学位的功能、结构与学位授予权的本质——兼论《中华人民共和国学位条例》修订的基本问题
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摘要
"教师资格"是古典学位制度的基础结构,由对内"授业权"与对外"传道权"构成。随着学位制度的发展,教师资格逐渐从现代学位制度体系中剥离,形成了以知识为核心的能力评价体系。学位根源于对知识生产机构生产效果的权威认可。基于不同的学科知识的特性,学术组织产生了专门部门,产生了差异化的学术传统,呈现出不同的组织和制度安排。我国在学位立法与修法的过程中,需要兼顾学位制度的传统发展与中国学术演进的现实环境,通过国家学位立法来完善和保障学术生态的建立,维护和塑造有利于知识创新与发展的良好环境,构建国家知识创新体系,推动知识的持续创新。
"Teacher qualification" is the basic structure of the classical degree system in medieval universities.With the development of modern academic system,teacher qualification has been stripped gradually.Degree is the official certification for the production quality of the knowledge innovation institutions.Based on the characteristics of different disciplines,various faculties have been generated following different academic traditions and different organizational & institutional arrangements.This is the root of the degree system.In the process of academic degree legislation in China,it is necessary to take into account both the traditional development of academic degree system and the realistic environment of academic evolution.The establishment of academic ecology should be guaranteed through national academic degree legislation process,so as to maintain and shape a better environment for knowledge innovation and development.Building a national knowledge innovation system to promote continuous creation is the goal of degree legislation.
"Teacher qualification" is the basic structure of the classical degree system in medieval universities.With the development of modern academic system,teacher qualification has been stripped gradually.Degree is the official certification for the production quality of the knowledge innovation institutions.Based on the characteristics of different disciplines,various faculties have been generated following different academic traditions and different organizational & institutional arrangements.This is the root of the degree system.In the process of academic degree legislation in China,it is necessary to take into account both the traditional development of academic degree system and the realistic environment of academic evolution.The establishment of academic ecology should be guaranteed through national academic degree legislation process,so as to maintain and shape a better environment for knowledge innovation and development.Building a national knowledge innovation system to promote continuous creation is the goal of degree legislation.
引文
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[16]金自宁.大学自主权:国家行政还是社团自治[J].清华法学,2007(2):19-34.
[17]朱芒.高校校规的法律属性研究[J].中国法学,2018(4):140-159.
[18]周光礼.论学位授予行为的法律性质[J].科技进步与对策,2004(3):57-59.
[19]阿特巴赫.比较高等教育:知识、大学与发展[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2001:96.
[20]许美德.中国大学1895-1995:一个文化冲突的世纪[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2000:26.
[21]贺国庆.欧洲中世纪大学[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2009:104.
[2]杨少琳.法国学位制度研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2009.
[3]科班.中世纪大学:组织与发展[M].周常明,王晓宇,译.济南:山东教育出版社,2013:34-36.
[4]周光礼,马海泉.教学学术能力:大学教师发展与评价的新框架[J].教育研究,2013(8):37-47.
[5]LAURIE S S. Lectures on the rise and early constitution of universi-ties[M]. London:Kegan Paul, Trench&Co., 1886:215-216.
[6]PEDERSEN O. The first universities[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge U-niversity Press, 1997.
[7]BOWNE J. A history of western education(Volumes 2)[M]. Lon-don:Methuen and Co., 1981:111.
[8]韦尔热.中世纪大学[M].王晓辉,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2007:51.
[9]拉斯达尔.中世纪的欧洲大学(第一卷):大学的起源[M].崔延强,邓磊,译.重庆:重庆大学出版社,2011:7.
[10]MULLINGER J B. The University of Cambridge[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1873:354.
[11] RAIT R S. Life in the Medieval University[M].Cambridge:Cam-bridge University Press, 1918.
[12]WIERUSZOWSKI H. The Medieval University[M]. Princeton:Anvil, 1966.
[13]谢桂华.20世纪的中国高等教育:学位制度和研究生教育卷[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003:75.
[14]应松年,薛刚凌.论行政权[J].政法论坛(中国政法大学学报),2001(4):52-63.
[15]熊庆年,蔡樱华.高校学术权力组织的制度再造与政府规制[J].复旦教育论坛,2018, 16(4):37-42.
[16]金自宁.大学自主权:国家行政还是社团自治[J].清华法学,2007(2):19-34.
[17]朱芒.高校校规的法律属性研究[J].中国法学,2018(4):140-159.
[18]周光礼.论学位授予行为的法律性质[J].科技进步与对策,2004(3):57-59.
[19]阿特巴赫.比较高等教育:知识、大学与发展[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2001:96.
[20]许美德.中国大学1895-1995:一个文化冲突的世纪[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2000:26.
[21]贺国庆.欧洲中世纪大学[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2009:104.