两株采自惠州的细鞘丝藻亚科(Leptolyngbyaceae)嗜热蓝细菌的分离鉴定及细胞组分分析
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摘要
【背景】随着CO_2排放增加,全球变暖愈发严峻,嗜热蓝细菌作为能够在45°C及以上环境中生长并实现生物固碳的微生物,具有重要的研究意义。【目的】对从广东惠州地区采集的藻种进行分离鉴定,并筛选出2株嗜热蓝细菌,研究其生长特性,为嗜热蓝细菌的后续应用提供依据。【方法】通过16SrRNA基因、藻蓝蛋白链A基因(PhycoA)序列分析确定从惠州地区采集到的菌株的分类学位置。对PKUAC-GDTS1-24和PKUAC-GDTS1-29两株嗜热蓝细菌进行形态观察和主要细胞成分(灰分、糖类、脂质、蛋白质和色素)分析。【结果】共分离出12株嗜热蓝细菌,其中PKUAC-GDTS1-24和PKUAC-GDTS1-29菌株,形态上呈蓝绿色球形毛状体,是由细胞形成密集的簇,彼此附着形成的。两株嗜热蓝细菌的主要细胞成分是糖类,分别占细胞干重的36.42%和28.46%。PKUAC-GDTS1-24的灰分、脂质和蛋白质含量分别为24.41%、21.40%和26.64%。PKUAC-GDTS1-29的细胞中,灰分、脂质和蛋白质含量分别为24.72%、23.92%和12.93%。藻蓝蛋白(Phycocyanin,PC)在PKUAC-GDTS1-24和PKUAC-GDTS1-29中的含量分别为157.29 mg/g DW和374.86 mg/g DW,类胡萝卜素分别为65.13 mg/g DW和18.87 mg/g DW。【结论】基于系统发育树研究,本实验的2个分离株属于细鞘丝藻亚科(Leptolyngbyaceae),与研究较少的纤发鞘丝蓝细菌属(Leptolyngbya)菌株相近,可能是广东和四川温泉中存在的一种新型丝状轻度嗜热蓝细菌属或Leptolyngbya新种。嗜热菌株PKUAC-GDTS1-24和PKUAC-GDTS1-29的形态和细胞组成相似,通过比较,2个菌株的藻胆蛋白含量远远高于其他研究报道的Leptolyngbya蓝细菌,尤其是PKUAC-GDTS1-29可以作为藻蓝蛋白生产的潜在菌株。
[Background] With the increase of CO_2 emissions and global temperatures, thermophilic cyanobacteria are considered as a promising group of organisms to convert CO_2 into useful chemicals and biofuels at 45 °C or above. [Objective] This paper describes isolation and identification of thermophilic cyanobacteria collected from Huizhou area, and describes growth characteristics of two strains belonging to the family Leptolyngbyaceae to provide the basis for their subsequent application.[Methods] 16 S rRNA gene and phycocyanin alpha chain(PhycoA) gene sequences were used in phylogenetic analysis to determine the taxonomical position of isolates from Huizhou area. Two strains PKUAC-GDTS1-24 and PKUAC-GDTS1-29 were observed morphologically and analyzed for major cellular components(ash, carbohydrate, lipid, protein and pigment). [Results] Twelve strains of thermophilic cyanobacteria were isolated, of which PKUAC-GDTS1-24 and PKUAC-GDTS1-29 were morphologically blue-green globular trichomes. Cells forming trichome formed dense clusters, that mostly attached to each other. Cellular contents of: ash, lipids, and protein were estimated to be 24.41%,21.40%, 26.64%, respectively in PKUAC-GDTS1-24 strain. Carbohydrates were the major component of the strain at 36.42%. In another strain, PKUAC-GDTS1-29, the cellular contents of: ash, lipids, and protein contents were estimated to be 24.72%, 23.92%, 12.93%, respectively. The carbohydrates once again were the most abundant component with 28.46%. The contents of phycocyanin(PC) in PKUAC-GDTS1-24 and PKUAC-GDTS1-29 were 157.29 and 374.86 mg/g dry weight respectively, and the carotenoids were 65.13 and 18.87 mg/g dry weight, respectively. [Conclusion] Based on the phylogeny, PKUAC-GDTS1-24 and PKUAC-GDTS1-29 belong to the family Leptolyngbyaceae and cluster with many poorly described isolates. These isolates may be a potentially novel phylotype or a new genus of filamentous mildly thermophilic cyanobacteria that are present in the hot springs of Guangdong and Sichuan. The morphological features and cellular composition of both thermophilic Leptolynbya-like strains were similar. To our best knowledge, the two strains are the highest phycobiliprotein producers described to date from this cyanobacterial family, which could be used as potential strains for phycocyanin production, especially PKUAC-GDTS1-29.
[Background] With the increase of CO_2 emissions and global temperatures, thermophilic cyanobacteria are considered as a promising group of organisms to convert CO_2 into useful chemicals and biofuels at 45 °C or above. [Objective] This paper describes isolation and identification of thermophilic cyanobacteria collected from Huizhou area, and describes growth characteristics of two strains belonging to the family Leptolyngbyaceae to provide the basis for their subsequent application.[Methods] 16 S rRNA gene and phycocyanin alpha chain(PhycoA) gene sequences were used in phylogenetic analysis to determine the taxonomical position of isolates from Huizhou area. Two strains PKUAC-GDTS1-24 and PKUAC-GDTS1-29 were observed morphologically and analyzed for major cellular components(ash, carbohydrate, lipid, protein and pigment). [Results] Twelve strains of thermophilic cyanobacteria were isolated, of which PKUAC-GDTS1-24 and PKUAC-GDTS1-29 were morphologically blue-green globular trichomes. Cells forming trichome formed dense clusters, that mostly attached to each other. Cellular contents of: ash, lipids, and protein were estimated to be 24.41%,21.40%, 26.64%, respectively in PKUAC-GDTS1-24 strain. Carbohydrates were the major component of the strain at 36.42%. In another strain, PKUAC-GDTS1-29, the cellular contents of: ash, lipids, and protein contents were estimated to be 24.72%, 23.92%, 12.93%, respectively. The carbohydrates once again were the most abundant component with 28.46%. The contents of phycocyanin(PC) in PKUAC-GDTS1-24 and PKUAC-GDTS1-29 were 157.29 and 374.86 mg/g dry weight respectively, and the carotenoids were 65.13 and 18.87 mg/g dry weight, respectively. [Conclusion] Based on the phylogeny, PKUAC-GDTS1-24 and PKUAC-GDTS1-29 belong to the family Leptolyngbyaceae and cluster with many poorly described isolates. These isolates may be a potentially novel phylotype or a new genus of filamentous mildly thermophilic cyanobacteria that are present in the hot springs of Guangdong and Sichuan. The morphological features and cellular composition of both thermophilic Leptolynbya-like strains were similar. To our best knowledge, the two strains are the highest phycobiliprotein producers described to date from this cyanobacterial family, which could be used as potential strains for phycocyanin production, especially PKUAC-GDTS1-29.
引文
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[37]Tang J,Bromfield ESP,Rodrigue N,et al.Microevolution of symbiotic Bradyrhizobium populations associated with soybeans in east North America[J].Ecology and Evolution,2012,2(12):2943-2961
[38]Whyte JNC.Biochemical composition and energy content of six species of phytoplankton used in mariculture of bivalves[J].Aquaculture,1987,60(3/4):231-241
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[43]Bennett A,Bogorad L.Complementary chromatic adaptation in a filamentous blue-green alga[J].Journal of Cell Biology,1973,58(2):419-435
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[3]Castenholz RW.Isolation and cultivation of thermophilic cyanobacteria[A]//Starr MP,Stolp H,Trüper HG,et al.The Prokaryotes[M].Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag,1981:236-246
[4]Amin A,Ahmed I,Salam N,et al.Diversity and distribution of thermophilic bacteria in hot springs of pakistan[J].Microbial Ecology,2017,74(1):116-127
[5]Ward DM,Castenholz RW,Miller SR.Cyanobacteria in geothermal habitats[A]//Whitton BA.Ecology of Cyanobacteria II[M].Dordrecht:Springer,2012:39-63
[6]Parmar A,Singh NK,Pandey A,et al.Cyanobacteria and microalgae:a positive prospect for biofuels[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(22):10163-10172
[7]Spolaore P,Joannis-Cassan C,Duran E,et al.Commercial applications of microalgae[J].Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2006,101(2):87-96
[8]Prasanna R,Sood A,Jaiswal P,et al.Rediscovering cyanobacteria as valuable sources of bioactive compounds(Review)[J].Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology,2010,46(2):119-134
[9]Jansson C.Metabolic engineering of cyanobacteria for direct conversion of CO2 to hydrocarbon biofuels[A]//Lüttge U,Beyschlag W,Büdel B,et al.Progress in Botany 73[M].Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer,2012:81-93
[10]Jia ZC,Liu Y,Daroch M,et al.Screening,growth medium optimisation and heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae for biodiesel production[J].Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,2014,173(7):1667-1679
[11]Daroch M,Shao CC,Liu Y,et al.Induction of lipids and resultant FAME profiles of microalgae from coastal waters of Pearl River Delta[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,146:192-199
[12]Ghosh P,Adhikari U,Ghosal PK,et al.In vitro anti-herpetic activity of sulfated polysaccharide fractions from Caulerpa racemosa[J].Phytochemistry,2004,65(23):3151-3157
[13]Singh S,Kate BN,Banerjee UC.Bioactive compounds from cyanobacteria and microalgae:an overview[J].Critical Reviews in Biotechnology,2005,25(3):73-95
[14]Gantar M,Svir?ev Z.Microalgae and cyanobacteria:food for thought[J].Journal of Phycology,2008,44(2):260-268
[15]Habib MAB,Parvin M,Huntington TC,et al.A review on culture,production and use of Spirulina as food for humans and feeds for domestic animals and fish[R].FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No.1034.Rome:FAO,2008:33
[16]Glazer AN,Apell GS,Hixson CS,et al.Biliproteins of cyanobacteria and Rhodophyta:homologous family of photosynthetic accessory pigments[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1976,73(2):428-431
[17]Yamanaka G,Glazer AN,Williams RC.Cyanobacterial phycobilisomes.Characterization of the phycobilisomes of Synechococcus sp.6301[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,1978,253(22):8303-8310
[18]Bhat VB,Madyastha KM.C-phycocyanin:a potent peroxyl radical scavenger in vivo and in vitro[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,2000,275(1):20-25
[19]Ge BS,Qin S,Han L,et al.Antioxidant properties of recombinant allophycocyanin expressed in Escherichia coli[J].Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B:Biology,2006,84(3):175-180
[20]Yuan YV,Carrington MF,Walsh NA.Extracts from dulse(Palmaria palmata)are effective antioxidants and inhibitors of cell proliferation in vitro[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2005,43(7):1073-1081
[21]Li JJ,Liu Y,Cheng JJ,et al.Biological potential of microalgae in China for biorefinery-based production of biofuels and high value compounds[J].New Biotechnology,2015,32(6):588-596
[22]Nozzi NE,Oliver JWK,Atsumi S.Cyanobacteria as a platform for biofuel production[J].Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology,2013,1:7
[23]Tang J,Jiang D,Luo YF,et al.Potential new genera of cyanobacterial strains isolated from thermal springs of western Sichuan,China[J].Algal Research,2018,31:14-20
[24]Xia BM.Flora Algarum Marinarum Sinicarum-Tomus I,Cyanophyta[M].Beijing:Science Press,2017(in Chinese)夏邦美.中国海藻志-第一卷,蓝藻门[M].北京:科学出版社,2017
[25]Kim JH,Kang DH.Draft genome sequence of Leptolyngbya sp.KIOST-1,a filamentous cyanobacterium with biotechnological potential for alimentary purposes[J].Genome Announcements,2016,4(5):e00984-16
[26]Kim JH,Choi W,Jeon SM,et al.Isolation and characterization of Leptolyngbya sp.KIOST-1,a basophilic and euryhaline filamentous cyanobacterium from an open paddle-wheel raceway Arthrospira culture pond in Korea[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2015,119(6):1597-1612
[27]Ling J,Dong JD,Zhang YZ,et al.New Leptolyngbya species scsio T-2 strain useful in preparing fertilizer for prompting nitrogen fixing in bacteria and in preparing indole-3-acetic acid:China,CN104830692A[P].2015-08-12(in Chinese)凌娟,董俊德,张渊洲,等.一株瘦鞘丝藻scsioT-2及其应用:中国,CN104830692A[P].2015-08-12
[28]Vijayakumar S,Menakha M.Pharmaceutical applications of cyanobacteria-a review[J].Journal of Acute Medicine,2015,5(1):15-23
[29]Markou G,Georgakakis D.Cultivation of filamentous cyanobacteria(blue-green algae)in agro-industrial wastes and wastewaters:a review[J].Applied Energy,2011,88(10):3389-3401
[30]Stanier RY,Kunisawa R,Mandel M,et al.Purification and properties of unicellular blue-green algae(order Chroococcales)[J].Bacteriological Reviews,1971,35(2):171-205
[31]Hindák F.Thermal microorganisms from a hot spring on the coast of Lake Bogoria,Kenya[J].Nova Hedwigia,2001,123:77-93
[32]Komárek J,Anagnostidis K.Cyanoprokaryota[J].Flora del valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán,2011,90:1-96
[33]Komárek J,Johansen JR.Chapter 4-filamentous cyanobacteria[A]//Wehr JD,Sheath RG,Kociolek RP.Freshwater Algae of North America[M].2nd ed.USA:Elsevier Inc,2015:135-235
[34]Singh OA,Oinam G,Singh KO,et al.Isolation of fresh water Cyanobacterial DNA of north east India by modified Xanthogenate method[J].International Journal of Research in BioSciences,2013,2(2):75-82
[35]Kumar S,Stecher G,Tamura K.MEGA7:Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets[J].Molecular Biology&Evolution,2016,33(7):1870-1874
[36]Guindon S,Dufayard JF,Lefort V,et al.New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies:assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0[J].Systematic Biology,2010,59(3):307-321
[37]Tang J,Bromfield ESP,Rodrigue N,et al.Microevolution of symbiotic Bradyrhizobium populations associated with soybeans in east North America[J].Ecology and Evolution,2012,2(12):2943-2961
[38]Whyte JNC.Biochemical composition and energy content of six species of phytoplankton used in mariculture of bivalves[J].Aquaculture,1987,60(3/4):231-241
[39]Lichtenthaler HK,Wellburn AR.Determinations of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents[J].Biochemical Society Transactions,1983,11(5):591-592
[40]Gantt E,Cunningham Jr FX.Algal pigments[A]//Encyclopedia of Life Sciences[M].USA:John Wiley&Sons Inc,2001
[41]Horváth H,Kovács AW,Riddick C,et al.Extraction methods for phycocyanin determination in freshwater filamentous cyanobacteria and their application in a shallow lake[J].European Journal of Phycology,2013,48(3):278-286
[42]Sobiechowska-Sasim M,Stoń-Egiert J,Kosakowska A.Quantitative analysis of extracted phycobilin pigments in cyanobacteria-an assessment of spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,2014,26(5):2065-2074
[43]Bennett A,Bogorad L.Complementary chromatic adaptation in a filamentous blue-green alga[J].Journal of Cell Biology,1973,58(2):419-435
[44]Singh J,Tripathi R,Thakur IS.Characterization of endolithic cyanobacterial strain,Leptolyngbya sp.ISTCY101,for prospective recycling of CO2 and biodiesel production[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,166:345-352
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