鲢幼鱼运动能量代谢研究
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摘要
可靠的能量消耗估算可以更好地衡量鱼体在上溯过程中的能量分配方式,为鱼道水力设计提供依据,实现鱼道过鱼的高通过率。为探究鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)幼鱼运动过程中游泳行为和能量消耗的关系,利用丹麦Loligo Systems公司生产的鱼类行为视频跟踪系统,对24尾鲢幼鱼进行了室内游泳行为实验。采用流速递增法测得鲢幼鱼的活动代谢率,水体溶氧量由每个流速工况下等时距读取,静水条件下通过AutoRespTM测定水体溶氧变化值,计算标准代谢率;利用水槽上方架设的摄像头(25帧/s)记录鱼体运动行为,连接uEye Cockpit程序观测鱼体运动情况,采用LoliTrack进行运动行为分析,获取鱼体运动行为学参数。结果表明,鲢幼鱼的游泳速度与摆尾频率(TBF)呈显著正相关关系,其耗氧率(MO2)与摆尾频率(TBF)的拟合方程为MO2=318.3+1.04TBF2.87(R2=0.99,P<0.001),拟合指数值为2.87,且摆尾频率的幂指数越大,表征鱼体游泳效率越低。实验测得鲢幼鱼的标准代谢率(SMR)为(284.47±30.75)mg/(kg·h),耗氧率方程得到的标准代谢率拟合值为318.3mg/(kg·h),与实测值较为接近;通过建立活动代谢率(AMR)与鱼体重量(M)及游速(U)的关系,得出鲢幼鱼生物能量模型AMR=10.39 M0.12 U0.39(R2=0.95,P<0.001)。生物能量模型的建立,可以为鱼道不同过鱼目标的水力设计提供参考。
Determining the energy consumption of fish moving upstream would help define the energy consumption pattern of fish and could improve the hydraulic design of fish passages and increase the passage rate.In this study,we examined the relationship between swimming behavior and energy consumption of juvenile silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)in a flume-type respirometer.The swimming behavior of 24 juvenile silver carp was monitored with a video tracking system(Loligo Systems,Denmark)and the active metabolic rate(AMR)was measured using a stepped-velocity test.The DO of respirometer water at different flow rates was measured at set time intervals and the standard metabolic rate was calculated by monitoring DO with no flow using AutoRespTM.Silver carp movement was recorded with a video camera(25 frames/s)set above the swim chamber,connected with the uEye Cockpit program,and LoliTrack was used to analyze fish swimming behavior and obtain swimming behavior parameters.The swimming speed of the juvenile silver carps was positively correlated with the tail beat frequency(TBF),and the fitting equation of oxygen consumption rate(MO2)and tail beat frequency(TBF)was MO2=318.3+1.04 TBF2.87(R2=0.99,P<0.001).The exponent of TBF,known as the speed exponent,is inversely related to swimming efficiency and the value of 2.87 for silver carp indicates relatively inefficient swimming.The standard metabolic rate(SMR)of silver carp is(284.47±30.75)mg/(kg·h),and the fitting value of SMR calculated from the oxygen consumption rate equation was 318.3 mg/(kg·h),close to the measured value.The bio-energetic model for juvenile silver carp is AMR=10.39 M0.12 U0.39(R2=0.95,P<0.001).The establishment of the bio-energetic model provides a reference for the hydraulic design of fish passages for different target fish.
Determining the energy consumption of fish moving upstream would help define the energy consumption pattern of fish and could improve the hydraulic design of fish passages and increase the passage rate.In this study,we examined the relationship between swimming behavior and energy consumption of juvenile silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)in a flume-type respirometer.The swimming behavior of 24 juvenile silver carp was monitored with a video tracking system(Loligo Systems,Denmark)and the active metabolic rate(AMR)was measured using a stepped-velocity test.The DO of respirometer water at different flow rates was measured at set time intervals and the standard metabolic rate was calculated by monitoring DO with no flow using AutoRespTM.Silver carp movement was recorded with a video camera(25 frames/s)set above the swim chamber,connected with the uEye Cockpit program,and LoliTrack was used to analyze fish swimming behavior and obtain swimming behavior parameters.The swimming speed of the juvenile silver carps was positively correlated with the tail beat frequency(TBF),and the fitting equation of oxygen consumption rate(MO2)and tail beat frequency(TBF)was MO2=318.3+1.04 TBF2.87(R2=0.99,P<0.001).The exponent of TBF,known as the speed exponent,is inversely related to swimming efficiency and the value of 2.87 for silver carp indicates relatively inefficient swimming.The standard metabolic rate(SMR)of silver carp is(284.47±30.75)mg/(kg·h),and the fitting value of SMR calculated from the oxygen consumption rate equation was 318.3 mg/(kg·h),close to the measured value.The bio-energetic model for juvenile silver carp is AMR=10.39 M0.12 U0.39(R2=0.95,P<0.001).The establishment of the bio-energetic model provides a reference for the hydraulic design of fish passages for different target fish.
引文
龚丽,吴一红,白音包力皋,等,2015.草鱼幼鱼游泳能力及游泳行为试验研究[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,(3):211-216.
房敏,蔡露,高勇,等,2014.运动消耗对草鱼幼鱼游泳能力的影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,(6):816-820.
柯森繁,陈渴鑫,罗佳,等,2017.鲢顶流游泳速度与摆尾行为相关性分析[J].水产学报,(3):401-406.
李丹,林小涛,朱志明,等,2011.不同流速下杂交鲟幼鱼游泳状态与活动代谢研究[J].水生生物学报,(4):578-585.
刘慧杰,王从锋,朱良康,等,2016.鲢鳙幼鱼临界游泳速度的比较研究[J].水生态学杂志,(4):63-69.
刘慧杰,王从锋,刘德富,等,2017.不同运动状态下鳙幼鱼的游泳特性研究[J].南方水产科学,(2):85-92.
廖朝兴,黄忠志,1986.草鱼在不同的状况下耗氧率的测定[J].淡水渔业,(3):14-16.
涂志英,李丽萍,袁喜,等,2016.圆口铜鱼幼鱼可持续游泳能力及活动代谢研究[J].淡水渔业,(1):33-38.
涂志英,袁喜,王从锋,等,2012.亚成体巨须裂腹鱼游泳能力及活动代谢研究[J].水生生物学报,(4):682-688.
吴青怡,曹振东,付世建,2016.鳊鱼和宽鳍鱲幼鱼流速选择与运动能量代谢特征的关联[J].生态学报,(13):4187-4194.
熊锋,王从锋,刘德富,等,2014.松花江流域青鱼、草鱼、鲢及鳙突进游速比较研究[J].生态科学,(2):339-343.
袁喜,涂志英,韩京成,等,2011.流速对鲫游泳行为和能量消耗影响的研究[J].水生态学杂志,(4):103-109.
张沙龙,张家波,乔晔,等,2016.短须裂腹鱼有氧游泳能力及其行为的实验研究[J].水生态学杂志,(5):56-62.
Behrens J W,Prabel K,Steffensen J F,2006.Swimming energetics of the Barents Sea capelin(Mallotus villosus)during the spawning migration period[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology&Ecology,331(2):208-216.
Boisclair D,Tang M,2010.Empirical analysis of the influence of swimming pattern on the net energetic cost of swimming in fishes[J].Journal of Fish Biology,42(2):169-183.
Bonner N,Peters R H,1983.The ecological implications of body size[M].London:Cambridge University Press:291.
Cheong T S,Kavvas M L,Anderson E K,2006.Evaluation of Adult White Sturgeon Swimming Capabilities and Applications to Fishway Design[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,77(2):197-208.
Hepher B,1988.Nutrition of Pond Fishes:Growth[M].London:Cambridge University Press:147
Herskin J,Steffensen J F,1998.Energy savings in sea bass swimming in a school:measurements of tail beat frequency and oxygen consumption at different swimming speeds[J].Journal of Fish Biology,53(2):366-376.
Kieffer J D,Arsenault L M,Litvak M K,2009.Behaviour and performance of juvenile shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum at different water velocities[J].Journal of Fish Biology,74(3):674-682.
Lee C G,Farrell A P,Lotto A,et al,2003.The effect of temperature on swimming performance and oxygen consumption in adult sockeye(Oncorhynchus nerka)and coho(O.kisutch)salmon stocks[J].Journal of Experimental Biology,206(18):3239-3251.
Ohlberger J,Staaks G,van Dijk P L,et al,2005.Modelling energetic costs of fish swimming[J].Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Comparative Experimental Biology,303A(8):657-664.
Pon L B,Hinch S G,Cooke S J,et al,2009.Physiological,energetic and behavioural correlates of successful fishway passage of adult sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerkain the Seton River,British Columbia[J].Journal of Fish Biology,74(6):1323-1336.
Reidy S P,Nelson J A,Tang Y,et al,1995.Post-exercise metabolic rate in Atlantic cod and its dependence upon the method of exhaustion[J].Journal of Fish Biology,47(3):377-386.
Steinhausen M F,Steffensen J F,Andersen N G,2005.Tail beat frequency as a predictor of swimming speed and oxygen consumption of saithe(Pollachius virens)and whiting(Merlangius merlangus)during forced swimming[J].Marine Biology,148(1):197-204.
Webber D M,Boutilier R G,Kerr S R,et al,2001.Caudal differential pressure as a predictor of swimming speed of cod(Gadus morhua).[J].Journal of Experimental Biology,204(20):3561-3570.
Yagci O,2010.Hydraulic aspects of pool-weir fishways as ecologically friendly water structure[J].Ecological Engineering,36(1):36-46.
房敏,蔡露,高勇,等,2014.运动消耗对草鱼幼鱼游泳能力的影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,(6):816-820.
柯森繁,陈渴鑫,罗佳,等,2017.鲢顶流游泳速度与摆尾行为相关性分析[J].水产学报,(3):401-406.
李丹,林小涛,朱志明,等,2011.不同流速下杂交鲟幼鱼游泳状态与活动代谢研究[J].水生生物学报,(4):578-585.
刘慧杰,王从锋,朱良康,等,2016.鲢鳙幼鱼临界游泳速度的比较研究[J].水生态学杂志,(4):63-69.
刘慧杰,王从锋,刘德富,等,2017.不同运动状态下鳙幼鱼的游泳特性研究[J].南方水产科学,(2):85-92.
廖朝兴,黄忠志,1986.草鱼在不同的状况下耗氧率的测定[J].淡水渔业,(3):14-16.
涂志英,李丽萍,袁喜,等,2016.圆口铜鱼幼鱼可持续游泳能力及活动代谢研究[J].淡水渔业,(1):33-38.
涂志英,袁喜,王从锋,等,2012.亚成体巨须裂腹鱼游泳能力及活动代谢研究[J].水生生物学报,(4):682-688.
吴青怡,曹振东,付世建,2016.鳊鱼和宽鳍鱲幼鱼流速选择与运动能量代谢特征的关联[J].生态学报,(13):4187-4194.
熊锋,王从锋,刘德富,等,2014.松花江流域青鱼、草鱼、鲢及鳙突进游速比较研究[J].生态科学,(2):339-343.
袁喜,涂志英,韩京成,等,2011.流速对鲫游泳行为和能量消耗影响的研究[J].水生态学杂志,(4):103-109.
张沙龙,张家波,乔晔,等,2016.短须裂腹鱼有氧游泳能力及其行为的实验研究[J].水生态学杂志,(5):56-62.
Behrens J W,Prabel K,Steffensen J F,2006.Swimming energetics of the Barents Sea capelin(Mallotus villosus)during the spawning migration period[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology&Ecology,331(2):208-216.
Boisclair D,Tang M,2010.Empirical analysis of the influence of swimming pattern on the net energetic cost of swimming in fishes[J].Journal of Fish Biology,42(2):169-183.
Bonner N,Peters R H,1983.The ecological implications of body size[M].London:Cambridge University Press:291.
Cheong T S,Kavvas M L,Anderson E K,2006.Evaluation of Adult White Sturgeon Swimming Capabilities and Applications to Fishway Design[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,77(2):197-208.
Hepher B,1988.Nutrition of Pond Fishes:Growth[M].London:Cambridge University Press:147
Herskin J,Steffensen J F,1998.Energy savings in sea bass swimming in a school:measurements of tail beat frequency and oxygen consumption at different swimming speeds[J].Journal of Fish Biology,53(2):366-376.
Kieffer J D,Arsenault L M,Litvak M K,2009.Behaviour and performance of juvenile shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum at different water velocities[J].Journal of Fish Biology,74(3):674-682.
Lee C G,Farrell A P,Lotto A,et al,2003.The effect of temperature on swimming performance and oxygen consumption in adult sockeye(Oncorhynchus nerka)and coho(O.kisutch)salmon stocks[J].Journal of Experimental Biology,206(18):3239-3251.
Ohlberger J,Staaks G,van Dijk P L,et al,2005.Modelling energetic costs of fish swimming[J].Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Comparative Experimental Biology,303A(8):657-664.
Pon L B,Hinch S G,Cooke S J,et al,2009.Physiological,energetic and behavioural correlates of successful fishway passage of adult sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerkain the Seton River,British Columbia[J].Journal of Fish Biology,74(6):1323-1336.
Reidy S P,Nelson J A,Tang Y,et al,1995.Post-exercise metabolic rate in Atlantic cod and its dependence upon the method of exhaustion[J].Journal of Fish Biology,47(3):377-386.
Steinhausen M F,Steffensen J F,Andersen N G,2005.Tail beat frequency as a predictor of swimming speed and oxygen consumption of saithe(Pollachius virens)and whiting(Merlangius merlangus)during forced swimming[J].Marine Biology,148(1):197-204.
Webber D M,Boutilier R G,Kerr S R,et al,2001.Caudal differential pressure as a predictor of swimming speed of cod(Gadus morhua).[J].Journal of Experimental Biology,204(20):3561-3570.
Yagci O,2010.Hydraulic aspects of pool-weir fishways as ecologically friendly water structure[J].Ecological Engineering,36(1):36-46.