钽铌矿尾砂胶结充填体力学特性及损伤规律研究
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摘要
为了研究钽铌矿尾砂胶结充填体物理力学特性与损伤演化规律,在RMT-150C岩石力学试验系统上分别对3组不同质量分数(68%,72%,76%)的钽铌矿尾砂胶结充填体试件进行了单轴压缩和劈裂破坏力学试验;获取充填体试件各种力学参数,得到了充填体试件应力-应变关系曲线,详细分析了充填体试件整个试验过程的破坏机理,推导并构建了3组不同质量分数的充填体试件损伤本构方程和损伤演化方程。试验结果表明:充填体试件质量分数越大,拉压强度和弹性模量越大,而泊松比却越小;不同质量分数的充填体试件在峰值应力时,其损伤程度不同,质量分数越大,损伤越大;在峰值应力前,充填体试件损伤扩展较为缓慢;峰值应力后,质量分数越小,损伤扩展越快。基于应变等价原理建立的尾砂胶结充填体单轴压缩状态下的损伤本构方程与损伤演化方程能够较好地描述充填体试件的损伤演化规律和破坏过程,且由本构模型建立的理论曲线与通过试验拟合得到的曲线吻合度较好。研究结果对钽铌矿尾砂充填采空区确保矿山安全生产具有一定的工程指导意义。
In order to study the physical and mechanical properties and damage rules of cemented tailings backfill with tantalum-niobium ore, uniaxial compressive and splitting failure mechanical tests were conducted on 3 sets of cemented tailings specimens with different tailings concentration(68%,72%, 76%) in the RMT-150 C rock mechanics test system. The various mechanical parameters and the stress-strain relationship curves of the filled specimens have been obtained. The damage mechanism of the test specimens in the whole test process has been analyzed in detail. The damage constitutive equations and damage evolution equations of three different concentrations of backfill specimens have been deduced and established. The test results have shown that the greater the concentration of backfill, the higher the tensile and compressive strength and elastic modulus, and the Poisson's ratio is smaller; the damage of the specimens with different concentrations at peak stress is different — the greater the concentration, the greater the damage; before peak stress, the damage expansion of backfill is slower and after peak stress, the smaller the concentration, the faster the damage grows. The damage constitutive equation and damage evolution equation of the cemented tailings backfill in uniaxial compression based on the strain equivalent principle can describe the damage evolution characteristics and damage process of the backfill, and the theoretical curve established by the constitutive model agrees well with the curve obtained by experimental fitting. The results have engineering guiding significance for ensuring the safe production in the mined-out area with tantalum-niobium tailings.
In order to study the physical and mechanical properties and damage rules of cemented tailings backfill with tantalum-niobium ore, uniaxial compressive and splitting failure mechanical tests were conducted on 3 sets of cemented tailings specimens with different tailings concentration(68%,72%, 76%) in the RMT-150 C rock mechanics test system. The various mechanical parameters and the stress-strain relationship curves of the filled specimens have been obtained. The damage mechanism of the test specimens in the whole test process has been analyzed in detail. The damage constitutive equations and damage evolution equations of three different concentrations of backfill specimens have been deduced and established. The test results have shown that the greater the concentration of backfill, the higher the tensile and compressive strength and elastic modulus, and the Poisson's ratio is smaller; the damage of the specimens with different concentrations at peak stress is different — the greater the concentration, the greater the damage; before peak stress, the damage expansion of backfill is slower and after peak stress, the smaller the concentration, the faster the damage grows. The damage constitutive equation and damage evolution equation of the cemented tailings backfill in uniaxial compression based on the strain equivalent principle can describe the damage evolution characteristics and damage process of the backfill, and the theoretical curve established by the constitutive model agrees well with the curve obtained by experimental fitting. The results have engineering guiding significance for ensuring the safe production in the mined-out area with tantalum-niobium tailings.
引文
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[7]刘志祥,李夕兵,赵国彦,等.充填体与岩体三维能量耗损规律及合理匹配[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(2):344-348.LIU Zhixiang,LI Xibing,ZHAO Guoyan,et al.Three-dimensional energy dissipation laws and reasonable matches between backfill and rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(2):344-348.
[8]邓代强,杨耀亮,姚中亮.拉压全过程充填体演化本构方程研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(4):485-488.DENG Daiqiang,YANG Yaoliang,YAO Zhongliang.Research on constitutive equation of damage evolution of backfill based on the full tensile and compressive process[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2006,23(4):485-488.
[9]刘超,韩斌,孙伟,等.高寒地区废石破碎胶结充填体强度特性试验研究与工业应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(1):139-147.LIU Chao,HAN Bin,SUN Wei,et al.Experimental study of strength of backfillings of cemented rock debris and its application under low temperature condition[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(1):139-147.
[10]吴疆宇,冯梅梅,郁邦永,等.连续级配废石胶结充填体强度及变形特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(1):101-108.WU Jiangyu,FENG Meimei,YU Bangyong,et al.Experimental study of strength and deformation characteristics of cemented waste rock backfills with continuous[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(1):101-108.
[11]贺桂成,刘永.废石胶结充填体强度特性及其应用研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(1):74-79.HE Guicheng,LIU Yong.Strength characteristic of cemented waste rock backfills and it application[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(1):74-79.
[12]赵康,鄢化彪,冯萧,等.基于能量法的矿柱稳定性分析[J].力学学报,2016,48(4):976-983.ZHAO Kang,YAN Huabiao,FENG Xiao,et a1.Stability analysis of pillar based on energy law[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2016,48(4):976-983.
[13]赵奎,王晓军,刘洪兴,等.布筋尾砂胶结充填体顶板力学性状试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(1):9-14.ZHAO Kui,WANG XiaoJun,LIU Hongxing,et a1.Experimental study of mechanical behaviors of cemented tailings backfill roof with reinforcement[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(1):9-14.
[14]龚囱,李长洪,赵奎.加卸荷条件下胶结充填体声发射b值特征研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(5):788-794.GONG Cong,LI Changhong,ZHAO Kui.Experimental study on b-value characteristics of acoustics emission of cemented filling body under loading and unloading test[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(5):788-794.
[15]胡京涛,赵奎,胡慧明,等.尾砂胶结充填体声发射特征的分形分析[J].有色金属科学与工程,2011,2(2):78-82.HU Jingtao,ZHAO Kui,HU Huiming,et al.On the characteristics of acoustic emission of cemented tailings fill based on fractal theory[J].Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering,2011,2(2):78-82.
[16]LEMAITRE J.How to use damage mechanics[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,1984,80(2):233-245.
[17]LEMAITRE J.损伤力学教程[M].倪金刚,陶春虎,译.北京:科学出版社,1996:2-18.
[18]MAZARS J.A description of macro scale damage of concreted structures[J].Engineering Facture Mechanics,1986,25(5/6):729-737.
[19]谢和平.岩石混凝土损伤力学[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社,1990:120-124.
[20]余寿文,冯西桥.损伤力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997:10-16.
[2]中国瑞林工程技术有限公司.江西赣南钨资源综合利用示范基地建设大吉山钽铌钨矿体开发利用工程初步设计[R].南昌:中国瑞林工程技术有限公司,2013.
[3]李一帆,张建明,邓飞,等.深部采空区尾砂胶结充填体强度特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(6):865-868.LI Yifan,ZHANG Jianming,DENG Fei,et al.Experimental study on strength characteristics of tailings cement backfilling at deep-seated mined-out area[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(6):865-868.
[4]高建科,杨长祥.金川二矿区深部采场围岩与充填体变形规律预测[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(增刊2):2625-2632.GAO Jianke,YANG Changxiang.Deformation rule of wall rock and filling in deep stope in deposit 2 of Jinchuan[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(Sup 2):2625-2632.
[5]彭府华,李庶林,李小强,等.金川二矿区大体积充填体变形机制与变形监测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(1):104-113.PENG Fuhua,LI Shulin,LI Xiaoqiang,et al.Deformation monitoring of bulky backfill in No.2 mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(1):104-113.
[6]鲁全胜,高谦.金川二矿区采场巷道围岩与充填体收敛变形监测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(增刊2):2633-2638.LU Quansheng,GAO Qian.Monitoring research on convergence deformation of laneway way rock and obsturator in No.2 digging of Jinchuan[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(Sup 2):2633-2638.
[7]刘志祥,李夕兵,赵国彦,等.充填体与岩体三维能量耗损规律及合理匹配[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(2):344-348.LIU Zhixiang,LI Xibing,ZHAO Guoyan,et al.Three-dimensional energy dissipation laws and reasonable matches between backfill and rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(2):344-348.
[8]邓代强,杨耀亮,姚中亮.拉压全过程充填体演化本构方程研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(4):485-488.DENG Daiqiang,YANG Yaoliang,YAO Zhongliang.Research on constitutive equation of damage evolution of backfill based on the full tensile and compressive process[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2006,23(4):485-488.
[9]刘超,韩斌,孙伟,等.高寒地区废石破碎胶结充填体强度特性试验研究与工业应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(1):139-147.LIU Chao,HAN Bin,SUN Wei,et al.Experimental study of strength of backfillings of cemented rock debris and its application under low temperature condition[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(1):139-147.
[10]吴疆宇,冯梅梅,郁邦永,等.连续级配废石胶结充填体强度及变形特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(1):101-108.WU Jiangyu,FENG Meimei,YU Bangyong,et al.Experimental study of strength and deformation characteristics of cemented waste rock backfills with continuous[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(1):101-108.
[11]贺桂成,刘永.废石胶结充填体强度特性及其应用研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(1):74-79.HE Guicheng,LIU Yong.Strength characteristic of cemented waste rock backfills and it application[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(1):74-79.
[12]赵康,鄢化彪,冯萧,等.基于能量法的矿柱稳定性分析[J].力学学报,2016,48(4):976-983.ZHAO Kang,YAN Huabiao,FENG Xiao,et a1.Stability analysis of pillar based on energy law[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2016,48(4):976-983.
[13]赵奎,王晓军,刘洪兴,等.布筋尾砂胶结充填体顶板力学性状试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(1):9-14.ZHAO Kui,WANG XiaoJun,LIU Hongxing,et a1.Experimental study of mechanical behaviors of cemented tailings backfill roof with reinforcement[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(1):9-14.
[14]龚囱,李长洪,赵奎.加卸荷条件下胶结充填体声发射b值特征研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(5):788-794.GONG Cong,LI Changhong,ZHAO Kui.Experimental study on b-value characteristics of acoustics emission of cemented filling body under loading and unloading test[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(5):788-794.
[15]胡京涛,赵奎,胡慧明,等.尾砂胶结充填体声发射特征的分形分析[J].有色金属科学与工程,2011,2(2):78-82.HU Jingtao,ZHAO Kui,HU Huiming,et al.On the characteristics of acoustic emission of cemented tailings fill based on fractal theory[J].Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering,2011,2(2):78-82.
[16]LEMAITRE J.How to use damage mechanics[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,1984,80(2):233-245.
[17]LEMAITRE J.损伤力学教程[M].倪金刚,陶春虎,译.北京:科学出版社,1996:2-18.
[18]MAZARS J.A description of macro scale damage of concreted structures[J].Engineering Facture Mechanics,1986,25(5/6):729-737.
[19]谢和平.岩石混凝土损伤力学[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社,1990:120-124.
[20]余寿文,冯西桥.损伤力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997:10-16.
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