不同施肥处理对柑橘粉虱和柑橘潜叶蛾发生的影响
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摘要
柑橘粉虱Dialeurodes citri Ashmead和柑橘潜叶蛾Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton是柑橘的主要害虫,为了评估施肥对其发生的影响,本研究调查了施用有机肥、化肥、复混肥(有机肥与化肥混合)的砂糖橘苗木上这两种害虫的发生危害情况。结果表明,施用有机肥的苗木上柑橘粉虱的卵和若虫数量显著低于化肥,由柑橘粉虱诱发的煤污病发病程度也显著低于化肥处理。有机肥处理柑橘粉虱成虫数量也最少,但与化肥、复混肥差异未达显著水平。另外,柑橘潜叶蛾为害情况在3种肥料处理之间则没有显著差异。说明施有机肥的砂糖橘对柑桔粉虱的吸引作用最弱,其次为复混肥,化肥最吸引柑橘粉虱。3种施肥处理对柑橘潜叶蛾的吸引作用差异不明显。
Citrus whitefly Dialeurodes citri and citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella are important citrus pests. In order to assess the effect of different fertilizers applying in citrus on these pest species, the numbers of adult, egg and nymph of this whitefly and the damage of citrus leafminer on the citrus young plants treated by 3 kinds of fertilizer, organic, chemical and mixture(mixture of organic and chemical fertilizer) were monitored in a greenhouse. The results showed that although there was no significant difference of settling adults among the 3 treatments, the numbers of egg and nymph of citrus whitefly on the organic fertilizer-treated citrus were significantly fewer than the chemical fertilizer treatment. And the index of sooty mold caused by the whitefly of organic fertilizer treatment was also lowest. However, the damage indexes caused by citrus leafminer were not significantly different among the 3 treatments. The results indicated that applying of the organic fertilizer had the weakest attraction to citrus whitefly, followed by compound fertilizer, and the chemical fertilizer was the most attractive for this pest. However, the three fertilization treatments had little difference in the attraction of citrus leaf miner.
Citrus whitefly Dialeurodes citri and citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella are important citrus pests. In order to assess the effect of different fertilizers applying in citrus on these pest species, the numbers of adult, egg and nymph of this whitefly and the damage of citrus leafminer on the citrus young plants treated by 3 kinds of fertilizer, organic, chemical and mixture(mixture of organic and chemical fertilizer) were monitored in a greenhouse. The results showed that although there was no significant difference of settling adults among the 3 treatments, the numbers of egg and nymph of citrus whitefly on the organic fertilizer-treated citrus were significantly fewer than the chemical fertilizer treatment. And the index of sooty mold caused by the whitefly of organic fertilizer treatment was also lowest. However, the damage indexes caused by citrus leafminer were not significantly different among the 3 treatments. The results indicated that applying of the organic fertilizer had the weakest attraction to citrus whitefly, followed by compound fertilizer, and the chemical fertilizer was the most attractive for this pest. However, the three fertilization treatments had little difference in the attraction of citrus leaf miner.
引文
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Jiang YL, Hou XL, Tan P. Dentification of disease resistance to anthracnose and sooty mould of the main citrus varieties in Guizhou province [J]. Guizhou Agricultural Sciences, 2011, 39 (10): 101-104. [姜于兰, 侯小莉, 谭萍. 贵州柑橘主栽种对炭疽病和煤污病的抗性鉴定 [J]. 贵州农业科学, 2011, 39 (10): 101-104]
Li ZQ, Liang GW, Cen YJ,et al. Roles of organic management in restoration of arthropod community diversity in citrus orchard [J]. Journal of Biology, 2009, 28 (8): 1515-1519. [李志强, 梁广文, 岑伊静, 等. 有机管理对柑橘园节肢动物群落多样性恢复的作用 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2009, 28 (8): 1515-1519]
Liu Q, Yang H, Zhou MQ,et al. Epidemiological investigation on the occurrence of forest coal pollution in 4 counties of northeast Sichuan [J]. Journal of China West Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2017, 38 (3): 261-268. [刘倩, 阳红, 周明强, 等. 川东北4县区林业煤污病发生的流行病学调查研究 [J]. 西华师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 38 (3): 261-268]
Liu X, Dai J. Occurrence patterns and control techniques of citrus whitefly pests in Sichuan province [J]. Science and Technology of Sichuan Agriculture, 2011, 4: 44. [刘旭, 代娟. 四川柑橘粉虱类害虫的发生与防治技术 [J]. 四川农业科技, 2011, 4: 44]
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Liu ZX. Investigation on the damage of citrus leafminer [J]. Chinese Citrus, 1992, 21 (4): 40. [刘兆雄. 柑橘潜叶蛾危害调查方法探索 [J]. 中国柑橘, 1992, 21 (4): 40]
Lu W, Hou ML, Wen JH,et al. Influne of soil applied fertilizer on the development host selection and fecundity of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius [J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2008, 16 (4): 914-920. [卢伟, 侯茂林, 文吉辉, 等. 土壤施肥对烟粉虱生长发育、寄主选择及繁殖的影响 [J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2008, 16 (4): 914-920]
Pang ST, Dong YH. Relationship between soil fertilization and phytophagous pests [J]. Soil, 2012, 44 (5): 719-726. [庞淑婷, 董元华. 土壤施肥与植食性害虫发生为害的关系 [J]. 土壤, 2012, 44 (5): 719-726]
Qu AJ, Zhu CM, Guo SJ,et al. Study on Biological characteristics of Dialeurodes citri Ashmead [J]. Chinese Bulletin of Entomology, 1998, 35 (4): 212-215. [曲爱军, 朱承美, 郭树嘉, 等. 柑橘粉虱生物学特性研究[J]. 昆虫知识, 1998, 35 (4): 212-215]
Wan S, Li SQ, Zhang HY. Study on the Selectivity of Dialeurodes citri Ashmead to different citrus cultivars [J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2011, 50 (11): 2234-2235. [万珊, 李绍勤, 张宏宇. 柑橘粉虱对不同柑橘品种的选择性 [J]. 湖北农业科学, 2011, 50 (11): 2234-2235]
Wang YS. Related factors of occurrence of Dialeurodes citri Ashmead and its control countermeasures [J]. Agricultural Technical Services, 2008, 1: 47, 110. [王云生. 柑橘粉虱发生的相关因素与防治对策 [J]. 农技服务, 2008, 1: 47, 110]
Wu BF, Zhou BG, Chen LX. Study on the application effect of organic biological fertilizer on citrus [J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2003, 3: 59-61. [吴本法, 周邦国, 陈兰祥. 有机生物肥在柑橘上的应用效果研究 [J]. 湖北农业科学, 2003, 3: 59-61]
You MS, Liu YF, Hou YM. Farmland biodiversity and Integrated Pest Management [J]. Journal of Ecology, 2004, 24 (1): 117-122. [尤民生, 刘雨芳, 侯有明. 农田生物多样性与害虫综合治理 [J]. 生态学报, 2004, 24 (1): 117-122]
Zhou SQ, Wu XJ, He QY. Biological characteristics,occurrence patterns and integrated control of the Dialeurodes citri Ashmead [J]. South China Fruits, 2013, 42 (4): 108-109. [周升卿, 伍兴甲, 何青英. 柑橘粉虱生物学特性、发生规律及其综合防治 [J]. 中国南方果树, 2013, 42 (4): 108-109]
Altieri MA, Nicholls CI. Soil fertility management and insect pests:Harmonizing soil and plant health in agroeco systems [J]. Soil & Tillage Research, 2003, 72 (2): 203-211.
Agustini Y, Purwatiningsih P, Sulistyanto D,et al. Combination of organic fertilizer and biological agent for pest control Spodoptera exigua of plant onion in Gending, Probolinggo [J]. Jurnal Ilmu Dasar, 2017, 18 (2): 99-108.
Cai MD, Yi GJ, Peng CJ. Illustrated Handbook of Citrus Pests and Diseases [M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 2011. [蔡明段, 易干军, 彭成绩. 柑橘病虫害原色图鉴 [M]. 北京:中国农业出版社, 2011]
Chen CR. Occurrence and control measures of citrus leafminer [J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2009, 8: 91. [陈春荣. 柑橘潜叶蛾的发生规律及防治措施 [J]. 现代农业科技, 2009, 8: 91]
Cheng C, Ren JQ, Feng CG,et al. Occurrence and control of Dialeurodes citri Ashmead in Wanzhou district of Chongqing [J]. South China Agriculture, 2016, 10 (10): 49-50. [程春, 任杰群, 冯春钢, 等. 重庆市万州区柑橘粉虱发生规律与防治对策 [J]. 南方农业, 2016, 10 (10): 49-50]
Jiang LH, Luo W, Xiao ZG,et al. Effects of long-term fertilization on rice growth and insect resistance: Analysis of soil biological contribution [J]. Biodiversity, 2016, 24 (8): 907-915. [蒋林惠, 罗琌, 肖正高, 等. 长期施肥对水稻生长和抗虫性的影响: 解析土壤生物的贡献 [J]. 生物多样性, 2016, 24 (8): 907-915]
Jiang YL, Hou XL, Tan P. Dentification of disease resistance to anthracnose and sooty mould of the main citrus varieties in Guizhou province [J]. Guizhou Agricultural Sciences, 2011, 39 (10): 101-104. [姜于兰, 侯小莉, 谭萍. 贵州柑橘主栽种对炭疽病和煤污病的抗性鉴定 [J]. 贵州农业科学, 2011, 39 (10): 101-104]
Li ZQ, Liang GW, Cen YJ,et al. Roles of organic management in restoration of arthropod community diversity in citrus orchard [J]. Journal of Biology, 2009, 28 (8): 1515-1519. [李志强, 梁广文, 岑伊静, 等. 有机管理对柑橘园节肢动物群落多样性恢复的作用 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2009, 28 (8): 1515-1519]
Liu Q, Yang H, Zhou MQ,et al. Epidemiological investigation on the occurrence of forest coal pollution in 4 counties of northeast Sichuan [J]. Journal of China West Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2017, 38 (3): 261-268. [刘倩, 阳红, 周明强, 等. 川东北4县区林业煤污病发生的流行病学调查研究 [J]. 西华师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 38 (3): 261-268]
Liu X, Dai J. Occurrence patterns and control techniques of citrus whitefly pests in Sichuan province [J]. Science and Technology of Sichuan Agriculture, 2011, 4: 44. [刘旭, 代娟. 四川柑橘粉虱类害虫的发生与防治技术 [J]. 四川农业科技, 2011, 4: 44]
Liu X, LiuJ, Lei YH, et al. Occurrence regularity and biological characters of Dialeurodes citri Ashmead in Sichuan citrus orchard [J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2012, 25 (6): 2108-2111. [刘旭, 刘娟, 雷应华, 等. 四川柑橘粉虱生物学特性及发生规律的研究 [J]. 西南农业学报, 2012, 25 (6): 2108-2111]
Liu ZX. Investigation on the damage of citrus leafminer [J]. Chinese Citrus, 1992, 21 (4): 40. [刘兆雄. 柑橘潜叶蛾危害调查方法探索 [J]. 中国柑橘, 1992, 21 (4): 40]
Lu W, Hou ML, Wen JH,et al. Influne of soil applied fertilizer on the development host selection and fecundity of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius [J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2008, 16 (4): 914-920. [卢伟, 侯茂林, 文吉辉, 等. 土壤施肥对烟粉虱生长发育、寄主选择及繁殖的影响 [J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2008, 16 (4): 914-920]
Pang ST, Dong YH. Relationship between soil fertilization and phytophagous pests [J]. Soil, 2012, 44 (5): 719-726. [庞淑婷, 董元华. 土壤施肥与植食性害虫发生为害的关系 [J]. 土壤, 2012, 44 (5): 719-726]
Qu AJ, Zhu CM, Guo SJ,et al. Study on Biological characteristics of Dialeurodes citri Ashmead [J]. Chinese Bulletin of Entomology, 1998, 35 (4): 212-215. [曲爱军, 朱承美, 郭树嘉, 等. 柑橘粉虱生物学特性研究[J]. 昆虫知识, 1998, 35 (4): 212-215]
Wan S, Li SQ, Zhang HY. Study on the Selectivity of Dialeurodes citri Ashmead to different citrus cultivars [J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2011, 50 (11): 2234-2235. [万珊, 李绍勤, 张宏宇. 柑橘粉虱对不同柑橘品种的选择性 [J]. 湖北农业科学, 2011, 50 (11): 2234-2235]
Wang YS. Related factors of occurrence of Dialeurodes citri Ashmead and its control countermeasures [J]. Agricultural Technical Services, 2008, 1: 47, 110. [王云生. 柑橘粉虱发生的相关因素与防治对策 [J]. 农技服务, 2008, 1: 47, 110]
Wu BF, Zhou BG, Chen LX. Study on the application effect of organic biological fertilizer on citrus [J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2003, 3: 59-61. [吴本法, 周邦国, 陈兰祥. 有机生物肥在柑橘上的应用效果研究 [J]. 湖北农业科学, 2003, 3: 59-61]
You MS, Liu YF, Hou YM. Farmland biodiversity and Integrated Pest Management [J]. Journal of Ecology, 2004, 24 (1): 117-122. [尤民生, 刘雨芳, 侯有明. 农田生物多样性与害虫综合治理 [J]. 生态学报, 2004, 24 (1): 117-122]
Zhou SQ, Wu XJ, He QY. Biological characteristics,occurrence patterns and integrated control of the Dialeurodes citri Ashmead [J]. South China Fruits, 2013, 42 (4): 108-109. [周升卿, 伍兴甲, 何青英. 柑橘粉虱生物学特性、发生规律及其综合防治 [J]. 中国南方果树, 2013, 42 (4): 108-109]