宁夏近10年甲醛柱浓度时空分布及其影响因素
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摘要
为明确宁夏回族自治区(简称"宁夏")大气中甲醛的含量及分布,基于OMI遥感反演数据,分析了2006—2015年宁夏甲醛柱浓度的时空分布,同时选取工业产值、机动车保有量、煤炭消耗量以及气温、地形地貌和风向等人为和自然因素进行相关性分析.结果表明:研究区内2006—2015年甲醛柱浓度整体呈上升趋势,年均增速为1.078×1015molec/(cm2·a),其中2006—2011年逐年增大,2012—2015年呈波动上升趋势,并于2015年达到近10年的最高值;甲醛柱浓度季节性特征为夏季>冬季>秋季>春季;宁夏甲醛柱浓度月均值变化趋势整体上呈"W"型.空间上甲醛柱浓度高值区主要分布在宁夏中东部及南部地区,而北部及西部地区甲醛柱浓度相对较低.在人为因素中煤炭消耗量与甲醛柱浓度的相关性最高,相关系数达到0.88;在自然因素中甲醛柱浓度与气温相关系数达到0.63,地形地貌和风向对甲醛污染区域的分布有一定影响.研究显示,人为因素是影响宁夏甲醛柱浓度的主要因素.
Based on inversion data of OMI remote sensing,spatial and temporal distribution of formaldehyde column concentration in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region( Ningxia) from 2006 to 2015 was analyzed. At the same time,selected natural factors as industrial output value,vehicle ownership,coal consumption,temperature,topography and wind direction were for correlation analysis. Results showed the concentration of formaldehyde column increased from 2006 to 2015,with an average growth rate of 1. 078×1015 molec/cm2,in which increased year by year from 2006 to 2011 and showed a fluctuating upward trend from 2012 to 2015,and reached the maximum value of nearly 10 years in 2015. Seasonal characteristics of formaldehyde concentration were summer > winter > autumn > spring. Change trend of monthly mean of formaldehyde concentration in Ningxia area is‘W'type as a whole. The high concentration area of formaldehyde column was mainly distributed in middle east and south of Ningxia,and concentration of formaldehyde column was lower in the north and west of Ningxia. Results showed that correlation between coal consumption and formaldehyde concentration was the highest among human factors,and correlation coefficient was 0. 88; Among natural factors,correlation coefficient between formaldehyde column concentration and air temperature reached 0. 63,topography and wind direction had certain influence on distribution of formaldehyde pollution area. In summary,human factors were main factors affecting formaldehyde column concentration in Ningxia area.
Based on inversion data of OMI remote sensing,spatial and temporal distribution of formaldehyde column concentration in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region( Ningxia) from 2006 to 2015 was analyzed. At the same time,selected natural factors as industrial output value,vehicle ownership,coal consumption,temperature,topography and wind direction were for correlation analysis. Results showed the concentration of formaldehyde column increased from 2006 to 2015,with an average growth rate of 1. 078×1015 molec/cm2,in which increased year by year from 2006 to 2011 and showed a fluctuating upward trend from 2012 to 2015,and reached the maximum value of nearly 10 years in 2015. Seasonal characteristics of formaldehyde concentration were summer > winter > autumn > spring. Change trend of monthly mean of formaldehyde concentration in Ningxia area is‘W'type as a whole. The high concentration area of formaldehyde column was mainly distributed in middle east and south of Ningxia,and concentration of formaldehyde column was lower in the north and west of Ningxia. Results showed that correlation between coal consumption and formaldehyde concentration was the highest among human factors,and correlation coefficient was 0. 88; Among natural factors,correlation coefficient between formaldehyde column concentration and air temperature reached 0. 63,topography and wind direction had certain influence on distribution of formaldehyde pollution area. In summary,human factors were main factors affecting formaldehyde column concentration in Ningxia area.
引文
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[7]王维新.甲醛释放与检测[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003:15-17.
[8]仇小强,庞伟毅,何凤英,等.新装修居室环境中甲醛的遗传毒性[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(5):584-588.QIU Xiaoqiang,PANG Weiyi,HE Fengying,et al.Study on formaldehyde heredity toxicity in indoor environments of recently renovated houses[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2009,22(5):584-588.
[9]CHI Chenchen,CHEN Weidong,GUO Min,et al.Law and features of TVOC and formaldehyde pollution in urban indoor air[J].Atmospheric Environment,2016,132:85-90.
[10]DENG Baolin,LIU Yang,YIN Huabing,et al.Determination of ultra-trace formaldehyde in air using ammonium sulfate as derivatization reagent and capillary electrophoresis coupled with online electrochemiluminescence detection[J].Talanta,2012,91:128-133.
[11]LI Z,SCHWIER A N,SAREEN N,et al.Reactive processing of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in aqueous aerosol mimics:surface tension depression and secondary organic products[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2011,11(22):11617-11629.
[12]KUROSU T P,CHANCE K,LIU X,et al.Seasonally resolved global distributions of glyoxal and formaldehyde observed from the ozone monitoring instrument on EOS aura[J]International Journal of Remote Sensing,2007,21(26):6461-6464.
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[14]巨天珍,师贺雄,王彦,等.基于OMI卫星遥感数据的兰州市SO2空间分布分析[J].安全与环境学报,2012,12(4):154-157.JU Tianzhen,SHI Hexiong,WANG Yan,et al.Research review on the advances in evaluating urban wetland ecosystem profitabilities[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2012,12(4):154-157.
[15]王跃启,江洪,肖钟湧,等.基于OMI数据的中国臭氧总量时空动态信息提取[J].环境科学与技术,2009,32(6):177-180.WANG Yueqi,JIANG Hong,XIAO Zhongyong,et al.Extracting temporal and spatial distribution information about total ozone amount in China based on OMI satellite data[J].Environmental Science&Technology(China),2009,32(6):177-180.
[16]刘显通,郑腾飞,万齐林,等.OMI遥感珠三角城市群NO2的时空分布特征及人类活动影响分析[J].热带气象学报,2015,31(2):193-201.LIU Xiantong,ZHENG Tengfei,WAN Qilin,et al.Spatio-temporal characteristics of NO2in concentrated PRD urban districts and analysis of anthropogenic influences based on OMI remote sensing data[J].Journal of Tropical Meteorology,2015,31(2):193-201.
[17]BAUWENS M,STAVRAKOU T,MULLER J F,et al.Nine years of global hydrocarbon emissions based on source inversion of OMI formaldehyde observations[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2016,16(15):10133-10158.
[18]MARAIS E A,JACOB D J,KUROSU T P,et al.Isoprene emissions in Africa inferred from OMI observations of formaldehyde columns[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2012,12(14):6219-6235.
[19]谢顺涛,巨天珍,李兵,等.基于OMI数据的天水地区对流层HCHO垂直柱浓度变化研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2017,32(5):958-965.XIE Shuntao,JU Tianzhen,LI Bing,et al.Analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution variation of formaldehyde by the OMI satellite sensor[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2017,32(5):958-965.
[20]李淑萍.“一带一路”背景下宁夏实施创新驱动发展战略探析[J].山东省社会主义学院学报,2017(4):36-43.LI Shuping.‘The Belt and Road’under the background of the implementation of innovation driven development strategy of Ningxia[J].Journal of Shandong Socialist College,2017(4):36-43.
[21]王旭.优化宁夏工业园区布局研究[J].北方经济,2017(7):57-60.WANG Xu.Study on optimizing the layout of Ningxia Industrial Park[J].Northern Economy,2017(7):57-60.
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[23]WANG Shuxiao,XING Jia,CHATANI S,et al.Verification of anthropogenic emissions of China by satellite and ground observations[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(35):6347-6358.
[24]WANG Yang,BEIRLE S,LAMPEL J,et al.Validation of OMI,GOME-2A and GOME-2B tropospheric NO2,SO2and HCHO products using MAX-DOAS observations from 2011 to 2014 in Wuxi,China:investigation of the effects of priori profiles and aerosols on the satellite products[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2016,17(8):5007-5033.
[25]SOHRABINI A M,KHORSHIDDOUST A M.Application of satellite data and GIS in studying air pollutants in Tehran[J].Habitat International,2007,31(2):268-275.
[26]MATTHIAS V.The aerosol distribution in Europe derived with the community multiscale air quality(CMAQ)model:comparison to near surface in situ and sunphotometer measurements[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics Discussions,2008,8(1):5077-5097.
[27]KIM J H,KIM S M,BAEK K H,et al.Evaluation of satellitederived HCHO using statistical methods[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions,2011,11(3):8003-8025.
[28]刘小正,楼晟荣,陈勇航,等.基于OMI数据的中国中东部城市近地面臭氧时空分布特征研究[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(8):2811-2818.LIU Xiaozheng,LOU Shengrong,CHEN Yonghang,et al.Spatiotemporal distribution of ground-level ozone in mid-east China based on OMI observations[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(8):2811-2818.
[29]宁夏回族自治区人民政府办公厅.宁夏年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2016.
[30]路文海.IDL语言处理HDF格式遥感数据的研究[J].海洋信息,2006(3):6-7.LU Wenhai.Research on IDL language processing HDF format remote sensing data[J].Ocean Information,2006(3):6-7.
[31]MARTIN R V.Satellite remote sensing of surface air quality[J].Atmospheric Environment,2008,42(34):7823-7843.
[32]SABOLIS A,MESKHIDZE N,CURCI G,et al.Interpreting elevated space-borne HCHO columns over the Mediterranean Sea using the OMI sensor[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics,2011,11(24):12787-12798.
[33]LUECKEN D J,HUTZELL W T,STRUM M L,et al.Regional sources of atmospheric formaldehyde and acetaldehyde,and implications for atmospheric modeling[J].Atmospheric Environment,2012,47:477-490.
[34]周春艳,厉青,何颖霞,等.山东省近10年对流层NO2柱浓度时空变化及影响因素[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(8):2281-2290.ZHOU Chunyan,LI Qing,HE Yingxia,et al.Spatial-temporal change of tropospheric NO2column density and its impact factors over Shandong Province during 2005-2014[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(8):2281-2290.
[35]谢顺涛,巨天珍,张惠娥.基于OMI数据的兰州地区对流层甲醛时空变化研究[J].环境科学学报,2017(11):4253-4261.XIE Shuntao,JU Tianzhen,ZHANG Hui'e.Temporal and spatial variations of tropospheric formaldehyde in Lanzhou area based on remote sensing data[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017(11):4253-4261.
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