和田河流域绿洲区地下水中氟的分布特征及形成过程
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摘要
以和田河流域绿洲区地下水污染调查数据为基础,运用统计分析法、Gibbs图和水文地球化学模拟等方法对该区地下水中氟的含量水平、分布特征、影响因素及形成过程进行分析。结果表明:和田河流域绿洲区地下水中氟含量偏高,变化范围为0. 22-5. 80mg/L,平均含量为1. 50mg/L。水平方向上高氟水集中分布在玉龙喀什河和喀拉喀什河之间以及绿洲边缘;垂直方向上浅层潜水中氟含量普遍高于中深层潜水。绿洲区含水介质中大量的含氟矿物是地下水中氟的主要来源;地下水偏碱性、高TDS、HCO_3~-含量偏高等化学特征为氟的迁移与富集提供了良好条件;高氟地下水的形成是强烈的蒸发浓缩作用、矿物的溶解-沉淀作用、阳离子交替吸附作用等水文地球化学过程共同作用的结果。
Based on groundwater pollution survey data from the oasis area of Hotan river basin,the statistical analysis,Gibbs diagram and hydrogeochemical modeling were applied to study the fluorine content,distribution characteristics,influence factors and formation process in groundwater.The results showed fluorine content in groundwater ranges from 0.22 to 5.80 mg/L,at an average of 1.48 mg/L.In the horizontal direction,high-fluorine water mainly distributes at the edge of the oasis and between the two rivers( Yurungkash River and Qarakash River).In the vertical direction,the fluorine content in shallow unconfined groundwater is higher than that in middle-deep unconfined groundwater.Fluorine in groundwater primarily comes from the fluorine minerals in aqueous medium.The favorable conditions of fluorine transformation and enrichment include: weakly alkaline,high TDS and the high content of HCO-3.The mineral dissolution and precipitation,evaporation and ion exchange are the dominant processes of high-fluorine groundwater in oasis area of Hotan river basin.
Based on groundwater pollution survey data from the oasis area of Hotan river basin,the statistical analysis,Gibbs diagram and hydrogeochemical modeling were applied to study the fluorine content,distribution characteristics,influence factors and formation process in groundwater.The results showed fluorine content in groundwater ranges from 0.22 to 5.80 mg/L,at an average of 1.48 mg/L.In the horizontal direction,high-fluorine water mainly distributes at the edge of the oasis and between the two rivers( Yurungkash River and Qarakash River).In the vertical direction,the fluorine content in shallow unconfined groundwater is higher than that in middle-deep unconfined groundwater.Fluorine in groundwater primarily comes from the fluorine minerals in aqueous medium.The favorable conditions of fluorine transformation and enrichment include: weakly alkaline,high TDS and the high content of HCO-3.The mineral dissolution and precipitation,evaporation and ion exchange are the dominant processes of high-fluorine groundwater in oasis area of Hotan river basin.
引文
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[2]Edmunds W M,Smedley P L. Fluoride in natural waters[J]. Essentials of Medical Geology,2012(11):311-336.
[3]任加国,武倩倩.水文地球化学基础[M].北京:地质出版社,2014:32.
[4]纳麦提·托合提,张峰,师庆东.克里雅河流域水中氟离子的空间分布特征[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(5):1125-1131.
[5]张慧,马英杰,樊自立,等.塔里木河地表及地下水中氟离子的分布和变化规律[J].环境科学学报,2000,20(5):579-583.
[6]李巧,贾瑞亮,周金龙,等.新疆阿克苏地区高氟地下水化学特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(12):87-92.
[7]栾风娇,周金龙,曾妍妍,等.新疆南部典型地区地下水中氟的分布特征及其富集因素分析[J].环境化学,2016,35(6):1203-1211.
[8]刘敏.和田绿洲地下水时空分布规律及其生态环境效应研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2007:15.
[9]马金珠.新疆和田地区地下水资源及其可持续开发利用[J].中国沙漠,2002,22(3):242-248.
[10]张艳丽.和田县(市)地下水水化学基本特征[J].新疆地质,2008,26(2):184-188.
[11]栾风娇,周殷竹,周金龙,等.新疆石河子地区地下水氟分布及富集因素分析[J].人民黄河,2016,38(3):64-67,71.
[12]邢怀学,李亮,葛伟亚,等.安徽省淮北市地下水中氟的空间分布特征及成因[J].地球学报,2014,35(2):163-168.
[13]邢丽娜,郭华明,魏亮,等.华北平原浅层含氟地下水演化特点及成因[J].地球科学与环境学报. 2012,34(4):57-67.
[14]谢学锦,任天祥,孙焕振.中国地球化学图集[M].北京:地质出版社,2012:52.
[15]梁川,苏春利,吴亚,等.大同盆地高氟地下水的分布特征及形成过程分析[J].地质科技情报,2014,33(2):154-159.
[16]Handa B K. Geochemistry and genesis of fluoride containing groundwater in India[J]. Groundwater,1975,13(3):275-281.
[17]孔晓乐,王仕琴,赵焕,等.华北低平原区地下水中氟分布特征及形成原因-以南皮县为例[J].环境科学,2015,36(11):4051-4059.
[18]王雨山,程旭学.清水河平原上游承压地下水氟空间变异和形成机理[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(12):170-176.
[19]王晓曦,王文科,王周锋,等.滦河下游河水及沿岸地下水水化学特征及其形成作用[J].水文地质工程地质,2014,41(1):25-33,73.