重庆市主城区大气中NO_2浓度时空分布特征
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摘要
利用2017年1月1日～2017年12月31日重庆市主城区17个国控空气质量监测站24 h自动连续采样的二氧化氮(NO_2)浓度小时数据,探讨九个主城区大气中NO_2浓度的时空分布特征、与气象参数之间的关系和气团运动的影响。结果表明,主城区大气NO_2浓度全年北碚区达标率较高(76.16%),渝中区达标率低(3.84%),日均浓度呈夏季前下降、夏季后上升的趋势;月均浓度表现为冬季月份浓度高,其次为春季、秋季和夏季月份;周六、周日、周一和周二的浓度均值较高,周三、周四和周五的较低;小时浓度基本呈5:00～11:00和16:00～20:00上升、其余时间段下降的变化趋势;大气NO_2浓度空间分布差异显著,西北地区(北碚)大气NO_2浓度偏低、渝中区及其附近区域浓度偏高。影响大气中的NO_2浓度的主要气象因素有:气温、降水量、气压、日照和相对湿度;四季气流输送中,春冬季气流轨迹相似,主要源自西部、西北部气流,春季气流轨迹的ρ(NO_2)最高,夏季最低。研究结果可为今后重庆市大气的治理提供研究基础。
Characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution of atmospheric NO_(2 )in nine main urban areas of Chongqing during 2017 were analyzed based on data from automatic continuous sampling results of 17 state stations of air quality monitoring, and relationships between concentrations of ambient NO_2 and meteorological parameters and movements of air mass were discussed. The results showed that the compliance rate of measured NO_2 concentration according to the grade II Ambient Air Quality Standard of China was highest(76.16%) in the Beibei district and was lowest(3.84%) in the Yuzhang district. The 24-hour mean concentrations of atmospheric NO_2 were lowest in summer. The monthly average concentration of NO_2 was highest in winter, and decreased in the trend of spring, autumn, and summer. The daily average concentration of NO_2 was relatively high on days of Saturday, Sunday, Monday and Tuesday, and was relatively low on days of Friday, Wednesday and Thursday. The hourly average concentrations of NO_2 showed increasing trends during periods of 5:00-11:00 and 16:00-20:00, and showed decreasing trends during other times. The Spatial distribution of NO_2 concentration varied significantly, NO_2 concentrations were low in the northwest region(Beibei district) and were high in the Yuzhong district and its vicinities. Air temperature, precipitation, air pressure, sunshine and relative humidity affected NO_2 concentration significantly. Airflow trajectories were similar in spring and winter, mainly western or northwestern airflows. The average concentration of NO_2 in airflow was highest in spring and lowest in summer. The research results provided important data for future air pollution controlling in the Chongqing city.
Characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution of atmospheric NO_(2 )in nine main urban areas of Chongqing during 2017 were analyzed based on data from automatic continuous sampling results of 17 state stations of air quality monitoring, and relationships between concentrations of ambient NO_2 and meteorological parameters and movements of air mass were discussed. The results showed that the compliance rate of measured NO_2 concentration according to the grade II Ambient Air Quality Standard of China was highest(76.16%) in the Beibei district and was lowest(3.84%) in the Yuzhang district. The 24-hour mean concentrations of atmospheric NO_2 were lowest in summer. The monthly average concentration of NO_2 was highest in winter, and decreased in the trend of spring, autumn, and summer. The daily average concentration of NO_2 was relatively high on days of Saturday, Sunday, Monday and Tuesday, and was relatively low on days of Friday, Wednesday and Thursday. The hourly average concentrations of NO_2 showed increasing trends during periods of 5:00-11:00 and 16:00-20:00, and showed decreasing trends during other times. The Spatial distribution of NO_2 concentration varied significantly, NO_2 concentrations were low in the northwest region(Beibei district) and were high in the Yuzhong district and its vicinities. Air temperature, precipitation, air pressure, sunshine and relative humidity affected NO_2 concentration significantly. Airflow trajectories were similar in spring and winter, mainly western or northwestern airflows. The average concentration of NO_2 in airflow was highest in spring and lowest in summer. The research results provided important data for future air pollution controlling in the Chongqing city.
引文
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[21] Duo B, Cui L, Wang Z, et al. Observations of atmospheric pollutants at Lhasa during 2014-2015: Pollution status and the influence of meteorological factors[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2018, 63(1): 28-42.
[22] 李琛, 刘瑾, 张继林. 气象因素对汉中市城区空气污染的影响[J]. 环境与健康杂志, 2017, 34(3): 234-238.
[23] 周彬, 刘端阳, 魏建苏, 等. 降水对气溶胶颗粒物清除作用的初步分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(Z1): 160-170.
[24] Cugeronea K, Michele C D, Ghezzi A, et al. Aerosol removal due to precipitation and wind forcings in Milan urban area[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2017, 556(1): 1256-1262..
[25] McDonald A G, Bealey W J, Fowler D, et al. Quantifying the effect of urban tree planting on concentrations and depositions of PM10 in two UK conurbations[J].Atmospheric Environment, 2007, 41(38): 8455-8467.
[2] Wei P, Ren Z, Su F, et al. Environmental process and convergence belt of atmospheric NO2 pollution in north China[J]. Acta Meteoroligica Sinica, 2011, 25(6): 797-811.
[3] 郭伟, 程燕, 樊巍, 等. 西安市大气污染物浓度特征及影响因素分析[J]. 地球环境学报, 2014, 5(4): 235-242.
[4] 梅世玉, 麻金继, 张鑫. APEC期间京津冀地区NO2浓度的时空变化特征研究[J]. 大气与环境光学学报, 2016, 11(4): 281-287.
[5] 魏玉香, 童尧青, 银燕, 等. 南京SO2、NO2和PM10变化特征及其与气象条件的关系[J].大气科学学报, 2009, 32(9): 451-457.
[6] Huang W, Long E, Wang J, et al. Characterizing spatial distribution and temporal variation of PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentrations in an urban area of Southwest China[J]. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 2015, 6: 842-848.
[7] 符传博, 陈有龙, 丹利, 等. 近10 年海南岛大气NO2的时空变化及污染物来源解析[J]. 环境科学,2015, 36(1): 18-23.
[8] 周国兵, 王式功. 重庆市主城区空气污染天气特征研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2010, 19(11): 1345-1349.
[9] 徐龙君, 兰劲涛. 重庆市酸雨规律分析及防治对策[J]. 矿业安全与环保, 2005, 32(5): 16-19.
[10] 王同桂. 重庆市大气PM2.5污染特征及来源解析[D]. 重庆: 重庆大学, 2007.
[11] 潘纯珍, 陈刚才,杨清玲, 等. 重庆市地区道路PM10/PM2.5浓度分布特征研究[J]. 西南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, 26(5): 576-580.
[12] 李杰, 范毅, 曾雪梅. 重庆市南岸区环境空气质量现状及变化趋势研究[J]. 西南师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 25(4): 184-189.
[13] 叶堤, 陈刚才, 陶俊, 等. 重庆市春季大气NO2浓度空间分布特征研究[J]. 四川环境, 2005, 24(1): 34-37.
[14] 孟小峰, 徐刚. 重庆主城区空气质量时空分布及原因分析[J]. 亚热带资源与环境学报, 2010, 5(4): 37-42.
[15] Wang Y Q, Zhang X Y, Draxler R R.TrajStat: GIS-based software that uses various trajectory statistical analysis methods to identify potential sources from long-term air pollution measurement data [J]. Environmental Modeling & Software, 2009, 24(8): 938-939.
[16] Shan W, Yin Y, Lu H, et al. A meteorological analysis of ozone episodes using HYSPLIT model and surface data[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2009, 93(4): 767-776.
[17] 中华人民共和国环境保护部和国家质量监督检验检疫局. GB 3095-2012环境空气质量标准[S]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2012.
[18] 徐鹏, 郝庆菊, 吉东生, 等. 重庆市北碚大气中PM2.5、NOx、SO2和 O3浓度变化特征研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2016, 36(5): 1539-1547.
[19] 杨显双. 重庆市北碚区SO2、NO2变化趋势及影响因素分析研究[J]. 环境科学与管理, 2016, 41(2): 50-53.
[20] 刘永林, 孙启民, 钟明洋, 等. 重庆市主城区PM2.5时空分布特征[J]. 环境科学, 2016, 37(4): 1199-1129.
[21] Duo B, Cui L, Wang Z, et al. Observations of atmospheric pollutants at Lhasa during 2014-2015: Pollution status and the influence of meteorological factors[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2018, 63(1): 28-42.
[22] 李琛, 刘瑾, 张继林. 气象因素对汉中市城区空气污染的影响[J]. 环境与健康杂志, 2017, 34(3): 234-238.
[23] 周彬, 刘端阳, 魏建苏, 等. 降水对气溶胶颗粒物清除作用的初步分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(Z1): 160-170.
[24] Cugeronea K, Michele C D, Ghezzi A, et al. Aerosol removal due to precipitation and wind forcings in Milan urban area[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2017, 556(1): 1256-1262..
[25] McDonald A G, Bealey W J, Fowler D, et al. Quantifying the effect of urban tree planting on concentrations and depositions of PM10 in two UK conurbations[J].Atmospheric Environment, 2007, 41(38): 8455-8467.