地震作用下RC框架梁受弯损伤轴向伸长效应研究
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摘要
RC框架梁受弯损伤会发生轴向伸长,周边构件对梁伸长的约束作用会在梁中产生不可低估的轴力,显著提高其抗弯承载力,此现象未得到足够重视。RC框架梁抗弯承载力非预期超强可能导致结构在强震中难以出现预期的强柱弱梁破坏模式,造成结构倒塌。为研究地震作用下RC框架梁受弯损伤轴向伸长效应,首先阐明了梁伸长的概念,并从机理上揭示了梁伸长的必然性及其构成,基于试验研究定性分析了梁伸长规律;发现了目前尚缺乏全面综合考虑梁伸长效应的分析模型;归纳分析了梁伸长效应对结构抗震性能影响规律的研究进展及忽略此效应可能引发的问题。最后指出亟待开展考虑梁受弯损伤轴向伸长效应的RC框架结构强震破坏模式及抗震性能的系列基础性研究,为进一步完善框架结构抗震延性设计方法提供支撑。
The bending damage of RC frame beams leads to axial elongation. The restraint effect of surrounding members on the elongation of beams produces undeniable axial force in the beams, which can significantly improve the flexural capacity of the beams. This phenomenon has not received enough attention. The unexpected super-strength of flexural capacity of RC frame beams may lead to the failure mode of strong columns and weak beams under strong earthquakes, resulting in structural collapse. In order to study the axial elongation effect of RC frame beams subjected to bending damage under earthquakes, the concept of beam elongation was firstly clarified, and the inevitability and composition of beam elongation were revealed from the mechanism. Based on the experimental study, the law of beam elongation was qualitatively analyzed. It was found that there is no comprehensive analysis model considering beam elongation effect at present. The research progress of the influence of beam elongation effect on seismic performance of structures and the possible problems caused by neglecting this effect were summarized and analyzed. Finally, it was pointed out that a series of basic studies on the seismic failure modes and seismic performance of RC frame structures considering the effect of axial elongation of beam flexural damage were urgently needed to provide support for further improving the seismic ductility design method of frame structures. Finally, it was pointed out that a series of basic studies on the strong seismic failure modes and seismic performance of RC frame structures considering the effect of axial elongation of beam flexural damage were urgently needed to provide support for further improving the seismic ductility design method of frame structures.
The bending damage of RC frame beams leads to axial elongation. The restraint effect of surrounding members on the elongation of beams produces undeniable axial force in the beams, which can significantly improve the flexural capacity of the beams. This phenomenon has not received enough attention. The unexpected super-strength of flexural capacity of RC frame beams may lead to the failure mode of strong columns and weak beams under strong earthquakes, resulting in structural collapse. In order to study the axial elongation effect of RC frame beams subjected to bending damage under earthquakes, the concept of beam elongation was firstly clarified, and the inevitability and composition of beam elongation were revealed from the mechanism. Based on the experimental study, the law of beam elongation was qualitatively analyzed. It was found that there is no comprehensive analysis model considering beam elongation effect at present. The research progress of the influence of beam elongation effect on seismic performance of structures and the possible problems caused by neglecting this effect were summarized and analyzed. Finally, it was pointed out that a series of basic studies on the seismic failure modes and seismic performance of RC frame structures considering the effect of axial elongation of beam flexural damage were urgently needed to provide support for further improving the seismic ductility design method of frame structures. Finally, it was pointed out that a series of basic studies on the strong seismic failure modes and seismic performance of RC frame structures considering the effect of axial elongation of beam flexural damage were urgently needed to provide support for further improving the seismic ductility design method of frame structures.
引文
[1] FENWICK R C,MEGGET L M.Elongation and load deflection characteristics of reinforced concrete members containing plastic hinges[J].Bulletin of the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering,1993,26(1):28-41.
[2] 叶列平,曲哲,马千里,等.从汶川地震框架结构震害谈“强柱弱梁”屈服机制的实现[J].建筑结构,2008,38(11):52-59.
[3] ASHTIANI M S,DHAKAL R P,SCOTT A N.Seismic performance of high-strength self-compacting concrete in reinforced concrete beam-column joints[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2014,140(5):1-11.
[4] HENRY R S,DIZHUR D,ELWOOD K J,et al.Damage to concrete buildings with precast floors during the 2016 kaikoura earthquake[J].Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering,2017,50(2):174-186.
[5] ENCINA E,LU Y,HENRY R S.Axial elongation in ductile reinforced concrete walls[J].Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering,2016,49(4):305-318.
[6] COOPER M,DAVIDSON B J,INGHAM J M.The influence of axial compression on the elongation of plastic hinges in reinforced concrete beams[C]//New Zealand Concrete Industries Conference.Auckland,New Zealand,2005:1-10.
[7] KOKUSHO S,SAKATA H,WADA A,et al.Behaviors of reinforced concrete beam subjected to the axial restriction of deformation[C]//Proceedings of Ninth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Tokyo-Kyoto,Japan,1988:463-468.
[8] MAEDA M,KABEYASAWA T,SANADA Y.Test and analysis of reinforced concrete beams under axial restraint[C]//U.S.-Japan Workshop on Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering Methodology for Reinforced Concrete Building Structures.Maui,Hawaii,1999:203-215.
[9] GUNASEKARAN U,AHMED S M.Experimental investigation into the seismic performance of slabs in RC frame joints[J].Magazine of Concrete Research,2014,66(15):770-788.
[10] ZERBE H E,DURRANI A J.Seismic response of connections in two-bay RC frame subassemblies[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1989,115(11):2829-2844.
[11] SAKATA H,WADA A.Elasto-plastic behavior of one-twentieth scale RC frame[C]//Proceedings of Tenth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Balkema,Rotterdam,1992:3335-3340.
[12] ZERBE H E,DURRANI A J.Seismic response of connections in two-bay reinforced concrete frame subassemblies with a floor slab[J].ACI Structural Journal,1990,87(4):406-415.
[13] 雷远德,曲哲,王涛.钢筋混凝土空间框架底层梁柱节点双向往复加载试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2014,47(12):64-72.
[14] PANTAZOPOULOU S J,FRENCH C W.Slab participation in practical earthquake design of reinforced concrete frames[J].ACI Structural Journal,2001,98(4):479-489.
[15] 邢国华,周成,吴涛,等.钢筋混凝土框架边节点现浇板受拉有效翼缘宽度研究[J].建筑结构学报,2017,38(8):65-73.
[16] QI X,PANTAZOPOULOU S J.Response of RC frame under lateral loads[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1991,117(4):1167-1188.
[17] MEGGETT L M,FENWICK R C.Seismic behaviour of a reinforced concrete portal frame sustaining gravity loads[J].Bulletin of NZ National Society for Earthquake Engineering,1989,22(1):39-49.
[18] LEE J Y,WATANABE F.Predicting the longitudinal axial strain in the plastic hinge regions of reinforced concrete beams subjected to reversed cyclic loading[J].Engineering Structures,2003,25(7):927-939.
[19] MATTHEWS J G,MANDER J B,BULL D K.Prediction of beam elongation in structural concrete members using a rainflow method[C]// Proceedings of New Zealand Society of Earthquake Engineering Conference.Wellington,New Zealand,2004:1-8.
[20] IBARRA L F,MEDINA R A,KRAWINKLER H.Hysteretic models that incorporate strength and stiffness deterioration[J].Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics,2005,34(12):1489-1511.
[21] SPACONE E,FILIPPOU F C,TAUCER F F.Fiber beam-column model for non-linear analysis of R/C frames:part I.formulation[J] Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1996,25(7):711-725.
[22] KABEYASAWA T,SANADA Y,MAEDA M.Effect of beam axial deformation on column shear in reinforced concrete frames[C]//Proceedings of 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Auckland,New Zealand,2000:1-8.
[23] FENWICK R C,DAVIDSON B J.Elongation in ductile seismic-resistant reinforced concrete frames[C]// Proceedings of Tom Paulay Symposium.Farmington Hills,Mich,1995:143-170.
[24] KIM J,STANTON J,MACRAE G.Effect of beam growth on reinforced concrete frames[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2004,130(9):1333-1342.
[25] AHMED S M,GUNASEKARAN U,MACRAE G A.Analytical investigation on the seismic performance of slabs in RC frame joints[J].Magazine of Concrete Research,2015,67(22):1179-1189.
[26] EOM T S,PARK H G.Elongation of reinforced concrete members subjected to cyclic loading[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2010,136(9):1044-1054.
[27] PARK H G,EOM T.Truss model for nonlinear analysis of RC members subject to cyclic loading[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2007,133(10):1351-1363.
[28] PENG B H H,DHAKAL R P,FENWICK R C,et al.Elongation of plastic hinges in ductile RC members:model verification[J].Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology,2011,9(3):327-338.
[29] PENG B H H,DHAKAL R P,FENWICK R C,et al.Multispring hinge element for reinforced concrete frame analysis[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2013,139(4):595-606.
[30] MEHRABANI R V,SIGRIST V.Elongation of reinforced concrete plastic hinges subjected to reversed cyclic loading[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2015,141(8):1-10.
[31] 建筑抗震设计规范:GB 50011—2010[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.
[32] Building code requirements for structural concrete:ACI 318-14[S].Farmington Hills,Michigan,US:American Concrete Institute,2014.
[33] Design of structures for earthquake resistance,part I:general rules,seismic actions and rules for buildings:EN 1998-1[S].Brussels:European Committee for Standardization,2004.
[34] Concrete structures standard the design of concrete structures:NZS 3101-1[S].Wellington,New Zealand:Standards New Zealand,2006.
[2] 叶列平,曲哲,马千里,等.从汶川地震框架结构震害谈“强柱弱梁”屈服机制的实现[J].建筑结构,2008,38(11):52-59.
[3] ASHTIANI M S,DHAKAL R P,SCOTT A N.Seismic performance of high-strength self-compacting concrete in reinforced concrete beam-column joints[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2014,140(5):1-11.
[4] HENRY R S,DIZHUR D,ELWOOD K J,et al.Damage to concrete buildings with precast floors during the 2016 kaikoura earthquake[J].Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering,2017,50(2):174-186.
[5] ENCINA E,LU Y,HENRY R S.Axial elongation in ductile reinforced concrete walls[J].Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering,2016,49(4):305-318.
[6] COOPER M,DAVIDSON B J,INGHAM J M.The influence of axial compression on the elongation of plastic hinges in reinforced concrete beams[C]//New Zealand Concrete Industries Conference.Auckland,New Zealand,2005:1-10.
[7] KOKUSHO S,SAKATA H,WADA A,et al.Behaviors of reinforced concrete beam subjected to the axial restriction of deformation[C]//Proceedings of Ninth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Tokyo-Kyoto,Japan,1988:463-468.
[8] MAEDA M,KABEYASAWA T,SANADA Y.Test and analysis of reinforced concrete beams under axial restraint[C]//U.S.-Japan Workshop on Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering Methodology for Reinforced Concrete Building Structures.Maui,Hawaii,1999:203-215.
[9] GUNASEKARAN U,AHMED S M.Experimental investigation into the seismic performance of slabs in RC frame joints[J].Magazine of Concrete Research,2014,66(15):770-788.
[10] ZERBE H E,DURRANI A J.Seismic response of connections in two-bay RC frame subassemblies[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1989,115(11):2829-2844.
[11] SAKATA H,WADA A.Elasto-plastic behavior of one-twentieth scale RC frame[C]//Proceedings of Tenth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Balkema,Rotterdam,1992:3335-3340.
[12] ZERBE H E,DURRANI A J.Seismic response of connections in two-bay reinforced concrete frame subassemblies with a floor slab[J].ACI Structural Journal,1990,87(4):406-415.
[13] 雷远德,曲哲,王涛.钢筋混凝土空间框架底层梁柱节点双向往复加载试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2014,47(12):64-72.
[14] PANTAZOPOULOU S J,FRENCH C W.Slab participation in practical earthquake design of reinforced concrete frames[J].ACI Structural Journal,2001,98(4):479-489.
[15] 邢国华,周成,吴涛,等.钢筋混凝土框架边节点现浇板受拉有效翼缘宽度研究[J].建筑结构学报,2017,38(8):65-73.
[16] QI X,PANTAZOPOULOU S J.Response of RC frame under lateral loads[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1991,117(4):1167-1188.
[17] MEGGETT L M,FENWICK R C.Seismic behaviour of a reinforced concrete portal frame sustaining gravity loads[J].Bulletin of NZ National Society for Earthquake Engineering,1989,22(1):39-49.
[18] LEE J Y,WATANABE F.Predicting the longitudinal axial strain in the plastic hinge regions of reinforced concrete beams subjected to reversed cyclic loading[J].Engineering Structures,2003,25(7):927-939.
[19] MATTHEWS J G,MANDER J B,BULL D K.Prediction of beam elongation in structural concrete members using a rainflow method[C]// Proceedings of New Zealand Society of Earthquake Engineering Conference.Wellington,New Zealand,2004:1-8.
[20] IBARRA L F,MEDINA R A,KRAWINKLER H.Hysteretic models that incorporate strength and stiffness deterioration[J].Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics,2005,34(12):1489-1511.
[21] SPACONE E,FILIPPOU F C,TAUCER F F.Fiber beam-column model for non-linear analysis of R/C frames:part I.formulation[J] Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1996,25(7):711-725.
[22] KABEYASAWA T,SANADA Y,MAEDA M.Effect of beam axial deformation on column shear in reinforced concrete frames[C]//Proceedings of 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Auckland,New Zealand,2000:1-8.
[23] FENWICK R C,DAVIDSON B J.Elongation in ductile seismic-resistant reinforced concrete frames[C]// Proceedings of Tom Paulay Symposium.Farmington Hills,Mich,1995:143-170.
[24] KIM J,STANTON J,MACRAE G.Effect of beam growth on reinforced concrete frames[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2004,130(9):1333-1342.
[25] AHMED S M,GUNASEKARAN U,MACRAE G A.Analytical investigation on the seismic performance of slabs in RC frame joints[J].Magazine of Concrete Research,2015,67(22):1179-1189.
[26] EOM T S,PARK H G.Elongation of reinforced concrete members subjected to cyclic loading[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2010,136(9):1044-1054.
[27] PARK H G,EOM T.Truss model for nonlinear analysis of RC members subject to cyclic loading[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2007,133(10):1351-1363.
[28] PENG B H H,DHAKAL R P,FENWICK R C,et al.Elongation of plastic hinges in ductile RC members:model verification[J].Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology,2011,9(3):327-338.
[29] PENG B H H,DHAKAL R P,FENWICK R C,et al.Multispring hinge element for reinforced concrete frame analysis[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2013,139(4):595-606.
[30] MEHRABANI R V,SIGRIST V.Elongation of reinforced concrete plastic hinges subjected to reversed cyclic loading[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2015,141(8):1-10.
[31] 建筑抗震设计规范:GB 50011—2010[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.
[32] Building code requirements for structural concrete:ACI 318-14[S].Farmington Hills,Michigan,US:American Concrete Institute,2014.
[33] Design of structures for earthquake resistance,part I:general rules,seismic actions and rules for buildings:EN 1998-1[S].Brussels:European Committee for Standardization,2004.
[34] Concrete structures standard the design of concrete structures:NZS 3101-1[S].Wellington,New Zealand:Standards New Zealand,2006.