饲粮维生素K_3添加水平对五龙鹅胫骨发育、免疫器官指数及抗氧化性能的影响
|
摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮维生素K_3添加水平对五龙鹅胫骨发育、免疫器官指数及抗氧化性能的影响。试验分为2个阶段,1～4周龄阶段,选用1日龄五龙鹅360只,随机分为6个组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鹅。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮(维生素K_3含量为1.23 mg/kg),Ⅱ～Ⅵ组在基础饲粮中分别添加1、2、4、8和16 mg/kg的维生素K_3。5～16周龄阶段,选用28日龄五龙鹅288只,随机分为6个组,每组6个重复,每个重复8只鹅。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮(维生素K_3含量为1.18 mg/kg),Ⅱ～Ⅵ组在基础饲粮中分别添加2、4、8、16和32 mg/kg的维生素K_3。试验期16周。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,1～4周龄阶段,饲粮中添加4 mg/kg维生素K_3显著提高了胫骨粗灰分含量、骨密度、骨强度和骨重(P<0.05),极显著提高了胫骨钙、磷含量(P<0.01); 5～16周龄阶段,饲粮中添加8 mg/kg维生素K_3极显著提高了胫骨粗灰分、钙、磷含量及骨密度、骨强度(P<0.01),骨小梁和成骨细胞发育更好。2)饲粮中添加维生素K_3对胸腺指数、脾脏指数和法氏囊指数无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)与对照组相比,1～4周龄阶段,饲粮中添加4 mg/kg维生素K_3显著提高了血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性(P <0.05),显著降低了血清丙二醛(M DA)含量(P <0. 05),极显著提高了血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0.01); 5～16周龄阶段,饲粮中添加8 mg/kg维生素K_3显著提高了血清T-SOD和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性(P<0.05),显著降低了血清MDA含量(P<0.05),极显著提高了血清T-AOC (P<0.01)。由此可见,1～4周龄和5～16周龄五龙鹅饲粮中维生素K_3添加水平分别为4和8 mg/kg时,提高了胫骨粗灰分、钙、磷含量及骨密度、骨强度,改善胫骨发育状况;提高了血清T-SOD活性和T-AOC,降低了血清MDA含量,进而提高了五龙鹅抗氧化性能。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary vitamin K_3 supplemental level on tibia development,immune organ index and antioxidant capacity of Wulong geese. This experiment was divided into two stages,in 1 to 4 weeks of age stage,a total of 360 one-day-old Wulong geese were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 10 geese in each replicate. Geese in group Ⅰ( control group) were fed a basal diet( vitamin K_3 content was 1.23 mg/kg); and the others in groups Ⅱ to Ⅵ were fed the basal diets supplemented with 1,2,4,8 and 16 mg/kg vitamin K_3,respectively. In 5 to 16 weeks of age stage,a total of 288 twenty-eight-day-old Wulong geese were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 8 geese in each replicate. Geese in group Ⅰ( control group) were fed a basal diet( vitamin K_3 content was 1. 18 mg/kg); and the others in groups Ⅱ to Ⅵ were fed the basal diets supplemented with 2,4,8,16 and 32 mg/kg vitamin K_3,respectively. The experiment lasted for 16 weeks.The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group,in 1 to 4 weeks of age stage,dietary supplemented with 4 mg/kg vitamin K_3 significantly increased the crude ash content,bone mineral density,bone strength and bone weight in tibia( P < 0. 05), and significantly increased the contents of calcium and phosphorus in tibia( P<0.01); in 5 to 16 weeks of age stage,dietary supplemented with 8 mg/kg vitamin K_3 significantly increased the crude ash,calcium and phosphorus contents and bone mineral density,bone strength in tibia( P<0.01),and the bone trabecula and osteoblast developed better. 2) Dietary supplemented with vitamin K_3 had no significant effects on the thymus index,spleen index and bursa of Fabricius index( P > 0.05).3) Compared with the control group,in 1 to 4 weeks of age stage,dietary supplemented with 4 mg/kg vitamin K_3 significantly increased the serum total superoxide dismutase( T-SOD) activity,significantly decreased the serum malondialdehyde( M DA) content( P<0.05),and significantly increased the serum total antioxidant capacity( T-AOC)( P<0.01); in 5 to 16 weeks of age stage,dietary supplemented with 8 mg/kg vitamin K_3 significantly increased the serum T-SOD and catalase( CAT) activities,significantly decreased the serum M DA content( P<0.05),and significantly increased the serum T-AOC( P<0.01). In conclusion,the supplementation of 4 and 8 mg/kg vitamin K_3 in the diet of Wulong geese during 1 to 4 weeks of age and 5 to 16 weeks of age can increase the crude ash,calcium and phosphorus contents and bone mineral density,bone strength of tibia,and improve the development of tibia. It also can increase the T-SOD activity and T-AOC in serum,reduce the serum M DA content,and improve the antioxidant capacity of Wulong geese.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) : 2642-2650]
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary vitamin K_3 supplemental level on tibia development,immune organ index and antioxidant capacity of Wulong geese. This experiment was divided into two stages,in 1 to 4 weeks of age stage,a total of 360 one-day-old Wulong geese were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 10 geese in each replicate. Geese in group Ⅰ( control group) were fed a basal diet( vitamin K_3 content was 1.23 mg/kg); and the others in groups Ⅱ to Ⅵ were fed the basal diets supplemented with 1,2,4,8 and 16 mg/kg vitamin K_3,respectively. In 5 to 16 weeks of age stage,a total of 288 twenty-eight-day-old Wulong geese were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 8 geese in each replicate. Geese in group Ⅰ( control group) were fed a basal diet( vitamin K_3 content was 1. 18 mg/kg); and the others in groups Ⅱ to Ⅵ were fed the basal diets supplemented with 2,4,8,16 and 32 mg/kg vitamin K_3,respectively. The experiment lasted for 16 weeks.The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group,in 1 to 4 weeks of age stage,dietary supplemented with 4 mg/kg vitamin K_3 significantly increased the crude ash content,bone mineral density,bone strength and bone weight in tibia( P < 0. 05), and significantly increased the contents of calcium and phosphorus in tibia( P<0.01); in 5 to 16 weeks of age stage,dietary supplemented with 8 mg/kg vitamin K_3 significantly increased the crude ash,calcium and phosphorus contents and bone mineral density,bone strength in tibia( P<0.01),and the bone trabecula and osteoblast developed better. 2) Dietary supplemented with vitamin K_3 had no significant effects on the thymus index,spleen index and bursa of Fabricius index( P > 0.05).3) Compared with the control group,in 1 to 4 weeks of age stage,dietary supplemented with 4 mg/kg vitamin K_3 significantly increased the serum total superoxide dismutase( T-SOD) activity,significantly decreased the serum malondialdehyde( M DA) content( P<0.05),and significantly increased the serum total antioxidant capacity( T-AOC)( P<0.01); in 5 to 16 weeks of age stage,dietary supplemented with 8 mg/kg vitamin K_3 significantly increased the serum T-SOD and catalase( CAT) activities,significantly decreased the serum M DA content( P<0.05),and significantly increased the serum T-AOC( P<0.01). In conclusion,the supplementation of 4 and 8 mg/kg vitamin K_3 in the diet of Wulong geese during 1 to 4 weeks of age and 5 to 16 weeks of age can increase the crude ash,calcium and phosphorus contents and bone mineral density,bone strength of tibia,and improve the development of tibia. It also can increase the T-SOD activity and T-AOC in serum,reduce the serum M DA content,and improve the antioxidant capacity of Wulong geese.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) : 2642-2650]
引文
[1]党晓鹏.畜禽维生素K的非凝血功能[J].江西饲料,2015,6(3):6-8.
[2]YANG T T C,KOO M W L.Inhibitory effect of Chinese green tea on endothelial cell-induced LDL oxidation[J].Atherosclerosis,2000,148(1):67-73.
[3]陶天遵,杨小清,陶树清,等.维生素K与骨代谢[J].国外医学(内分泌学分册),2005,25(5):298-301.
[4]KIM M,NA W,SOHN C.Vitamin K1(phylloquinone)and K2(menaquinone-4)supplementation improves bone formation in a high-fat diet-induced obese mice[J].Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition,2013,53(2):108-113.
[5]BOUCKAERT J H,SAID A H.Fracture healing by vitamin K[J].Nature,1960,18(5):849-850.
[6]FANG YZ,YANG S,WU G Y.Freeradicals,antioxidants,and nutrition[J].Nutrition,2002,18(10):872-879.
[7]YUAN J,FENG L,JIANG W D,et al.Effects of dietary vitamin K levels on grow th performance,enzyme activities and antioxidant status in the hepatopancreas and intestine of juvenile Jian carp(Cyprinuscarpio var.Jian)[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2016,22(2):352-366.
[8]FU J H,XU W,MAI K S,et al.Effects of dietary menadione on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in abalone,Haliotis discus hannaniino[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2012,30(1):118-123.
[9]SOPER R J,OGUZ C,EMERY R,et al.Vitamin Kcatabolite inhibition of ovariectomy-induced bone loss:structure-activity relationship considerations[J].M olecular Nutrition&Food Research,2014,58(8):1658-1666.
[10]谢煜,姚珍薇,杨帆.雌激素和维生素K抗去势成年雌性大鼠骨质疏松的实验研究[J].中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版),2009,5(3):226-231.
[11]YAMAUCHI M,YAMAGUCHI T,NAWATA K,et al.Relationships betw een undercarboxylated osteocalcin and vitamin K intakes,boneturnover,and bone mineral density in healthy w omen[J].Clinical Nutrition,2010,29(6):761-765.
[12]罗林枝,徐苓.维生素K与骨质疏松[J].中国医学科学院学报,2003,25(3):346-349.
[13]赵新华,赵熙和,崔伟,等.维生素K对幼鼠骨量及骨强度影响的实验研究[J].中国骨质疏松杂志,1999,5(1):22-27.
[14]高志.维生素K2对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的影响[D].硕士学位论文.成都:四川大学,2007.
[15]COCKAYNE S,ADAMSON J,LANHAM-NEWS,et al.Vitamin K and the prevention of fractures:systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J].Archives of Internal M edicine,2006,166(12):1256-1261.
[16]SHIRAKI M,SHIRAKI Y,AOKI C,et al.Vitamin K2(menatetrenone)effectively prevents fractures and sustains lumbar bone mineral density in osteoporosis[J].Journal of Bone and Mineral Research,2000,15(3):515-521.
[17]元江.维生素K对幼建鲤消化吸收功能、免疫功能和抗氧化状态的影响[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2013.
[18]郭丹苗.人血免疫球蛋白联合维生素K3治疗难治性哮喘的临床疗效研究[J].中外医学研究,2013,11(22):33-34.
[19]常连胜,冯陶,李菊香,等.维生素D3和维生素K3对实验性肾结石的影响[J].中华泌尿外科杂志,2001,22(1):20-22.
[20]吴亚锋,陈静,倪金娣,等.3种免疫增强剂对异育银鲫非特异性免疫功能的影响[J].水产养殖,2018,39(10):23-27.
[21]CANFIELD L M,DAVY L A,THOMAS G L.Antioxidant/pro-oxidant reactions of vitamin K[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,1985,128(1):211-219.
[22]潘春芳,徐三荣.维生素K对去卵巢大鼠肝氧化应激及炎症因子的影响[J].江苏大学学报(医学版),2014,24(1):31-35.
[23]李国富,何一凡,吴清坛,等.血清SOD、GSH-Px、T-AOC及M DA的测定对肺炎诊断的临床意义[J].现代临床医学生物工程学杂志,2003,9(3):196-197,200.
[24]王连生,许红,王洋,等.维生素K3对西伯利亚鲟生长和抗氧化功能的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2015,30(6):641-646.
[2]YANG T T C,KOO M W L.Inhibitory effect of Chinese green tea on endothelial cell-induced LDL oxidation[J].Atherosclerosis,2000,148(1):67-73.
[3]陶天遵,杨小清,陶树清,等.维生素K与骨代谢[J].国外医学(内分泌学分册),2005,25(5):298-301.
[4]KIM M,NA W,SOHN C.Vitamin K1(phylloquinone)and K2(menaquinone-4)supplementation improves bone formation in a high-fat diet-induced obese mice[J].Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition,2013,53(2):108-113.
[5]BOUCKAERT J H,SAID A H.Fracture healing by vitamin K[J].Nature,1960,18(5):849-850.
[6]FANG YZ,YANG S,WU G Y.Freeradicals,antioxidants,and nutrition[J].Nutrition,2002,18(10):872-879.
[7]YUAN J,FENG L,JIANG W D,et al.Effects of dietary vitamin K levels on grow th performance,enzyme activities and antioxidant status in the hepatopancreas and intestine of juvenile Jian carp(Cyprinuscarpio var.Jian)[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2016,22(2):352-366.
[8]FU J H,XU W,MAI K S,et al.Effects of dietary menadione on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in abalone,Haliotis discus hannaniino[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2012,30(1):118-123.
[9]SOPER R J,OGUZ C,EMERY R,et al.Vitamin Kcatabolite inhibition of ovariectomy-induced bone loss:structure-activity relationship considerations[J].M olecular Nutrition&Food Research,2014,58(8):1658-1666.
[10]谢煜,姚珍薇,杨帆.雌激素和维生素K抗去势成年雌性大鼠骨质疏松的实验研究[J].中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版),2009,5(3):226-231.
[11]YAMAUCHI M,YAMAGUCHI T,NAWATA K,et al.Relationships betw een undercarboxylated osteocalcin and vitamin K intakes,boneturnover,and bone mineral density in healthy w omen[J].Clinical Nutrition,2010,29(6):761-765.
[12]罗林枝,徐苓.维生素K与骨质疏松[J].中国医学科学院学报,2003,25(3):346-349.
[13]赵新华,赵熙和,崔伟,等.维生素K对幼鼠骨量及骨强度影响的实验研究[J].中国骨质疏松杂志,1999,5(1):22-27.
[14]高志.维生素K2对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的影响[D].硕士学位论文.成都:四川大学,2007.
[15]COCKAYNE S,ADAMSON J,LANHAM-NEWS,et al.Vitamin K and the prevention of fractures:systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J].Archives of Internal M edicine,2006,166(12):1256-1261.
[16]SHIRAKI M,SHIRAKI Y,AOKI C,et al.Vitamin K2(menatetrenone)effectively prevents fractures and sustains lumbar bone mineral density in osteoporosis[J].Journal of Bone and Mineral Research,2000,15(3):515-521.
[17]元江.维生素K对幼建鲤消化吸收功能、免疫功能和抗氧化状态的影响[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2013.
[18]郭丹苗.人血免疫球蛋白联合维生素K3治疗难治性哮喘的临床疗效研究[J].中外医学研究,2013,11(22):33-34.
[19]常连胜,冯陶,李菊香,等.维生素D3和维生素K3对实验性肾结石的影响[J].中华泌尿外科杂志,2001,22(1):20-22.
[20]吴亚锋,陈静,倪金娣,等.3种免疫增强剂对异育银鲫非特异性免疫功能的影响[J].水产养殖,2018,39(10):23-27.
[21]CANFIELD L M,DAVY L A,THOMAS G L.Antioxidant/pro-oxidant reactions of vitamin K[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,1985,128(1):211-219.
[22]潘春芳,徐三荣.维生素K对去卵巢大鼠肝氧化应激及炎症因子的影响[J].江苏大学学报(医学版),2014,24(1):31-35.
[23]李国富,何一凡,吴清坛,等.血清SOD、GSH-Px、T-AOC及M DA的测定对肺炎诊断的临床意义[J].现代临床医学生物工程学杂志,2003,9(3):196-197,200.
[24]王连生,许红,王洋,等.维生素K3对西伯利亚鲟生长和抗氧化功能的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2015,30(6):641-646.