刈割次数对紫花苜蓿镉吸收影响及生理响应
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摘要
采用盆栽试验研究了4种镉(Cd)浓度(0,10,25,50mg/kg)下,刈割次数(1次,2次,3次)对紫花苜蓿生长和Cd累积量的影响及其生理响应。结果发现,多次刈割提高了紫花苜蓿地上部分的生长速率,促进了地上部分生物量的累积,3次刈割下地上部平均生长速率可达61.6mg/(株·d),但3次刈割显著抑制了根系的生长(P<0.05)。生长季内2次和3次刈割可以促进根系Cd吸收,增加地上部分Cd累积量,进而提高紫花苜蓿Cd富集量,单株最大镉积累量出现在25mg/kg Cd浓度的2次刈割处理中,达到75.98μg/株。同时,2次或3次刈割会降低紫花苜蓿相对电导率、MDA含量,增加脯氨酸含量,改善紫花苜蓿在Cd胁迫下的生理状况。综合分析表明,当土壤Cd浓度不高于25mg/kg时,紫花苜蓿生长季内2次刈割可以提高Cd污染土壤修复效率。
Alfalfa(Medicago sativa)is a promising plant species for phytoremediation in soils polluted by heavy metals.This species has been reported to have a high growth rate and great potential for cadmium(Cd)accumulation.Alfalfa plants must be cut several times to reduce soil Cd concentrations to acceptable levels.Therefore,the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of one,two,and three cuttings on the growth,Cd content,and physiological characteristics of alfalfa plants grown in Cd-contaminated soil.Alfalfa plants were grown in soil containing no Cd(control)and Cd at three concentrations(10,25,50 mg/kg)and cut once,twice,or three times.A higher number of cutting events promoted the growth rate and biomass accumulation in the shoot.The highest average shoot growth rate was 61.6mg/(plant·d)in the three-cuttings treatment,but root growth was significantly lower in this treatment(P<0.05)than in the other treatments and the control.Over the whole growth cycle,cutting twice or three times improved the Cd uptake rate in the root and Cd accumulation in the shoot,thus increasing Cd enrichment in alfalfa plants.The highest Cd accumulation was75.98μg/plant in the 25mg/kg Cd treatment with two cuttings.The relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde(MDA)contents were lower in the two-cuttings and three-cuttings treatments than in the single cutting treatment,but the proline contents were higher,which improved the tolerance of alfalfa to Cd toxicity under Cd stress.We concluded that in soil containing Cd at≤ 25mg/kg,two cuttings can significantly improve the repair efficiency of alfalfa plants growing in Cd-polluted soil.
Alfalfa(Medicago sativa)is a promising plant species for phytoremediation in soils polluted by heavy metals.This species has been reported to have a high growth rate and great potential for cadmium(Cd)accumulation.Alfalfa plants must be cut several times to reduce soil Cd concentrations to acceptable levels.Therefore,the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of one,two,and three cuttings on the growth,Cd content,and physiological characteristics of alfalfa plants grown in Cd-contaminated soil.Alfalfa plants were grown in soil containing no Cd(control)and Cd at three concentrations(10,25,50 mg/kg)and cut once,twice,or three times.A higher number of cutting events promoted the growth rate and biomass accumulation in the shoot.The highest average shoot growth rate was 61.6mg/(plant·d)in the three-cuttings treatment,but root growth was significantly lower in this treatment(P<0.05)than in the other treatments and the control.Over the whole growth cycle,cutting twice or three times improved the Cd uptake rate in the root and Cd accumulation in the shoot,thus increasing Cd enrichment in alfalfa plants.The highest Cd accumulation was75.98μg/plant in the 25mg/kg Cd treatment with two cuttings.The relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde(MDA)contents were lower in the two-cuttings and three-cuttings treatments than in the single cutting treatment,but the proline contents were higher,which improved the tolerance of alfalfa to Cd toxicity under Cd stress.We concluded that in soil containing Cd at≤ 25mg/kg,two cuttings can significantly improve the repair efficiency of alfalfa plants growing in Cd-polluted soil.
引文
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[2]Zhang X Y,Xu Y N,Niu M L.Summary of sources and status of soil heavy metal pollution in China.Resources Economization&Environment Protection,2013,(2):55.张晓云,许延娜,牛明雷.我国重金属污染来源及污染现状概述.资源节约与环保,2013,(2):55.
[3]Ran L,Li H H.Progress in the research of present situation of soil cadmium pollution and its hazards.Journal of Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences:Natural Science Edition,2011,30(4):69-73.冉烈,李会合.土壤镉污染现状及危害研究进展.重庆文理学院学报:自然科学版,2011,30(4):69-73.
[4]Du L N,Yu R Z,Wang H Y,et al.Pollution and toxicity of cadmium:a review of recent studies.Journal of Environment and Health,2013,30(2):167-174.杜丽娜,余若祯,王海燕,等.重金属镉污染及其毒性研究进展.环境与健康杂志,2013,30(2):167-174.
[5]Xu S L,Xing C H,Fang Y.The effect of cadmium stress on growth and Cd content of alfalfa.Guangdong Trace Elements Science,2008,15(3):23-26.徐苏凌,邢承华,方勇.镉胁迫对紫花苜蓿生长及植株镉含量的影响.广东微量元素科学,2008,15(3):23-26.
[6]Fan R,Feng Y J,Hao G X,et al.Study on growth and utilization of alfalfa grown in Cd-rich substrate.Pratacultural Science,2009,26(10):67-72.樊瑞,冯永军,郝桂喜,等.富镉基质中紫花苜蓿的生长与利用研究.草业科学,2009,26(10):67-72.
[7]Li X M,Song G L.Cadmium uptake and root morphological changes in Medicago sativa under cadmium stress.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(2):178-186.李希铭,宋桂龙.镉胁迫对紫花苜蓿镉吸收特征及根系形态影响.草业学报,2016,25(2):178-186.
[8]Sherifi E,Bytyqi A,Lluga-Rizani K.The concentration of Pb and Cd to Medicago sativa L.along Lipjan-Prizren highway and their influence on biomass.Journal of Engineering&Applied Sciences,2009,4(1):60-63.
[9]Wang X,Jia Y F.Heavy metals accumulation and phytoremediation of alfalfa in contaminated soil.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2009,40(4):932-935.王新,贾永锋.紫花苜蓿对土壤重金属富集及污染修复的潜力.土壤通报,2009,40(4):932-935.
[10]Peralta-Videa J R,Gardea-Torresdey J L,Gomez E,et al.Effect of mixed cadmium,copper,nickel and zinc at different pHs upon alfalfa growth and heavy metal uptake.Environmental Pollution,2002,119(3):291-301.
[11]Li W X,Chen T B,Liu Y R.Effects of harvesting on As accumulation and removal efficiency of As by Chinese brake(Pterisvittata L.).Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(3):538-542.李文学,陈同斌,刘颖茹.刈割对蜈蚣草的砷吸收和植物修复效率的影响.生态学报,2005,25(3):538-542.
[12]Pei X,Guo Z,Li J Y,et al.Effects of cutting on regeneration and Cd-accumulation by Solanum nigrum L.Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University:Agricultural Science,2007,25(2):125-129.裴昕,郭智,李建勇,等.刈割对龙葵生长和富集镉的影响及其机理.上海交通大学学报:农业科学版,2007,25(2):125-129.
[13]Wójcik M,Vangronsveld J,Tukiendorf A.Cadmium tolerance in Thlaspi caerulescens:I.Growth parameters,metal accumulation and phytochelatin synthesis in response to cadmium.Environmental and Experimental Botany,2005,53(2):151-161.
[14]Gonzaga M I S,Santos J A G,Ma L Q.Phytoextraction by arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L.from six arsenic-contaminated soils:Repeated harvests and arsenic redistribution.Environmental Pollution,2008,154(2):212-218.
[15]Fu D F,Wen L.The phytoremediation of ryegrass on multiple heavy metal soils by two reinforced methods.China Environmental Science,2008,28(9):786-790.傅大放,温丽.两种强化措施辅助黑麦草修复重金属污染土壤.中国环境科学,2008,28(9):786-790.
[16]Chen J X.Experimental Instruction of Plant Physiology[M].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology Press,2002:64-65.陈建勋.植物生理学实验指导[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2002:64-65.
[17]Li M,Wang G X.Effect of drought stress on activities of cell defense enzymes and lipid peroxidation in Glycyrrhiza uralensis seedlings.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2002,22(4):503-507.李明,王根轩.干旱胁迫对甘草幼苗保护酶活性及脂质过氧化作用的影响.生态学报,2002,22(4):503-507.
[18]Sun N X.Physiological Response of Cutting Medicago sativa to Cadmium Stress and Accumulation Property[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2015.孙宁骁.刈割对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)镉富集特性及耐性生理影响研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015.
[19]Belsky A J,Carson W P,Jensen C L,et al.Overcompensation by plants:Herbivore optimization or red herring.Evolutionary Ecology,1993,7(1):109-121.
[20]Li Y Q,Sheng C F.Plant overcompensation responses.Plant Physiology Communications,1996,(6):457-464.李跃强,盛承发.植物的超越补偿反应.植物生理学通讯,1996,(6):457-464.
[21]Dai H J,Xie Y Z,Hu Y L.Effects of different mowing intensities on growth and net photosynthesis and soluble sugar content of Medicago sativa Linn.Plant Physiology Communications,2009,45(11):1061-1064.代红军,谢应忠,胡艳莉.不同刈割程度对紫花苜蓿生长、净光合速率和可溶性糖含量的影响.植物生理学通讯,2009,45(11):1061-1064.
[22]Jin W B,Zhang F B.Response of quality and growth characteristics of Medicago sativafor the different intensity of cutting.Northern Horticulture,2014,(21):72-77.金文斌,张凡兵.紫花苜蓿生长特性及品质对不同刈割强度的响应.北方园艺,2014,(21):72-77.
[23]Wang W,Jia Y S,Zhou T R,et al.The influence of mowing measures on the soluble sugar content in alfalfa root and green rate.Feed Industry,2015,36(11):31-34.王伟,贾玉山,周天荣,等.刈割措施对紫花苜蓿根系内可溶性糖含量及返青率的影响.饲料工业,2015,36(11):31-34.
[24]Schonbach P,Wan H,Gierus M,et al.Grassland responses to grazing:effects of grazing intensity and management system in an Inner Mongolian steppe ecosystem.Plant&Soil,2011,340(1/2):103-115.
[25]Wang Y R,Guo Z G,Liu H X.Effect of cutting on root growth in lucerne.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2004,24(2):215-220.王彦荣,郭正刚,刘慧霞.刈割对紫花苜蓿根系生长影响的初步分析.西北植物学报,2004,24(2):215-220.
[26]Zhang Z X,Sun X T,Chen X Y.Cutting frequency effect on root system and aboverground part biomass of Lespedeze bicolor.Pratacultural Science,2005,22(5):25-28.张志翔,孙显涛,陈晓阳.不同刈割频度下二色胡枝子根系及地上生物量的研究.草业科学,2005,22(5):25-28.
[27]Qin L,Li Y,Zu Y Q,et al.Effects of Cd contamination on the root exudates of Sonchus asper L.Hill.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2012,21(3):540-544.秦丽,李元,祖艳群,等.镉胁迫对续断菊Sonchus asper L.Hill.根系分泌物的影响.生态环境学报,2012,21(3):540-544.
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