混合比例对紫花苜蓿与燕麦混贮品质的动态影响
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摘要
将紫花苜蓿与燕麦按鲜重质量比分为A组(10∶0)、B组(7∶3)、C组(5∶5)、D组(3∶7)与E组(0∶10),贮存1d、3d、7d、15d、30d后测定混贮饲料的发酵指标和营养物质含量,研究混合比例对紫花苜蓿与燕麦混贮品质的影响及青贮过程中品质变化规律。结果表明:随着混贮时间的延长,pH值、DM、CP、NDF、WSC、淀粉含量呈下降趋势,干物质损失率、乳酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、氨态氮呈升高趋势。青贮30d,C组、D组CP含量显著(P<0.05)高于E组;B组、C组、D组NDF含量显著(P<0.05)低于E组;D组、E组WSC含量极显著(P<0.01)高于其他3组;D组、E组pH值显著(P<0.05)低于A组、B组、C组;C组、D组乳酸含量显著(P<0.05)高于A组;与A组相比,其他组的丁酸和氨态氮含量降低且差异显著(P<0.05)。综合发酵品质和营养品质,建议紫花苜蓿与燕麦以鲜重质量比为3∶7比例混合青贮较为适宜。
In order to investigated the effects of mix ratio on quality of the silage of mixtures of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)and oat(Avena sativa L.)and the dynamic change of silage quality,the silages were divided into five group:A(10∶0),B(7∶3),C(5∶5),D(3∶7)and E(0∶10)according to the ratio of the fresh weight of alfalfa to oat.Fermentation quality and nutritional components were tested after ensiled for1,3,7,15 and 30 days.The results showed that:during the silage process,the pH value and contents of DM,CP,NDF,WSC and starch were decreased;loss rate of dry matter,lactic acid,aceticacid,propionic acid,butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen increased.On the 30th day,crude protein content in group C,D was significantly higher than that of group E(P<0.05),NDF contents of group B,C,D significantly lower than that of group A(P<0.05),ADF contents of group C、D significantly lower than that of group E(P<0.05),water soluble sugar contents in group D and E was significantly higher than that in the other three groups(P<0.01).And pH of group D and E significantly lower than group A,B and C(P<0.05);LA content of group C and D was significantly higher than that of group B(P<0.05),BA and NH3-N/TN contents of group B、C、D and E was significantly lower than that of group A(P<0.05).From the point of view of nutrient balance and fermentation quality,the mixed silage at the ratio of 3∶7 of alfalfa to oat in fresh weight is more suitable.
In order to investigated the effects of mix ratio on quality of the silage of mixtures of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)and oat(Avena sativa L.)and the dynamic change of silage quality,the silages were divided into five group:A(10∶0),B(7∶3),C(5∶5),D(3∶7)and E(0∶10)according to the ratio of the fresh weight of alfalfa to oat.Fermentation quality and nutritional components were tested after ensiled for1,3,7,15 and 30 days.The results showed that:during the silage process,the pH value and contents of DM,CP,NDF,WSC and starch were decreased;loss rate of dry matter,lactic acid,aceticacid,propionic acid,butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen increased.On the 30th day,crude protein content in group C,D was significantly higher than that of group E(P<0.05),NDF contents of group B,C,D significantly lower than that of group A(P<0.05),ADF contents of group C、D significantly lower than that of group E(P<0.05),water soluble sugar contents in group D and E was significantly higher than that in the other three groups(P<0.01).And pH of group D and E significantly lower than group A,B and C(P<0.05);LA content of group C and D was significantly higher than that of group B(P<0.05),BA and NH3-N/TN contents of group B、C、D and E was significantly lower than that of group A(P<0.05).From the point of view of nutrient balance and fermentation quality,the mixed silage at the ratio of 3∶7 of alfalfa to oat in fresh weight is more suitable.
引文
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[3]王莹,玉柱.不同添加剂对紫花苜蓿青贮发酵品质的影响[J].中国草地学报,2010,32(5):80-84.Wang Ying,Yu Zhu.Effect of different additives on quality of Medicago sativa silage[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2010,32(5):80-84.
[4]庄益芬,安宅一夫,张文昌.生物添加剂对苜蓿青贮发酵品质的影响[J].中国草地学报,2009,31(1):70-75.Zhuang Yifen,Anzhaiyifu,Zhang Wenchang.Effects of biological additive on fermentation quality of alfalfa silages[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2009,31(1):70-75.
[5]万里强,李向林.乳酸菌复合添加剂糖分浓度对不同含水量苜蓿青贮效果的影响[J].中国草地学报,2005,27(1):45-51.Wan Liqiang,Li Xianglin.Influence of sugar contents in lactic bacteria compound additives on different moisture alfalfa silage[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2005,27(1):45-51.
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[7]田瑞霞,安渊,梁金凤,等.添加剂对紫花苜蓿青贮品质的影响[J].中国草地学报,2005,27(4):10-14.Tian Ruixia,An Yuan,Liang Jinfeng,et al.Effects of additives on the quality of alfalfa silage[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2005,27(4):10-14.
[8]Nadeau E M,Buxton D R,Russell J R,et al.Enzyme,bacterial inoculant,and formic acid effects on silage composition of orchardgrass and alfalfa[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2000,83(7):1487-1502.
[9]曲祥春,何中国,郝文媛,等.我国燕麦生产现状及发展对策[J].杂粮作物,2006,26(3):233-235.Qu Xiangchun,He Zhongguo,Hao Wenyuan,et al.Productive status and developing countermeasure of oat in China[J].Rain Fed Crops,2006,26(3):233-235.
[10]顾雪莹,玉柱,郭艳萍,等.白花草木樨与燕麦混合青贮的研究[J].草业科学,2011,28(1):152-156.Gu Xueying,Yu Zhu,Guo Yanping,et al.Mixed silage of Melilotus albus and Avena sativa[J].Pratacultural Science,2011,28(1):152-156.
[11]孙小龙,周禾,李平,等.苜蓿与玉米秸秆混贮研究[J].草业学报,2009,18(5):86-92.Sun Xiaolong,Zhou He,Li Ping,et al.A study on mixed silage of alfalfa and maize straw[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2009,18(5):86-92.
[12]王林,孙启忠,张慧杰,等.苜蓿与玉米混贮质量研究[J].草业学报,2011,20(4):202-209.Wang Lin,Sun Qizhong,Zhang Huijie,et al.A study on quality of mixed silage of alfalfa and corn[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2011,20(4):202-209.
[13]王林,张慧杰,玉柱,等.苜蓿与直穗鹅观草混贮发酵品质研究[J].草业科学,2011,28(10):1888-1893.Wang Lin,Zhang Huijie,Yu Zhu,et al.The fermentation quality of mixed silage of Medicago sativa and Roegneria turczaninovii[J].Pratacultural Science,2011,28(10):1888-1893.
[14]闻爱友,原现军,王坚,等.紫花苜蓿与意大利黑麦草混合青贮发酵品质研究[J].安徽科技学院学报,2011,25(6):10-14.Wen Aiyou,Yuan Xianjun,Wang Jian,et al.Study on fermentation quality of mixed silage of alfalfa and Italian ryegrass[J].Journal of Anhui Science and Technology University,2011,25(6):10-14.
[15]李君风,孙肖慧,原现军,等.添加乙酸对西藏燕麦和紫花苜蓿混合青贮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响[J].草业学报,2014,23(5):271-278.Li Junfeng,Sun Xiaohui,Yuan Xianjun,et al.Effects of biological additive on fermentation quality of alfalfa silage[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(5):271-278.
[16]葛剑,杨翠军,刘贵河,等.添加剂和混合比例对裸燕麦和紫花苜蓿混贮品质的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(6):116-124.Ge Jian,Yang Cuijun,Liu Guihe,et al.Effects of additives and crop ratio on quality of mixed naked oat(Avena nuda)and alfalfa(Medicago sativa)silage[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(6):116-124.
[17]许庆方,玉柱,韩建国,等.高效液相色谱法测定紫花苜蓿青贮中的有机酸[J].草原与草坪,2007(2):63-65.Xu Qingfang,Yu Zhu,Han Jianguo,et al.Determining organic acid in alfalfa silage by HPLC[J].Grassland and Turf,2007(2):63-65.
[18]Weatherburn M W.Phenol-hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia[J].Analytical Chemistry,1967,39(8):971-974.
[19]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007:49-51,53-56,61-63.Zhang Liying.Feed analysis and forage quality detection technology[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2007:49-51,53-56,61-63.
[20]Van Soest P J,Robertson J B,Lewis B A.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.
[21]Mcdonald P,Henderson A R.Determination of water-soluble carbohydrates in grass[J].Journal of the Science of Food&Agriculture,1964,15:395-398.
[22]汤绍虎,罗充.植物生理学实验教程[M].重庆:西南师范大学出版社,2012:115-116.Tang Shaohu,Luo Chong.Plant physiology experiment tutorial[M].Chongqing:Southwest Normal University Press,2012:115-116.
[23]Jones B A,Hatfield R D,Muck R E.Characterization of proteolysis in alfalfa and red clover[J].Crop Science,1995,35(2):537-541.
[24]郭旭生,丁武蓉,玉柱.青贮饲料发酵品质评定体系及其新进展[J].中国草地学报,2008,30(4):100-106.Guo Xusheng,Ding Wurong,Yu Zhu.The evaluation system of fermentation quality of ensiled forage and its improvement[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2008,30(4):100-106.
[25]Kizilsimsek M,Schmidt R J,Jr L K.Effects of a mixture of lactic acid bacteria applied as a freeze-dried or fresh culture on the fermentation of alfalfa silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(12):5698-5705.
[26]Fairbairn R,Alli I,Baker B E.Proteolysis associated with the ensiling of chopped alfalfa[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1988,71(1):152-158.
[27]Mckersie B D.Effect of pH on proteolysis in ensiled legume forage[J].Agronomy Journal,1985,77(1):81-86.
[28]张吉鹍,卢德勋.试述反刍动物日粮中的纤维问题[J].中国乳业,2003(7):21-24.Zhang Jikun,Lu Dexun.Discussion on fiber problems in ruminant diets[J].China Dairy,2003(7):21-24.
[2]Filya I,Muck R E,Contrerasgovea F E.Inoculant effects on alfalfa silage:fermentation products and nutritive value[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(11):5108-5114.
[3]王莹,玉柱.不同添加剂对紫花苜蓿青贮发酵品质的影响[J].中国草地学报,2010,32(5):80-84.Wang Ying,Yu Zhu.Effect of different additives on quality of Medicago sativa silage[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2010,32(5):80-84.
[4]庄益芬,安宅一夫,张文昌.生物添加剂对苜蓿青贮发酵品质的影响[J].中国草地学报,2009,31(1):70-75.Zhuang Yifen,Anzhaiyifu,Zhang Wenchang.Effects of biological additive on fermentation quality of alfalfa silages[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2009,31(1):70-75.
[5]万里强,李向林.乳酸菌复合添加剂糖分浓度对不同含水量苜蓿青贮效果的影响[J].中国草地学报,2005,27(1):45-51.Wan Liqiang,Li Xianglin.Influence of sugar contents in lactic bacteria compound additives on different moisture alfalfa silage[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2005,27(1):45-51.
[6]许庆方,玉柱,李胜利,等.甲酸或绿汁发酵液对苜蓿青贮影响的研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2008,39(12):1709-1714.Xu Qingfang,Yu Zhu,Li Shengli,et al.The effect of formic acid or previous fermented juice on baled alfalfa silage[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2008,39(12):1709-1714.
[7]田瑞霞,安渊,梁金凤,等.添加剂对紫花苜蓿青贮品质的影响[J].中国草地学报,2005,27(4):10-14.Tian Ruixia,An Yuan,Liang Jinfeng,et al.Effects of additives on the quality of alfalfa silage[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2005,27(4):10-14.
[8]Nadeau E M,Buxton D R,Russell J R,et al.Enzyme,bacterial inoculant,and formic acid effects on silage composition of orchardgrass and alfalfa[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2000,83(7):1487-1502.
[9]曲祥春,何中国,郝文媛,等.我国燕麦生产现状及发展对策[J].杂粮作物,2006,26(3):233-235.Qu Xiangchun,He Zhongguo,Hao Wenyuan,et al.Productive status and developing countermeasure of oat in China[J].Rain Fed Crops,2006,26(3):233-235.
[10]顾雪莹,玉柱,郭艳萍,等.白花草木樨与燕麦混合青贮的研究[J].草业科学,2011,28(1):152-156.Gu Xueying,Yu Zhu,Guo Yanping,et al.Mixed silage of Melilotus albus and Avena sativa[J].Pratacultural Science,2011,28(1):152-156.
[11]孙小龙,周禾,李平,等.苜蓿与玉米秸秆混贮研究[J].草业学报,2009,18(5):86-92.Sun Xiaolong,Zhou He,Li Ping,et al.A study on mixed silage of alfalfa and maize straw[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2009,18(5):86-92.
[12]王林,孙启忠,张慧杰,等.苜蓿与玉米混贮质量研究[J].草业学报,2011,20(4):202-209.Wang Lin,Sun Qizhong,Zhang Huijie,et al.A study on quality of mixed silage of alfalfa and corn[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2011,20(4):202-209.
[13]王林,张慧杰,玉柱,等.苜蓿与直穗鹅观草混贮发酵品质研究[J].草业科学,2011,28(10):1888-1893.Wang Lin,Zhang Huijie,Yu Zhu,et al.The fermentation quality of mixed silage of Medicago sativa and Roegneria turczaninovii[J].Pratacultural Science,2011,28(10):1888-1893.
[14]闻爱友,原现军,王坚,等.紫花苜蓿与意大利黑麦草混合青贮发酵品质研究[J].安徽科技学院学报,2011,25(6):10-14.Wen Aiyou,Yuan Xianjun,Wang Jian,et al.Study on fermentation quality of mixed silage of alfalfa and Italian ryegrass[J].Journal of Anhui Science and Technology University,2011,25(6):10-14.
[15]李君风,孙肖慧,原现军,等.添加乙酸对西藏燕麦和紫花苜蓿混合青贮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响[J].草业学报,2014,23(5):271-278.Li Junfeng,Sun Xiaohui,Yuan Xianjun,et al.Effects of biological additive on fermentation quality of alfalfa silage[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(5):271-278.
[16]葛剑,杨翠军,刘贵河,等.添加剂和混合比例对裸燕麦和紫花苜蓿混贮品质的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(6):116-124.Ge Jian,Yang Cuijun,Liu Guihe,et al.Effects of additives and crop ratio on quality of mixed naked oat(Avena nuda)and alfalfa(Medicago sativa)silage[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(6):116-124.
[17]许庆方,玉柱,韩建国,等.高效液相色谱法测定紫花苜蓿青贮中的有机酸[J].草原与草坪,2007(2):63-65.Xu Qingfang,Yu Zhu,Han Jianguo,et al.Determining organic acid in alfalfa silage by HPLC[J].Grassland and Turf,2007(2):63-65.
[18]Weatherburn M W.Phenol-hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia[J].Analytical Chemistry,1967,39(8):971-974.
[19]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007:49-51,53-56,61-63.Zhang Liying.Feed analysis and forage quality detection technology[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2007:49-51,53-56,61-63.
[20]Van Soest P J,Robertson J B,Lewis B A.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.
[21]Mcdonald P,Henderson A R.Determination of water-soluble carbohydrates in grass[J].Journal of the Science of Food&Agriculture,1964,15:395-398.
[22]汤绍虎,罗充.植物生理学实验教程[M].重庆:西南师范大学出版社,2012:115-116.Tang Shaohu,Luo Chong.Plant physiology experiment tutorial[M].Chongqing:Southwest Normal University Press,2012:115-116.
[23]Jones B A,Hatfield R D,Muck R E.Characterization of proteolysis in alfalfa and red clover[J].Crop Science,1995,35(2):537-541.
[24]郭旭生,丁武蓉,玉柱.青贮饲料发酵品质评定体系及其新进展[J].中国草地学报,2008,30(4):100-106.Guo Xusheng,Ding Wurong,Yu Zhu.The evaluation system of fermentation quality of ensiled forage and its improvement[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2008,30(4):100-106.
[25]Kizilsimsek M,Schmidt R J,Jr L K.Effects of a mixture of lactic acid bacteria applied as a freeze-dried or fresh culture on the fermentation of alfalfa silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(12):5698-5705.
[26]Fairbairn R,Alli I,Baker B E.Proteolysis associated with the ensiling of chopped alfalfa[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1988,71(1):152-158.
[27]Mckersie B D.Effect of pH on proteolysis in ensiled legume forage[J].Agronomy Journal,1985,77(1):81-86.
[28]张吉鹍,卢德勋.试述反刍动物日粮中的纤维问题[J].中国乳业,2003(7):21-24.Zhang Jikun,Lu Dexun.Discussion on fiber problems in ruminant diets[J].China Dairy,2003(7):21-24.