修剪对土壤Pb形态及高羊茅Pb含量的影响
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摘要
采用盆栽试验研究了4种铅(Pb)浓度(0、500、1 000、1 500mg·kg~(-1))、不同修剪次数(不修剪、1次、2次、5次)下高羊茅(Festuca elata)Pb含量变化、土壤中Pb形态变化以及亚细胞形态结构变化。结果表明:Pb胁迫下,修剪处理提高土壤酸度,土壤中Pb酸溶态及可还原态含量随修剪次数的增加呈现增加趋势,其中5次修剪的酸溶态及可还原态含量显著大于其他修剪处理(P<0.05)。修剪显著提高了高羊茅根系及留茬部位Pb含量,且转运到地上的Pb主要积累在留茬部分。修剪处理下的高羊茅根尖细胞壁积累了大量Pb,致密电子层更加明显。留茬成熟叶片叶绿体内质体小球数量骤增,氧化伤害加重。综合分析表明,修剪处理可以提高土壤中Pb的生物有效性,促进高羊茅根系对Pb的吸收,以及向留茬部分的转运及积累。
To investigate the effects of different cutting frequencies(no cutting,once,twice,5 times)and different lead(Pb)concentrations(0,500,1 000,1 500 mg·kg~(-1))on Pb accumulation in tall fescue(Festuca elata),the change in Pb form and subcellular morphological structure were analyzed and cutting tests were conducted under Pb stress in pot culture.The main results were as follows:cutting treatment increased the acidity of soil,the acid-extractable and reducible state of Pb in the soil showed an increasing trend,and the acidextractable and reducible state content of Pb under 5 cuttings were significantly higher than those under other cutting treatments(P<0.05).As cutting frequency increased,Pb content in the stubble and root of tall fescue increased,and the aboveground Pb accumulated mainly in the stubble.Under cutting treatment,a large amount of Pb accumulated in the cell wall of the root tip of tall fescue and the dense electron layer became more obvious.The number of plastids in the mature leaf chloroplasts of stubble increased sharply and oxidative damage was aggravated.Comprehensive analysis showed that cutting treatment can improve the bioavailability of Pb in the soil,promote the absorption of Pb by the roots of tall fescue,and enhance the transport Pb to the stubble part.
To investigate the effects of different cutting frequencies(no cutting,once,twice,5 times)and different lead(Pb)concentrations(0,500,1 000,1 500 mg·kg~(-1))on Pb accumulation in tall fescue(Festuca elata),the change in Pb form and subcellular morphological structure were analyzed and cutting tests were conducted under Pb stress in pot culture.The main results were as follows:cutting treatment increased the acidity of soil,the acid-extractable and reducible state of Pb in the soil showed an increasing trend,and the acidextractable and reducible state content of Pb under 5 cuttings were significantly higher than those under other cutting treatments(P<0.05).As cutting frequency increased,Pb content in the stubble and root of tall fescue increased,and the aboveground Pb accumulated mainly in the stubble.Under cutting treatment,a large amount of Pb accumulated in the cell wall of the root tip of tall fescue and the dense electron layer became more obvious.The number of plastids in the mature leaf chloroplasts of stubble increased sharply and oxidative damage was aggravated.Comprehensive analysis showed that cutting treatment can improve the bioavailability of Pb in the soil,promote the absorption of Pb by the roots of tall fescue,and enhance the transport Pb to the stubble part.
引文
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[20]章海波,骆永明,赵其国,张甘霖,黄铭洪.香港土壤研究Ⅶ.BCR提取法研究重金属的形态及其潜在环境风险.土壤学报,2010,47(5):865-871.ZHANG H B,LUO Y M,ZHAO Q G,ZHANG G L,HUANG M H.Hong Kong soil researchesⅦ.Research on fractions of heavy metals and their potential environmental risks in soil based on BCR sequential extraction.Acta Pedologica Sinica,2010,47(5):865-871.
[21]李娜,孙宁骁,宋桂龙,濮阳雪华,周述琼,赵克奇,蒋凯.刈割次数对紫花苜蓿镉吸收影响及生理响应.草业学报,2017,26(5):109-117.LI N,SUN N X,SONG G L,PUYANG X H,ZHOU S Q,ZHAO K Q,JIANG K.Effects of cutting frequency on cadmium uptake and physiological responses of Medicago sativa under cadmium stress.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(5):109-117.
[22]钟海涛.镉在小飞扬草各组织器官积累机理研究.广州:华南理工大学硕士学位论文,2013.ZHONG H T.Study on mechanism of cadmium accumulation on histology in the Euphorbia thymifolia L.Master Thesis.Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2013.
[23]SARWAR N,SAIFULLAH,MALHI S S,ZIA M H,NAEEM A,BIBI S,FARID G.Role of mineral nutrient in minimizing cadmium accumulation by plants.Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2010,90:925-937.
[24]ZENG F,ALI S,ZHANG H T,OUYANG Y,QIU B,WU F,ZHANG G.The influence of pH and organic matter content in paddy soil on heavy metal availability and their uptake by rice plants.Environmental Pollution,2011,159(1):84-91.
[25]张朝阳,彭平安,刘承帅,宋建中,毕新慧.华南电子垃圾回收区农田土壤重金属污染及其化学形态分布.生态环境学报,2012,21(10):1742-1748.ZHANG C Y,PENG P A,LIU C S,SONG J Z,BI X H.Heavy metal contaminations and chemical speciation of farmland soils in an e-waste recycling town in South China.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2012,21(10):1742-1748.
[26]BEGONIA M T,BEGONIA G B,IGHOAVODHA M,GILLIARD D.Lead accumulation by tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)grown on a lead-contaminated soil.International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health,2005,2(2):228-233.
[27]孙宁骁,宋桂龙.紫花苜蓿对镉胁迫的生理响应及积累特性.草业科学,2015,32(4):581-585.SUN N X,SONG G L.Physiological response of Medicago sativato cadmium stress and accumulation property.Pratacultural Science,2015,32(4):581-585.
[28]BELSKY A J,CARSON W P,JENSEN C L,FOX G A.Overcompensation by plants:Herbivore optimization or red herring?Evolutionary Ecology,1993,7(1):109-121.
[29]NAJEEB U,JILANI G,ALI S,SARWAR M,XU L,ZHOU W J.Insights into cadmium induced physiological and ultra-structural disorders in Juncus effusus L.and its remediation through exogenous citric acid.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,186(1):565-574.
[30]秦建桥,夏北成,赵鹏.五节芒不同种群对Cd污染胁迫的光合生理响应.生态学报,2010,20(2):288-299.QIN J Q,XIA B C,ZHAO P.Photosynthetic physiological response of two Miscanthus floridulus populations to Cd stress.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,20(2):288-299.
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[2]CHANEY R L,MALIK M,LI Y M,BROWN S L,BREWER E P,ANGLE J S,BAKER A J.Phytoremediation of soil metals.Current Opinion in Biotechnology,1997,8:279-284.
[3]廖晓勇,陈同斌,阎秀兰,聂灿军.提高植物修复效率的技术途径与强化措施.环境科学学报,2007,27(6):881-893.LIAO X Y,CHEN T B,YAN X L,NIE C J.Enhancement of heavy metal removal in phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2007,27(6):881-893.
[4]刘颖茹,李文学,陈同斌.刈割对蜈蚣草的砷吸收和植物修复效率的影响.生态学报,2005,25(3):538-542.LIU Y R,LI W X,CHEN T B.Effects of harvesting on As accumulation and removal efficiency of As by Chinese brake(Pteris vittata L.).Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(3):538-542.
[5]傅大放,温丽.两种强化措施辅助黑麦草修复重金属污染土壤.中国环境科学,2008,28(9):786-790.FU D F,WEN L.The phytoremediation of ryegrass on multiple heavy metal soils by two reinforced methods.China Environmental Science,2008,28(9):786-790.
[6]DUMAT C,QUENEA K,BERMOND A,TOINEN S,BENEDETTI M F.Study of the trace metal ion influence on the turnover of soil organic matter in cultivated contaminated soils.Environmental Pollution,2006,142:521-529.
[7]杨建军.污染土壤重金属分子形态及其根际转化机制研究.杭州:浙江大学博士学位论文,2011.YANG J J.Studies on the molecular speciation of heavy metals in contaminated soils and the mechanism on their transformation in the rhizosphere.PhD Thesis.Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2011.
[8]HAMILTON E W,FRANK D A.Can plants stimulate soil microbes and their own nutrient supply?Evidence from a grazing tolerant grass.Ecology,2001,82(9):2397-2402.
[9]张微微,杨劼,宋炳煜,清华.刈割对草原化荒漠区驼绒藜(Krascheninnikovia ceratoides)根际土壤特性的影响.生态学报,2016,36(21):6842-6849.ZHANG W W,YANG J,SONG B Y,QING H.Impacts of moving on the rhizosphere soil properties of Krascheninnikovia ceratoides in the steppe deseret.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(21):6842-6849.
[10]SHAHID M,PINELLI E,DUMAT C.Review of Pb availability and toxicity to plants in relation with metal speciation;role of synthetic and natural organic ligands.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2012,219:1-12.
[11]徐佩贤.高羊茅和草地早熟禾对镉的耐受能力和解毒机制研究.上海:上海交通大学博士学位论文,2014.XU P X.Studies on cadmium tolerance and detoxification in tall fescue and kentucky bluegrass.PhD Thesis.Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2014.
[12]黄国勇,付庆灵,朱俊,万田英,胡红青.低分子有机酸对土壤中Cu化学形态的影响.环境科学,2014,35(8):3091-3095.HUANG G Y,FU Q L,ZHU J,WAN T Y,HU H Q.Effects of low molecular weight organic acids on speciation of exogenous Cu in an acid soil.Environmental Science,2014,35(8):3091-3095.
[13]李平,王兴祥,郎漫,张桃林.改良剂对Cu、Cd污染土壤重金属形态转化的影响.中国环境科学,2012,32(7):1241-1249.LI P,WANG X X,LANG M,ZHANG T L.Effects of amendments on the fraction transform of heavy metals in soils contaminated by copper and cadmium.Chinese Environmental Science,2012,32(7):1241-1249.
[14]杨卓,王伟,李博文,郭艳杰,汪洪祥.高羊茅和黑麦草对污染土壤Cd,Pb,Zn的富集特征.水土保持学报,2008,22(2):83-87.YANG Z,WANG W,LI B W,GUO Y J,WANG H X.Study on characteristics of Lolium multiflorum and Festuca arundinacea absorbing and accumulating Cadmium,Lead and Zinc from contaminated soil with these metals.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation.2008,22(2):83-87.
[15]XU P,WANG Z.Physiological mechanism of hypertolerance of cadmium in Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue:Chemical forms and tissue distribution.Environmental and Experimental Botany,2013,96:35-42.
[16]王艳,辛士刚,马莲菊,代保清,于龙,王兰兰.剪股颖和高羊茅对铜、铅吸收及耐受性.应用生态学报,2007,18(3):625-630.WANG Y,XIN S G,MA L J,DAI B Q,YU L,WANG L L.Cu and Pb absorption and tolerance of Agrostis stolonifera and Festuca arundinacea.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,18(3):625-630.
[17]吴丽芳,陆伟东.三种草坪草种子对重金属镉·铅胁迫的反应.安徽农业科学,2012,40(22):11358-11359.WU L F,LU W D.Study on response of three turf seeds in Cd、Pb2+stress.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(22):11358-11359.
[18]孙吉雄,韩烈保.草坪学(第四版).北京:中国农业出版社,2015.SUN J X,HAN L B.Turf Science(4th edition).Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2015.
[19]张维,李启权,王昌全,袁大刚,罗由林,张新,贾荔.川中丘陵县域土壤pH空间变异及影响因素分析:以四川仁寿县为例.长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(7):1192-1199.ZHANG W,LI Q Q,WANG C Q,YUAN D G,LUO Y L,ZHANG X,JIA L.Spatail variability of soil pH and its influence factors at a county scale in hilly area of mid-sichuan basin:A case study from renshou in Sichuan.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2015,24(7):1192-1199.
[20]章海波,骆永明,赵其国,张甘霖,黄铭洪.香港土壤研究Ⅶ.BCR提取法研究重金属的形态及其潜在环境风险.土壤学报,2010,47(5):865-871.ZHANG H B,LUO Y M,ZHAO Q G,ZHANG G L,HUANG M H.Hong Kong soil researchesⅦ.Research on fractions of heavy metals and their potential environmental risks in soil based on BCR sequential extraction.Acta Pedologica Sinica,2010,47(5):865-871.
[21]李娜,孙宁骁,宋桂龙,濮阳雪华,周述琼,赵克奇,蒋凯.刈割次数对紫花苜蓿镉吸收影响及生理响应.草业学报,2017,26(5):109-117.LI N,SUN N X,SONG G L,PUYANG X H,ZHOU S Q,ZHAO K Q,JIANG K.Effects of cutting frequency on cadmium uptake and physiological responses of Medicago sativa under cadmium stress.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(5):109-117.
[22]钟海涛.镉在小飞扬草各组织器官积累机理研究.广州:华南理工大学硕士学位论文,2013.ZHONG H T.Study on mechanism of cadmium accumulation on histology in the Euphorbia thymifolia L.Master Thesis.Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2013.
[23]SARWAR N,SAIFULLAH,MALHI S S,ZIA M H,NAEEM A,BIBI S,FARID G.Role of mineral nutrient in minimizing cadmium accumulation by plants.Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2010,90:925-937.
[24]ZENG F,ALI S,ZHANG H T,OUYANG Y,QIU B,WU F,ZHANG G.The influence of pH and organic matter content in paddy soil on heavy metal availability and their uptake by rice plants.Environmental Pollution,2011,159(1):84-91.
[25]张朝阳,彭平安,刘承帅,宋建中,毕新慧.华南电子垃圾回收区农田土壤重金属污染及其化学形态分布.生态环境学报,2012,21(10):1742-1748.ZHANG C Y,PENG P A,LIU C S,SONG J Z,BI X H.Heavy metal contaminations and chemical speciation of farmland soils in an e-waste recycling town in South China.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2012,21(10):1742-1748.
[26]BEGONIA M T,BEGONIA G B,IGHOAVODHA M,GILLIARD D.Lead accumulation by tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)grown on a lead-contaminated soil.International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health,2005,2(2):228-233.
[27]孙宁骁,宋桂龙.紫花苜蓿对镉胁迫的生理响应及积累特性.草业科学,2015,32(4):581-585.SUN N X,SONG G L.Physiological response of Medicago sativato cadmium stress and accumulation property.Pratacultural Science,2015,32(4):581-585.
[28]BELSKY A J,CARSON W P,JENSEN C L,FOX G A.Overcompensation by plants:Herbivore optimization or red herring?Evolutionary Ecology,1993,7(1):109-121.
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