坡形对华南省藤种群天然更新及生长的影响
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摘要
为揭示低地次生雨林华南省藤种群天然更新的适生坡形,以海南甘什岭天然分布的华南省藤为研究对象,以种群数量、生长特征(株高、地径、羽叶面积等)和死亡率为天然更新的衡量指标,运用方差分析、多重比较和相关性分析等方法,分析不同坡形(凸坡、缓坡、凹坡)与华南省藤不同生长阶段种群更新的关系。结果表明,坡形对华南省藤种群数量、株高、羽叶面积、相对生长速率和死亡率等的影响均达到显著水平(P<0.05),对地径影响极显著(P<0.01),对高径比影响不显著(P>0.05)。其中,凹坡种群数量(84株·hm~(-2))、株高(212.38 cm)、羽叶面积(36.22 m~2)最大,株高(0.153%)和羽叶面积月相对生长率(0.145%)最高,幼苗期凹坡死亡率低(8.72%),藤株整体生长最好。坡形是影响海南低地次生雨林华南省藤种群数量及生长特征的重要环境因子,坡形通过改变区域土壤水分、养分、光照等,影响华南省藤的种群数量和生长。凹坡是华南省藤的适生坡形,在今后华南省藤的资源更新保育和人工栽培中,应优先选择。
To examine the effects of slope form on natural renewal of Calamus rhabdocladus in the lowland secondary rainforest,we investigated population size,growth characteristics( plant height,ground diameter,and leaf area),and mortality rate of Calamus rhabdocladus in Ganzaling,Hainan Province. The relationship between different slope forms( convex slope,gentle slope,and concave slope) and population renewal at different growth stages was analyzed by means of variance analysis,multiple comparison,and correlation analysis. The results showed that slope forms had significant effects on population size,plant height,basal diameter,leaf area,relative growth rate,and mortality of C. rhabdocladus( all P<0.05),but with no effect on the ratio of height to diameter( P>0.05). The population size,plant height,and leaf area of C.rhabdocladus were the highest on concave. The slope form was an important environmental factor affecting population size and growth of C. rhabdocladus by changing soil water,nutrient and light in Ganzaling of Hainan. The concave slope was relatively favorable to regeneration and growth of C. rhabdocladus. In the course of resource renewal and conservation of artificial cultivation of C.rhabdocladus,the concave slope should be given priority.
To examine the effects of slope form on natural renewal of Calamus rhabdocladus in the lowland secondary rainforest,we investigated population size,growth characteristics( plant height,ground diameter,and leaf area),and mortality rate of Calamus rhabdocladus in Ganzaling,Hainan Province. The relationship between different slope forms( convex slope,gentle slope,and concave slope) and population renewal at different growth stages was analyzed by means of variance analysis,multiple comparison,and correlation analysis. The results showed that slope forms had significant effects on population size,plant height,basal diameter,leaf area,relative growth rate,and mortality of C. rhabdocladus( all P<0.05),but with no effect on the ratio of height to diameter( P>0.05). The population size,plant height,and leaf area of C.rhabdocladus were the highest on concave. The slope form was an important environmental factor affecting population size and growth of C. rhabdocladus by changing soil water,nutrient and light in Ganzaling of Hainan. The concave slope was relatively favorable to regeneration and growth of C. rhabdocladus. In the course of resource renewal and conservation of artificial cultivation of C.rhabdocladus,the concave slope should be given priority.
引文
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何亚平,费世民,蔡小虎,等.2011.坡形因素对麻疯树人工林个体与群体生物量配置的影响.四川林业科技,32(6):1-10.
黄菊莹,余海龙.2017.四种荒漠草原植物的生长对不同氮添加水平的响应.植物生态学报,40(2):165-176.
林文欢,詹潮安,郑道序,等.2015.不同立地因子对中华楠生长的影响.林业调查规划,40(4):110-112.
刘旻霞,车应弟,李俐蓉,等.2017.甘南高寒草甸微地形上植物叶片特征与环境因子的冗余分析.生态学杂志,36(9):2473-2480.
鲁如坤.1999.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科技出版社.
鲁为华,任爱天,杨洁晶,等.2013.伊犁绢蒿年际结实量、土壤种子库及幼苗输入特征.草业科学,30(3):390-396.
马雪华.1994.森林生态系统定位研究方法.北京:中国科学技术出版社.
彭超,范少辉,刘广路,等.2017.海南岛低地次生雨林棕榈藤分布及其影响因子.生态学杂志,36(10):2725-2733.
沈泽昊,吕楠,赵俊山.2004.地常绿落叶阔叶混交林种子雨的地形格局.生态学报,24(9):1981-1987.
孙化雨,李利超,赵韩生,等.2017.黄藤2个NAC基因的分子特征及其SSR分子标记开发.林业科学,53(8):132-140.
孙建华,王彦荣,曾彦军.2005.封育和放牧条件下退化荒漠草地土壤种子库特征.西北植物学报,25(10):2035-2042.
唐钢梁,李向义,林丽莎,等.2013.骆驼刺在不同遮阴下的水分状况变化及其生理响应.植物生态学报,37(4):354-364.
王慷林.2015.中国棕榈藤资源及其分布特征研究.植物科学学报,33(3):320-325.
徐德克,李泉,吕厚远.2005.棕榈科植硅体形态分析及其环境意义.第四纪研究,25(6):785-792.
殷谷丽,唐建维,杨成源,等.2010.四种省藤属植物的光合特征与叶片性状及生长的相关性.中南林业科技大学学报,30(6):104-112.
尹光天,许煌灿,张伟良,等.1993.棕榈藤物种的收集和引种驯化的研究.林业科学研究,6(6):609-617.
张蕾蕾,钟全林,程栋梁,等.2016.刨花楠不同相对生长速率下林木叶片碳氮磷的适应特征.生态学报,36(9):2607-2613.
Bgh A.1996.Abundance and growth of rattans in Khao Chong National Park,Thailand.Forest Ecology and Management,84:71-80.
Bossuyt B,Heyn M.2002.Seed bank and vegetation composition of forest stands of varying age in Central Belgium:Consequences for regeneration of ancient forest vegetation.Plant Ecology,162:33-48.
Eiserhardt WL,Svenning JC,Borchsenius F,et al.2013.Separating environmental and geographical determinants of phylogenetic community structure in Amazonian palms.Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society,171:244-259.
Hisham HN,Hale M,Norasikin AL.2014.Equilibrium moisture content and moisture exclusion efficiency of acetylated rattan(Calamus manan).Journal of Tropical Forest Science,26:32-40.
Jessia E,Andraw H.2004.Seedling emergence from seed banks of tidal fresh water wetlands:Response to inundation and sedimentation.Aquatic Botany,78:243-254.
Manjunatha KC,Suresh DT,Mohan RB,et al.2005.Growth response of rattans seedlings to gibberellic acid.Annals of Forestry,13:72-78.
Svenning JC.1999.Microhabitat specialization in a species-rich palm community in Amazonian Ecuador.Journal of Ecology,87:55-65.
Vanessa M,David M,John S.2005.Importance of the seed bank for population viability and population monitoring in a threatened wetland herb.Biological Conservation,124:425-436.
Watanabe NM,Suzuki E.2008.Species diversity,abundance,and vertical size structure of rattans in Borneo and Java.Biodiversity Conservation,17:523-538.
何亚平,费世民,蔡小虎,等.2011.坡形因素对麻疯树人工林个体与群体生物量配置的影响.四川林业科技,32(6):1-10.
黄菊莹,余海龙.2017.四种荒漠草原植物的生长对不同氮添加水平的响应.植物生态学报,40(2):165-176.
林文欢,詹潮安,郑道序,等.2015.不同立地因子对中华楠生长的影响.林业调查规划,40(4):110-112.
刘旻霞,车应弟,李俐蓉,等.2017.甘南高寒草甸微地形上植物叶片特征与环境因子的冗余分析.生态学杂志,36(9):2473-2480.
鲁如坤.1999.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科技出版社.
鲁为华,任爱天,杨洁晶,等.2013.伊犁绢蒿年际结实量、土壤种子库及幼苗输入特征.草业科学,30(3):390-396.
马雪华.1994.森林生态系统定位研究方法.北京:中国科学技术出版社.
彭超,范少辉,刘广路,等.2017.海南岛低地次生雨林棕榈藤分布及其影响因子.生态学杂志,36(10):2725-2733.
沈泽昊,吕楠,赵俊山.2004.地常绿落叶阔叶混交林种子雨的地形格局.生态学报,24(9):1981-1987.
孙化雨,李利超,赵韩生,等.2017.黄藤2个NAC基因的分子特征及其SSR分子标记开发.林业科学,53(8):132-140.
孙建华,王彦荣,曾彦军.2005.封育和放牧条件下退化荒漠草地土壤种子库特征.西北植物学报,25(10):2035-2042.
唐钢梁,李向义,林丽莎,等.2013.骆驼刺在不同遮阴下的水分状况变化及其生理响应.植物生态学报,37(4):354-364.
王慷林.2015.中国棕榈藤资源及其分布特征研究.植物科学学报,33(3):320-325.
徐德克,李泉,吕厚远.2005.棕榈科植硅体形态分析及其环境意义.第四纪研究,25(6):785-792.
殷谷丽,唐建维,杨成源,等.2010.四种省藤属植物的光合特征与叶片性状及生长的相关性.中南林业科技大学学报,30(6):104-112.
尹光天,许煌灿,张伟良,等.1993.棕榈藤物种的收集和引种驯化的研究.林业科学研究,6(6):609-617.
张蕾蕾,钟全林,程栋梁,等.2016.刨花楠不同相对生长速率下林木叶片碳氮磷的适应特征.生态学报,36(9):2607-2613.
Bgh A.1996.Abundance and growth of rattans in Khao Chong National Park,Thailand.Forest Ecology and Management,84:71-80.
Bossuyt B,Heyn M.2002.Seed bank and vegetation composition of forest stands of varying age in Central Belgium:Consequences for regeneration of ancient forest vegetation.Plant Ecology,162:33-48.
Eiserhardt WL,Svenning JC,Borchsenius F,et al.2013.Separating environmental and geographical determinants of phylogenetic community structure in Amazonian palms.Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society,171:244-259.
Hisham HN,Hale M,Norasikin AL.2014.Equilibrium moisture content and moisture exclusion efficiency of acetylated rattan(Calamus manan).Journal of Tropical Forest Science,26:32-40.
Jessia E,Andraw H.2004.Seedling emergence from seed banks of tidal fresh water wetlands:Response to inundation and sedimentation.Aquatic Botany,78:243-254.
Manjunatha KC,Suresh DT,Mohan RB,et al.2005.Growth response of rattans seedlings to gibberellic acid.Annals of Forestry,13:72-78.
Svenning JC.1999.Microhabitat specialization in a species-rich palm community in Amazonian Ecuador.Journal of Ecology,87:55-65.
Vanessa M,David M,John S.2005.Importance of the seed bank for population viability and population monitoring in a threatened wetland herb.Biological Conservation,124:425-436.
Watanabe NM,Suzuki E.2008.Species diversity,abundance,and vertical size structure of rattans in Borneo and Java.Biodiversity Conservation,17:523-538.