基于气候适应性的南方山水地区城市设计方法研究
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摘要
城市快速发展进程中大规模的建设引发的气候问题极大地影响了城市环境,并带来严重的城市热岛问题。针对我国南方城市中山、水周边地区高强度、高密度的城市化趋势,为了最大化山水要素对气候的调节作用,亟待在城市设计中发挥气候适应性方法和策略。本文通过分析国内外气候适应性城市设计研究实践的经验和不足,提出制定针对我国南方城市山、水周边地区的气候适应性城市设计方法,将微气候的要素纳入三维空间分析,在常规的AHP分层级的城市设计要素分析基础上,构建特色的南方地区"山、水空间气候规划地图",并对应当前我国不同层级的城市设计、构建相应的气候适应性的城市设计空间策略和评价框架,以期在南方城市山、水周边地区城市设计中广泛使用。
The climate problem caused by large-scale construction in the rapid development of cities has greatly affected the urban environment and brought serious urban heat island problems. In terms of the high intensity and the high density urbanization trend in the southern cities of China, in order to maximize the effects of mountains and water bodies on local climate, it is urgent to use the climate adaptation method and strategy in urban design.By analyzing the practical experience and the insufficiency in climate adaptability of urban design,this paper proposes climate-adaptability-based urban design methods specifically for China's southern city of mountain and waterfront areas, and integrates elements of micro-climate into three-dimensional spatial analysis. Based on the analysis of the conventional AHP hierarchical urban design elements, the paper sets up "mountain and waterfront area climate planning map" and correlates with urban design spatial strategy and analytical evaluation framework for different levels of urban design in China. Hopefully, it will be widely used in the urban design of the southern cities.
The climate problem caused by large-scale construction in the rapid development of cities has greatly affected the urban environment and brought serious urban heat island problems. In terms of the high intensity and the high density urbanization trend in the southern cities of China, in order to maximize the effects of mountains and water bodies on local climate, it is urgent to use the climate adaptation method and strategy in urban design.By analyzing the practical experience and the insufficiency in climate adaptability of urban design,this paper proposes climate-adaptability-based urban design methods specifically for China's southern city of mountain and waterfront areas, and integrates elements of micro-climate into three-dimensional spatial analysis. Based on the analysis of the conventional AHP hierarchical urban design elements, the paper sets up "mountain and waterfront area climate planning map" and correlates with urban design spatial strategy and analytical evaluation framework for different levels of urban design in China. Hopefully, it will be widely used in the urban design of the southern cities.
引文
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5齐康.城市环境规划设计与方法[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997.
6王其亨.风水理论研究[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2005.
7肖毅强,殷实.基于城市气候学的地域性城市设计研究导引[J].城市建筑,2017,(01):24-28.
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12 Golany,G.S.,Urban design morphology and thermal performance.Atmostheric Enviroment,1996.Vol.30:pp.455-465
13陈宇青.结合气候的设计思路.[D]武汉:华中科技大学,2005
14 Oke T R.Towards Better Scientific Communication in Urban Climate[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2006(84):179-190.
15任超,吴恩融,卢茨·卡施纳.城市环境气候信息在德国城市规划中的应用及其启示[J].国际城市规划,2013(4):91-99.
16 Bosselmann Peter,Edward Arens,et al.Urban form and Climate[J].APA Journal,1995(2):227.
17 Ren Chao.Urban Climatic Map-An Information Tool for Sustainable
18 Urban Planning School of Architecture[D].The Chinese University of HongKong,2010.
19张相文.新撰地文学[M].长沙:岳麓书社,2013.
20李和平,章征涛,杨宁,攀枝花市民商务办公区城市设计的气候适应性探讨[J],规划师,2017(1):88-104.33
21刘锐,窦建奇.亚热带滨海岸线地区城市设计——以珠海银坑半岛设计实践为例[J].规划师,2013(10):47-51.29
22李保峰,高芬,余庄.旧城更新中的气候适应性及计算机模拟研究——以武汉汉正街为例[J].城市规划,2008(7):93-96.
23郑颖生,史源,任超,吴恩融,改善高密度城市区域通风的城市形态优化策略研究——以香港新界大埔墟为例[J].国际城市规划,2016(5):68-75.31
24 VDI.VDI-Guideline3787,Part1,Environmental Meteorology-climate and Air Pollution Maps for Cities and Regions.Berlin:Beuth Verlag,1997a
25周雪帆.城市空间形态对主城区气候影响研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2013.
26叶袓达,刘京,王静懿.建立低碳城市规划实施手段——从城市热岛效应模型分解控规指标[J].城市规划学刊,2010(06):39-45.
2黄光宇,陈勇.生态城市概念及其规划设计方法研究[J].城市规划,1997(6):17-20.
3吴良镛.开拓面向新世纪的人居环境学——人居环境与21世纪华夏建筑学术讨论会上的总结发言[J].建筑学报,1995(3):9-15.
4吴良镛.人居环境科学导论[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
5齐康.城市环境规划设计与方法[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997.
6王其亨.风水理论研究[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2005.
7肖毅强,殷实.基于城市气候学的地域性城市设计研究导引[J].城市建筑,2017,(01):24-28.
8黄媛.夏热冬冷地区基于节能的气候适应性街区城市设计方法论研究[D].2010
9李鹍,余庄.基于遥感技术的城市布局与热环境关系研究——以武汉市为例[J].城市规划,2008(5):75-82.
10袁超.缓解高密度城市热岛效应规划方法的探讨——以香港城市为例[J].建筑学报,2010(S1):120-123.
11杨俊宴,张涛,谭瑛.城市风环境研究的技术演进及其评价体系整合[J].南方建筑,2014(3):31-38.
12 Golany,G.S.,Urban design morphology and thermal performance.Atmostheric Enviroment,1996.Vol.30:pp.455-465
13陈宇青.结合气候的设计思路.[D]武汉:华中科技大学,2005
14 Oke T R.Towards Better Scientific Communication in Urban Climate[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2006(84):179-190.
15任超,吴恩融,卢茨·卡施纳.城市环境气候信息在德国城市规划中的应用及其启示[J].国际城市规划,2013(4):91-99.
16 Bosselmann Peter,Edward Arens,et al.Urban form and Climate[J].APA Journal,1995(2):227.
17 Ren Chao.Urban Climatic Map-An Information Tool for Sustainable
18 Urban Planning School of Architecture[D].The Chinese University of HongKong,2010.
19张相文.新撰地文学[M].长沙:岳麓书社,2013.
20李和平,章征涛,杨宁,攀枝花市民商务办公区城市设计的气候适应性探讨[J],规划师,2017(1):88-104.33
21刘锐,窦建奇.亚热带滨海岸线地区城市设计——以珠海银坑半岛设计实践为例[J].规划师,2013(10):47-51.29
22李保峰,高芬,余庄.旧城更新中的气候适应性及计算机模拟研究——以武汉汉正街为例[J].城市规划,2008(7):93-96.
23郑颖生,史源,任超,吴恩融,改善高密度城市区域通风的城市形态优化策略研究——以香港新界大埔墟为例[J].国际城市规划,2016(5):68-75.31
24 VDI.VDI-Guideline3787,Part1,Environmental Meteorology-climate and Air Pollution Maps for Cities and Regions.Berlin:Beuth Verlag,1997a
25周雪帆.城市空间形态对主城区气候影响研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2013.
26叶袓达,刘京,王静懿.建立低碳城市规划实施手段——从城市热岛效应模型分解控规指标[J].城市规划学刊,2010(06):39-45.
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