砂岩循环加卸载下损伤特性及声发射Kaiser效应研究
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摘要
为了获得砂岩循环加卸载路径下损伤特性和声发射Kaiser效应特征,开展了不同围压下砂岩循环加卸载声发射试验;从轴向应力、加载应力水平、能量耗散损伤角度,研究了三轴循环加卸载下声发射的不可逆比变化规律;评价了三轴循环加卸载下岩石Kaiser效应判断方法。结果表明:循环加卸载下耗散能损伤参数能较好地反映岩石的渐进损伤破坏,基于耗散能损伤参数的计算,能较好地反映岩石不同阶段的损伤特性,避免了应变参数计算损伤时压密阶段损伤值异常增大的现象。从应力水平、能量损伤角度分析声发射FR,更真实地反映岩石声发射Kaiser效应,随着围压增大Kaiser效应失效的应力提前,同一应力水平、相同能量损伤下,围压越大FR越小,声发射不可逆性随围压增大逐渐变得模糊。
In order to obtain the damage characteristics and Kaiser effect characteristics of sandstone under cyclic loading and unloading conditions,a series of tests on characteristics of acoustic emission( AE) have been performed on sandstone under different confining pressures.From the perspective of axial stress,the loading stress level and the energy dissipation damage,the variation of acoustic emission Felicity Ratio( FR) are studied under triaxial cyclic loading and unloading conditions. The reasonable judgment methods of rock Kaiser effect are evaluated under triaxial cyclic loading and unloading conditions.The results show that the dissipative energy damage parameters under cyclic loading and unloading can better reflect the progressive damage of rock failure under different confining pressure.Based on the calculation of dissipative energy damage parameters,it can better reflect the damage characteristics of different stages of rock and avoid the damage calculation of strain parameters and avoid the abnormal increase of damage value in the case of calculating damage using strain damage parameter.Evaluating acoustic emission( FR) can reflect the Kaiser effect of rock more accurately from aspects of the loading stress level and the energy damage.The stress of Kaiser effect failure increases with the increase of confining pressure.The acoustic emission( FR) decreases as the confining pressure increase under the same stress level and the same energy damage,and acoustic emission irreversibility becomes gradually blurry with the increase of confining pressure.
In order to obtain the damage characteristics and Kaiser effect characteristics of sandstone under cyclic loading and unloading conditions,a series of tests on characteristics of acoustic emission( AE) have been performed on sandstone under different confining pressures.From the perspective of axial stress,the loading stress level and the energy dissipation damage,the variation of acoustic emission Felicity Ratio( FR) are studied under triaxial cyclic loading and unloading conditions. The reasonable judgment methods of rock Kaiser effect are evaluated under triaxial cyclic loading and unloading conditions.The results show that the dissipative energy damage parameters under cyclic loading and unloading can better reflect the progressive damage of rock failure under different confining pressure.Based on the calculation of dissipative energy damage parameters,it can better reflect the damage characteristics of different stages of rock and avoid the damage calculation of strain parameters and avoid the abnormal increase of damage value in the case of calculating damage using strain damage parameter.Evaluating acoustic emission( FR) can reflect the Kaiser effect of rock more accurately from aspects of the loading stress level and the energy damage.The stress of Kaiser effect failure increases with the increase of confining pressure.The acoustic emission( FR) decreases as the confining pressure increase under the same stress level and the same energy damage,and acoustic emission irreversibility becomes gradually blurry with the increase of confining pressure.
引文
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[12]雷涛,周科平,胡建华,等.卸荷岩体力学参数劣化规律的细观损伤分析[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2013,44(1):275-281.LEI Tao,ZHOU Keping,HU Jianhua,et al.Mechanics parameters deterioration laws of unloading rock mass by meso-damage mechanics[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2013,44(1):275-281.
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[15]彭瑞东,鞠杨,高峰,等.三轴循环加卸载下煤岩损伤的能量机制分析[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):245-252.PENG Ruidong,JU Yang,GAO Feng,et al.Energy analysis on damage of coal under cyclical triaxial loading and unloading conditions[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):245-252.
[16]李浩然,杨春和,刘玉刚,等.花岗岩破裂过程中声波与声发射变化特征试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(10):1915-1923.LI Haoran,YANG Chunhe,LIU Yugang,et al.Experimental research on ultrasonic velocity and acoustic emission properties of granite under failure process[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(10):1915-1923.
[17]吴胜兴,张顺祥,沈德建.混凝土轴心受拉声发射Kaiser效应试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(4):31-39.WU Shengxing,ZHANG Shunxiang,SHEN Dejian.An experimental study on Kaiser effect of acoustic emission in concrete under uniaxial tension loading[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2008,41(4):31-39.
[18]曾鹏,纪洪广,孙利辉,等.不同围压下岩石声发射不可逆性及其主破裂前特征信息试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(7):1333-1340.ZENG Peng,JI Hongguang,SUN Lihui,et al.Experimental study on characteristics of irreversibility and fracture precursors of acoustic emission in rock under different confining pressures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(7):1333-1340.
[19]付斌,周宗红,王海泉,等.大理岩单轴循环加卸载破坏声发射先兆信息研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(8):1946-1953.FU Bin,ZHOU Zonghong,WANG Haiquan,et al.Precursor information study on acoustic emission characteristics of marble under uniaxial cyclic loading-unloading[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(8):1946-1953.
[20]陈宇龙,魏作安,张千贵,等.幅循环加载与分级循环加载下砂岩声发射Felicity效应试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(2):226-230.CHEN Yulong,WEI Zuoan,ZHANG Qiangui,et al.Experimental study on Felicity effect of acoustic emission in rock under cyclic loading and tiered cyclic loading[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(2):226-230.
[21]李浩然,杨春和,李佰林.三轴多级荷载下盐岩声波声发射特征与损伤演化规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(4):682-691.LI Haoran,YANY Chunhe,LI Bailin.Studies of damage evolution laws and characteristics of ultrasonic velocity and acoustic emission for salt rock under triaxial multilevel loading test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(4):682-691.
[2]KAISER E J.A study of acoustic phenomena in tensile tests[D].Munich,Germany:Technische Hochschule München,1959.
[3]GOODMAN R E.Subaudible noise during compression of rocks[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1963,74(4):487-490.
[4]LOCKNER D A.The role of acoustic emission in the study of rock fracture[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science and Geomechanics,1993,30(7):893-899.
[5]陈栋,王恩元,李楠,等.石膏和砂岩试样损伤破裂及声发射时空演化规律研究[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(7):1902-1909.CHEN Dong,WANG Enyuan,LI Nan,et al.Study on the fracture and the law of temporal-spatial evolution of acoustic emission of gypsum and sandstone specimens[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(7):1902-1909.
[6]TUNCAY E,OBARA Y.Comparison of stresses obtained from acoustic emission and compact conical-ended borehole overcoring techniques and an evaluation of the Kaiser effect level[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology&the Environment,2012,71(2):367-377.
[7]LAVROV A,VERVOORT A,WEVERS M.Anisotropic damage formation in brittle rock:Experimental study by means of acoustic emission and Kaiser effect[J].Journal De Physique Iv,2003,105(3):321-328.
[8]付斌,周宗红,王海泉,等.大理岩单轴循环加卸载破坏声发射先兆信息研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(8):1946-1953.FU Bin,ZHOU Zonghong,WANG Haiquan,et al.Precursor information study on acoustic emission characteristics of marble under uniaxial cyclic loading-unloading[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(8):1946-1953.
[9]张黎明,马绍琼,任明远,等.不同围压下岩石破坏过程的声发射频率及b值特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(10):2057-2063.ZHANG Liming,MA Shaoqiong,REN Mingyuan,et al.Acoustic emission frequency and b value characteristics in rock failure process under various confining pressures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(10):2057-2063.
[10]张黎明,王在泉,石磊,等.不同应力路径下大理岩破坏过程的声发射特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(6):1230-1236.ZHANG Liming,WANG Zaiquan,SHI Lei,et al.Acoustic emission characteristics of marble during failure process under different stress paths[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(6):1230-1236
[11]何俊,潘结南,王安虎.三轴循环加卸载作用下煤样的声发射特征[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(1):84-90.HE Jun,PAN Jienan,WANG Anhu.Acoustic emission characteristics of coal specimen under triaxial cyclic loading and unloading[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(1):84-90.
[12]雷涛,周科平,胡建华,等.卸荷岩体力学参数劣化规律的细观损伤分析[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2013,44(1):275-281.LEI Tao,ZHOU Keping,HU Jianhua,et al.Mechanics parameters deterioration laws of unloading rock mass by meso-damage mechanics[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2013,44(1):275-281.
[13]赵闯,武科,李术才,等.循环荷载作用下岩石损伤变形与能量特征分析[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(5):890-896.ZHAO Chuang,WU Ke,LI Shucai,et al.Energy characteristics and damage deformation of rock subjected to cyclic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(5):890-896.
[14]谢和平,鞠杨,黎立云.基于能量耗散与释放原理的岩石强度与整体破坏准则[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3003-3010.XIE Heping,JU Yang,LI Liyun.Criteria for strength and structural failure of rocks based on energy dissipation and energy release principles[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(17):3003-3010.
[15]彭瑞东,鞠杨,高峰,等.三轴循环加卸载下煤岩损伤的能量机制分析[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):245-252.PENG Ruidong,JU Yang,GAO Feng,et al.Energy analysis on damage of coal under cyclical triaxial loading and unloading conditions[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):245-252.
[16]李浩然,杨春和,刘玉刚,等.花岗岩破裂过程中声波与声发射变化特征试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(10):1915-1923.LI Haoran,YANG Chunhe,LIU Yugang,et al.Experimental research on ultrasonic velocity and acoustic emission properties of granite under failure process[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(10):1915-1923.
[17]吴胜兴,张顺祥,沈德建.混凝土轴心受拉声发射Kaiser效应试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(4):31-39.WU Shengxing,ZHANG Shunxiang,SHEN Dejian.An experimental study on Kaiser effect of acoustic emission in concrete under uniaxial tension loading[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2008,41(4):31-39.
[18]曾鹏,纪洪广,孙利辉,等.不同围压下岩石声发射不可逆性及其主破裂前特征信息试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(7):1333-1340.ZENG Peng,JI Hongguang,SUN Lihui,et al.Experimental study on characteristics of irreversibility and fracture precursors of acoustic emission in rock under different confining pressures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(7):1333-1340.
[19]付斌,周宗红,王海泉,等.大理岩单轴循环加卸载破坏声发射先兆信息研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(8):1946-1953.FU Bin,ZHOU Zonghong,WANG Haiquan,et al.Precursor information study on acoustic emission characteristics of marble under uniaxial cyclic loading-unloading[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(8):1946-1953.
[20]陈宇龙,魏作安,张千贵,等.幅循环加载与分级循环加载下砂岩声发射Felicity效应试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(2):226-230.CHEN Yulong,WEI Zuoan,ZHANG Qiangui,et al.Experimental study on Felicity effect of acoustic emission in rock under cyclic loading and tiered cyclic loading[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(2):226-230.
[21]李浩然,杨春和,李佰林.三轴多级荷载下盐岩声波声发射特征与损伤演化规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(4):682-691.LI Haoran,YANY Chunhe,LI Bailin.Studies of damage evolution laws and characteristics of ultrasonic velocity and acoustic emission for salt rock under triaxial multilevel loading test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(4):682-691.
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