J].纸和造纸,2010,29(7):19-21.HU Z J,WANG S L,YANG L Q,et al.Effect of different chemical treatments on the dispersion properties of carbon fiber and paper properties[J].Paper and Paper Making,2010,29(7):19-21(in Chinese).
[26]黄一磊,胡健,郑炽嵩,等.ξ电位对玻璃纤维分散的影响[J].造纸科学与技术,2004,23(1):31-33.HUANG Y L,HU J,ZHENG Z S,et al.The effect ofξpotential on the dispersion properties of glass fiber[J].Paper Science&Technology,2004,23(1):31-33(in Chinese).
[27] FERNNDEZ M R,CASABONA M G,ANUPAMA V N,et al.PDMS-based porous particles as support beds for cell immobilization:Bacterial biofilm formation as a function of porosity and polymer composition[J].Colloids&Surfaces B Biointerfaces,2010,81(1):289-296.
[2] CHATTERJEE P,GHANGREKAR M M,RAO S.Development of anammox process for removal of nitrogen from wastewater in a novel self-sustainable biofilm reactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,218:723-730.
[3] FELFLDI T,JURECSKA L,VAJNA B,et al.Texture and type of polymer fiber carrier determine bacterial colonization and biofilm properties in wastewater treatment[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,264:824-834.
[4] SHORE J L,M’COY W S,GUNSCH C K,et al.Application of a moving bed biofilm reactor for tertiary ammonia treatment in high temperature industrial wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,112(5):51-60.
[5] ROY D,MCEVOY J,BLONIGEN M,et al.Seasonal variation and ex-situ nitrification activity of ammonia oxidizing archaea in biofilm based wastewater treatment processes[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,244(Pt 1):850-859.
[6] SUKAˇCOVK,TRTLEK M,RATAJ T.Phosphorus removal using a microalgal biofilm in a new biofilm photobioreactor for tertiary wastewater treatment[J]. Water Research,2015,71:55-63.
[7] ARYA V,PHILIP L,BHALLAMUDI S M.Performance of suspended and attached growth bioreactors for the removal of cationic and anionic pharmaceuticals[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,284:1295-1307.
[8] TERADA A,YUASA A,KUSHIMOTO T,et al.Bacterial adhesion to and viability on positively charged polymer surfaces[J].Microbiology,2006,152(Pt 12):3575-3583.
[9] MAO Y,QUAN X,ZHAO H,et al.Accelerated startup of moving bed biofilm process with novel electrophilic suspended biofilm carriers[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,315:364-372.
[10] TERADA A,OKUYAMA K,NISHIKAWA M,et al.The effect of surface charge property on Escherichia coli initial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation[J].Biotechnology&Bioengineering,2012,109(7):1745-1754.
[11] BUSALMEN J P,VALCARCE M B,SANCHEZ S R D.Importance of surface chemistry in bacterial adhesion to metals and biocorrosion:Corrosion reviews[J]. Corrosion Reviews,2004,22(4):277-306.
[12] JEONG Y,HERMANOWICZ S W,PARK C.Treatment of food waste recycling wastewater using anaerobic ceramic membrane bioreactor for biogas production in mainstream treatment process of domestic wastewater[J]. Water Research,2017,123:86-95.
[13] KOCH B,OSTERMANN M,HKE H,et al.Sand and activated carbon as biofilm carriers for microbial degradation of phenols and nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds[J].Water Research,1991,25(1):1-8.
[14] ZHANG Y M,LIU H,SHI W,et al.Photo biodegradation of phenol with ultraviolet irradiation of new ceramic biofilm carriers[J].Biodegradation,2010,21(6):881-887.
[15] MATSUMOTO S,OHTAKI A,HORI K.Carbon fiber as an excellent support material for wastewater treatment biofilms[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2012,46(18):10175-10181.
[16] JURECSKA L,BARKCS K,VA KISS,et al.Intensification of wastewater treatment with polymer fiber-based biofilm carriers[J].Microchemical Journal,2013,107(7):108-114.
[17] CHEN Y P,ZHANG P,GUO J S,et al.Functional groups characteristics of EPS in biofilm growing on different carriers[J].Chemosphere,2013,92(6):633-638.
[18] QUAN F,WANG Y,WANG T,et al.Effects of packing rates of cubic-shaped polyurethane foam carriers on the microbial community and the removal of organics and nitrogen in moving bed biofilm reactors[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,117(10):201-207.
[19] SIM J,PARK C,MOON D Y.Characteristics of basalt fiber as a strengthening material for concrete structures[J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2005,36(6-7):504-512.
[20] WEI B,CAO H,SONG S.Degradation of basalt fibre and glass fibre/epoxy resin composites in seawater[J].Corrosion Science,2011,53(1):426-431.
[21]蒋霞,吴春笃,吴智仁,等.玄武岩纤维载体生物接触氧化工艺处理印染废水[J].工业水处理,2016,36(1):78-82.JIANG Xia,WU Chundu,WU Zhiren,et al.Treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater through biological contact oxidation process using basalt fiber as carrier[J].Industrial Water Treatment,2016,36(1):78-82(in Chinese).
[22] WEI B,CAO H,SONG S.Surface modification and characterization of basalt fibers with hybrid sizings[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science&Manufacturing,2011,42(1):22-29.
[23]叶国锐,晏义伍,曹海琳.氧化石墨烯改性玄武岩纤维及其增强环氧树脂复合材料性能[J].复合材料学报,2014,31(6):1402-1408.YE G R,YAN Y W,CAO H L.Basalt fiber modified with graphene oxide and properties of its reinforced epoxy composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2014,31(6):1402-1408(in Chinese).
[24]张运华,姚丽萍,徐仕进,等.表面处理玄武岩纤维增强水泥基复合材料力学性能[J].复合材料学报,2017,34(5):1159-1166.ZHANG Y H,YAO L P,XU S J,et al.Mechanical properties of cement matrix composites reinforced with surface treated basalt fibers[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2017,34(5):1159-1166(in Chinese).
[25]胡志军,王松凌,杨柳青,等.不同化学处理对碳纤维分散及成纸性能的影响[J].纸和造纸,2010,29(7):19-21.HU Z J,WANG S L,YANG L Q,et al.Effect of different chemical treatments on the dispersion properties of carbon fiber and paper properties[J].Paper and Paper Making,2010,29(7):19-21(in Chinese).
[26]黄一磊,胡健,郑炽嵩,等.ξ电位对玻璃纤维分散的影响[J].造纸科学与技术,2004,23(1):31-33.HUANG Y L,HU J,ZHENG Z S,et al.The effect ofξpotential on the dispersion properties of glass fiber[J].Paper Science&Technology,2004,23(1):31-33(in Chinese).
[27] FERNNDEZ M R,CASABONA M G,ANUPAMA V N,et al.PDMS-based porous particles as support beds for cell immobilization:Bacterial biofilm formation as a function of porosity and polymer composition[J].Colloids&Surfaces B Biointerfaces,2010,81(1):289-296.