川中须家河组低渗有水气藏渗流特征及其影响因素
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摘要
川中须家河组低渗有水气藏储层气水关系复杂、单井产能低、稳产困难,提高气藏产能面临技术挑战。针对以上问题,首先利用CT扫描分析储层微观孔隙结构特征,其次开展地层条件下孔隙型、裂缝型岩心的渗流特征实验,并对比分析束缚水、压力、温度等条件对不同类型岩心渗流特征的影响。研究发现,岩心基础渗透率与岩心类型、孔喉半径、孔隙连通性等密切相关;与常温低压条件下相比,地层条件下的气相流动的启动压力梯度、非达西流特征更为明显,气相流量、渗透率均大幅降低;束缚水、压力、温度等条件对气相流动的影响程度依次降低;裂缝型岩心比孔隙型岩心受束缚水和温度的影响程度更低,受压力的影响程度更高。该研究为掌握不同类型储层产能的影响因素及生产方案的调整提供了理论依据。
The low permeability gas reservoirs in Xujiahe Formation in central Sichuan Basin are facing many problems such as the complex gas-water relationship,the low gas well productivity and the difficulty of stable production.It is necessary to study the flow characteristics under formation conditions.How to further increase production capacity is facing great challenges.In view of the above problems,firstly,the micro-pore structure characteristics of reservoir are analyzed by CT scanning;secondly,the flow characteristics of porous and fractured cores under formation conditions are experimented,and the effects of irreducible water,pressure and temperature on flow characteristics of different types of cores are compared and analyzed.It is found that the permeability of cores is closely related to the types of cores,pore throat radius,pore connectivity,etc.Compared with the normal temperature and low pressure conditions,the gas phase flow has obvious characteristics of starting pressure gradient and non-Darcy flow,and the gas flow and permeability are greatly reduced.The influence of irreducible water,pressure,temperature and other experimental conditions on core flow characteristics decreases in turn.The permeability of cores with residual water in formation condition is about 2.6% of the basic permeability.Compared with porous core,fractured core is less affected by bound water and temperature,and is more affected by pressure.This study provides a theoretical basis for analyzing the productivity influencing factors and adjusting production schemes of different types of reservoirs.
The low permeability gas reservoirs in Xujiahe Formation in central Sichuan Basin are facing many problems such as the complex gas-water relationship,the low gas well productivity and the difficulty of stable production.It is necessary to study the flow characteristics under formation conditions.How to further increase production capacity is facing great challenges.In view of the above problems,firstly,the micro-pore structure characteristics of reservoir are analyzed by CT scanning;secondly,the flow characteristics of porous and fractured cores under formation conditions are experimented,and the effects of irreducible water,pressure and temperature on flow characteristics of different types of cores are compared and analyzed.It is found that the permeability of cores is closely related to the types of cores,pore throat radius,pore connectivity,etc.Compared with the normal temperature and low pressure conditions,the gas phase flow has obvious characteristics of starting pressure gradient and non-Darcy flow,and the gas flow and permeability are greatly reduced.The influence of irreducible water,pressure,temperature and other experimental conditions on core flow characteristics decreases in turn.The permeability of cores with residual water in formation condition is about 2.6% of the basic permeability.Compared with porous core,fractured core is less affected by bound water and temperature,and is more affected by pressure.This study provides a theoretical basis for analyzing the productivity influencing factors and adjusting production schemes of different types of reservoirs.
引文
[1]Ye Liyou.Study on Flow Mechanism and Reservoir Evaluation of Xujiahe Low Permeability Sandstone Gas Reservoirs in Central Sichuan Basin[D].Beijing:Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Research Institute of Seepage Fluid Mechanics,2011.叶礼友.川中须家河组低渗砂岩气藏渗流机理及储层评价研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,渗流流体力学研究所,2011.
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[9]Ren Yeming.Experimental Study on Seepage Characteristics of DH Low Permeability Gas Reservoir[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2016.任业明.DH低渗气藏储层渗流特征实验研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2016.
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[11]Li Hui,Wang Yan,Ou Jian,et al.Study on seepage mechanism of Xu 4low permeability sandstone gas reservoir in Guang'an Gas Field[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2013,13(7):1946-1951.李辉,王燕,欧剑,等.广安气田须四段低渗砂岩气藏渗流机理研究[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(7):1946-1951.
[12]Xiong Wei,Gao Shusheng,Hu Zhiming,et al.Experimental study on characteristics of single phase gas seepage in low ultra-low permeability sandstone gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(9):75-77.熊伟,高树生,胡志明,等.低-特低渗透砂岩气藏单相气体渗流特征实验[J].天然气工业,2009,29(9):75-77.
[13]Yao Guangju,Peng Hongli,Xiong Yu,et al.Gas seepage characteristics of low permeability sandstone gas reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology and Oil Recovery,2009,16(4):104-105.姚广聚,彭红利,熊钰,等.低渗透砂岩气藏气体渗流特征[J].油气地质与采收率,2009,16(4):104-105.
[14]Li Ning,Tang Xiangui,Zhang Qingxiu,et al.Experimental study on gas low velocity non-Darcy flow characteristics in low permeability gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2003,26(2):49-55.李宁,唐显贵,张清秀,等.低渗透气藏中气体低速非达西渗流特征实验研究[J].天然气勘探与开发,2003,26(2):49-55.
[15]Zhu Guangya,Liu Xiangui,Li Shutie,et al.Effect of gas flow slippage on low permeability gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(5):44-47.朱光亚,刘先贵,李树铁,等.低渗气藏气体渗流滑脱效应影响研究[J].天然气工业,2007,27(5):44-47.
[16]Tian Leng,Li Hongfan,Ma Jixiang,et al.Multi-layer and multi-stage seepage model for tight gas reservoirs based on threshold pressure gradient and stress sensitivity[J].Natural Gas Geosciences,2017,28(12):1898-1907.田冷,李鸿范,马继翔,等.基于启动压力梯度与应力敏感的致密气藏多层多级渗流模型[J].天然气地球科学,2017,28(12):1898-1907.
[2]Liu Xiaoxu,Hu Yong,Li Ning,et al.Experimental study and analysis of gas special flow mechanism in low permeability sandstone gas reservoirs[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2007,14(1):80-83.刘晓旭,胡勇,李宁,等.低渗砂岩气藏气体特殊渗流机理实验研究与分析[J].特种油气藏,2007,14(1):80-83.
[3]Gao Shusheng,Xiong Wei,Liu Xiangui,et al.Experimental research status and new understanding of gas seepage mechanism in low permeability sandstone gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(1):52-55.高树生,熊伟,刘先贵,等.低渗透砂岩气藏气体渗流机理实验研究现状及新认识[J].天然气工业,2010,30(1):52-55.
[4]Yang Chaopeng,Wu Zhiwei,Sun Yingying,et al.Stress sensitivity under confined water condition of low permeability tight gas reservoirs[J].Daqing Petroleum Geology and Development,2015,34(5):68-72.杨朝蓬,吴志伟,孙盈盈,等.低渗致密气藏束缚水条件下应力敏感性[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2015,34(5):68-72.
[5]Zheng Xinping,Wang Zhouhua,Yang Yang,et al.Study on seepage characteristics and transformation critical conditions of tight sandstone gas reservoirs[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(15):33-39.郑鑫平,汪周华,杨洋,等.致密砂岩气藏渗流特征及转化临界条件研究[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(15):33-39.
[6]Blunt M J,Bijeljic B,Dong H,et al.Pore-scale imaging and modelling[J].Advances in Water Resources,2013,51(1):197-216.
[7]Wei Hu.Microstructure of Low Permeability Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoir and its Influence on Productivity[D].Xi'an:Northwest University,2011.魏虎.低渗致密砂岩气藏储层微观结构及对产能影响分析[D].西安:西北大学,2011.
[8]Song Xianliang.Experimental Study on Porosity and Seepage Characteristics of Low Permeability Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs in D Area[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum U-niversity,2016.宋贤亮.D区低渗致密砂岩气藏孔隙与渗流特征实验研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2016.
[9]Ren Yeming.Experimental Study on Seepage Characteristics of DH Low Permeability Gas Reservoir[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2016.任业明.DH低渗气藏储层渗流特征实验研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2016.
[10]Zhu Huayin,Xu Xuan,Gao Yan,et al.The occurrence characteristics of water in pore of tight sandstone and its influence on gas seepage:Taking Denglouku Formation gas reservoir of Changling Gas Field in Songliao Basin as an example[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(10):54-58.朱华银,徐轩,高岩,等.致密砂岩孔隙内水的赋存特征及其对气体渗流的影响---以松辽盆地长岭气田登娄库组气藏为例[J].天然气工业,2014,34(10):54-58.
[11]Li Hui,Wang Yan,Ou Jian,et al.Study on seepage mechanism of Xu 4low permeability sandstone gas reservoir in Guang'an Gas Field[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2013,13(7):1946-1951.李辉,王燕,欧剑,等.广安气田须四段低渗砂岩气藏渗流机理研究[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(7):1946-1951.
[12]Xiong Wei,Gao Shusheng,Hu Zhiming,et al.Experimental study on characteristics of single phase gas seepage in low ultra-low permeability sandstone gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(9):75-77.熊伟,高树生,胡志明,等.低-特低渗透砂岩气藏单相气体渗流特征实验[J].天然气工业,2009,29(9):75-77.
[13]Yao Guangju,Peng Hongli,Xiong Yu,et al.Gas seepage characteristics of low permeability sandstone gas reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology and Oil Recovery,2009,16(4):104-105.姚广聚,彭红利,熊钰,等.低渗透砂岩气藏气体渗流特征[J].油气地质与采收率,2009,16(4):104-105.
[14]Li Ning,Tang Xiangui,Zhang Qingxiu,et al.Experimental study on gas low velocity non-Darcy flow characteristics in low permeability gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2003,26(2):49-55.李宁,唐显贵,张清秀,等.低渗透气藏中气体低速非达西渗流特征实验研究[J].天然气勘探与开发,2003,26(2):49-55.
[15]Zhu Guangya,Liu Xiangui,Li Shutie,et al.Effect of gas flow slippage on low permeability gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(5):44-47.朱光亚,刘先贵,李树铁,等.低渗气藏气体渗流滑脱效应影响研究[J].天然气工业,2007,27(5):44-47.
[16]Tian Leng,Li Hongfan,Ma Jixiang,et al.Multi-layer and multi-stage seepage model for tight gas reservoirs based on threshold pressure gradient and stress sensitivity[J].Natural Gas Geosciences,2017,28(12):1898-1907.田冷,李鸿范,马继翔,等.基于启动压力梯度与应力敏感的致密气藏多层多级渗流模型[J].天然气地球科学,2017,28(12):1898-1907.