呼和浩特市养老院的老年人跌倒影响因素研究
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摘要
目的了解养老院的老年人群跌倒影响因素,为干预提供措施依据。方法采用整群随机抽样方法抽取呼和浩特市市区的4家养老院,对满足纳入排除标准的90位老年人进行问卷调查与体格检查。采用t检验或卡方检验进行单因素分析;采用Logistic回归分析老年人跌倒的影响因素。结果呼和浩特市养老院老年人跌倒发生率为30.0%。女性较男性发生跌倒风险高(OR=4.407,95%CI:1.250~15.540)、高血压患者发生跌倒风险高(OR=7.987,95%CI:1.916~33.297)。有提示语、照明良好的养老院中老年人发生跌倒风险低(OR=0.089,95%CI:0.018~0.434)、(OR=0.124,95%CI:0.018~0.834)。结论养老院的老年人跌倒发生率较高,患有高血压的女性是高危人群。养老院可通过完善周围环境设施,改善照明条件、张贴提示语、及时清除障碍物,预防老年人跌倒。
Objective Analyzing the factors having impacts on fall incidence in elders in nursing homes so as to provide the basis for the intervention.Methods The randomized cluster sampling method was used to collect four nursing homes in the urban area of Hohhot, questionnaire and physical examination were performed on 90 subjects who fullfilled the including criteria. Univariate analysis was done by using t test or chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of elderly falls. Result The incidence of falls in nursed elders was 30.0%, with women(OR=4.407,95%CI: 1.250~ 15.540) and hypertention(OR=7.987, 95%CI: 1.916~33.297) as risk factors. The positive factors that may decrease the fall incidence included warning signs(OR= 0.089,95%CI:0.018~0.434) and better lighting conditions(OR= 0.124, 95%CI:0.018~0.834). Conclusion Falling was the prevalent incident in elders in nursing homes. Women with hypertension are at high risk. Warning signs and improved lighting conditions can reduce the fall incidence in the nursing home.
Objective Analyzing the factors having impacts on fall incidence in elders in nursing homes so as to provide the basis for the intervention.Methods The randomized cluster sampling method was used to collect four nursing homes in the urban area of Hohhot, questionnaire and physical examination were performed on 90 subjects who fullfilled the including criteria. Univariate analysis was done by using t test or chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of elderly falls. Result The incidence of falls in nursed elders was 30.0%, with women(OR=4.407,95%CI: 1.250~ 15.540) and hypertention(OR=7.987, 95%CI: 1.916~33.297) as risk factors. The positive factors that may decrease the fall incidence included warning signs(OR= 0.089,95%CI:0.018~0.434) and better lighting conditions(OR= 0.124, 95%CI:0.018~0.834). Conclusion Falling was the prevalent incident in elders in nursing homes. Women with hypertension are at high risk. Warning signs and improved lighting conditions can reduce the fall incidence in the nursing home.
引文
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[13]库洪安,舒军萍,崔伯艳,等.老年患者跌倒原因及对预防跌倒的认知调查[J].护理管理杂志,2005,5(9):1-3.
[14]严玉洁,曹莉莉,张金玲,等.闵行区空巢老年家庭环境致跌危险因素评估[J].健康教育与健康促进,2013,(1):8-9.
[15]徐伟,吴益生,万秋萍,等.社区老年人跌倒及危险因素调查[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2010,18(5):489-491.
[16]刘文钦,王明明,党政华,等.颈椎病的心血管表现[J].临床内科杂志,1996(4):18-19.
[17]夏庆华,唐传喜,钮春瑾,等.社区老年人跌倒情况及危险因素研究[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2006,14(3):207-209.
[18]李沙沙,郭琪,牛凯军,等.养老院老年人身体活动能力与跌倒的相关性研究[J].天津医科大学学报,2013,19(3):234-237.
[19]薛昊罡,冷冰,马恩元,等.雌激素水平与绝经女性并发骨质疏松症的相关性研究[J].中国妇幼保健,2011,26(26):4106-4108.
[2]梁洁,李乐玲,王红.中国60岁及以上人群跌倒危险因素研究[J].中国煤炭工业医学杂志,2016,19(8):1203-1210.
[3]周白瑜,于普林.老年人跌倒和心血管疾病[J].中华老年医学杂志,2006,25(3):224-227.
[4]周毅恒,梅丹,陈杨.2009—2013年大连市跌倒伤害流行特征分析[J].中国健康教育,2015(8):753-755,762.
[5]Hong G R,Cho S H,Tak Y.Falls among Koreans 45 Years of Age and Older:Incidence and Risk Factors[J].Journal of Advanced Nursing,2010,66(9):2014-2024.
[6]HIMES C L,REYNOLDS S L.Effect of Obesity on Falls,Injury,and Disability[J].Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,2012,60(1):124-129.
[7]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC).Leading Causes of Death Reports,National and Regional,1999-2013[M].2015:12-20.
[8]夏庆华,姜玉,唐传喜,等.社区老年人跌倒的流行病学特征及医疗负担分析[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2010,14(7):647-649.
[9]The Prevention of Falls in Later Life.A Report of the Kellogg International Work Group on the Prevention of Falls by the Elderly[J].Danish medical bulletin,1987,34(Suppll 4):1-24.
[10]向莹君,曾念彬,周海滨,等.深圳市福田区老年人跌倒现状及影响因素分析[J].预防医学情报杂志,2016,32(5):435-438.
[11]徐伟,万秋萍.上海市闸北区社区独居老人居家致跌环境调查[J].职业与健康,2012,28(1):54-55.
[12]吴淑英,颜华,史秀茹.老年人视觉与照明光环境的关系[J].眼视光学杂志,2004,6(1):56-58.
[13]库洪安,舒军萍,崔伯艳,等.老年患者跌倒原因及对预防跌倒的认知调查[J].护理管理杂志,2005,5(9):1-3.
[14]严玉洁,曹莉莉,张金玲,等.闵行区空巢老年家庭环境致跌危险因素评估[J].健康教育与健康促进,2013,(1):8-9.
[15]徐伟,吴益生,万秋萍,等.社区老年人跌倒及危险因素调查[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2010,18(5):489-491.
[16]刘文钦,王明明,党政华,等.颈椎病的心血管表现[J].临床内科杂志,1996(4):18-19.
[17]夏庆华,唐传喜,钮春瑾,等.社区老年人跌倒情况及危险因素研究[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2006,14(3):207-209.
[18]李沙沙,郭琪,牛凯军,等.养老院老年人身体活动能力与跌倒的相关性研究[J].天津医科大学学报,2013,19(3):234-237.
[19]薛昊罡,冷冰,马恩元,等.雌激素水平与绝经女性并发骨质疏松症的相关性研究[J].中国妇幼保健,2011,26(26):4106-4108.