基于GVC的贸易问题研究:一个文献综述
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摘要
伴随跨国生产网络的构建以及全球生产要素的自由流动,基于产品内分工生产链条多国布局的全球价值链(GVC)便应运而生,国家(企业)可通过其嵌入分工链条的位置以及获得的增加值来测度自身的市场地位及贸易利得,富裕的福利内涵及政策价值令GVC受到广泛关注。综合梳理基于全球价值链的国际贸易文献,首先从分工地位、贸易利益及其边际变化三个方向来认识一国(企业)GVC贸易活动,接着从理论及经验角度讨论参与GVC的模式选择。进一步地,基于GVC的日渐丰富的应用研究,文章梳理归纳收入福利、就业、技术溢出、贸易政策和出口定价策略、服务贸易发展等在GVC分工模式下的变化,寻找新贸易模式下的各类经济行为及利益所得将如何改变。最终给出总结述评。
With the construction of multinational production networks and the free flow of global production factors, the global value chain(GVC) based on the multi-country layout of the production chain within the product has emerged as the times require, and the country(enterprise) can measure its own market position and trade gains through the division of labor embedded and value added in GVC. Substantial wealthy welfare and policy value make GVC widely concerned. Comprehensively combing the international trade literature based on the global value chain, firstly understand the GVC trade activities of a country(enterprise) from the three directions of division of labor, trade interests and marginal changes, and then discuss the mode selection of participating in GVC from the perspective of theory and experience. Further, based on the increasingly rich application research on GVC, the article sorts out the changes in income and welfare, employment, technology spillovers, trade policy and export pricing strategy, service trade development etc. under the GVC division of labor, and looks for how various type of economic behavior and interest will be changed under this new trade model. Finally, a summary review is given.
With the construction of multinational production networks and the free flow of global production factors, the global value chain(GVC) based on the multi-country layout of the production chain within the product has emerged as the times require, and the country(enterprise) can measure its own market position and trade gains through the division of labor embedded and value added in GVC. Substantial wealthy welfare and policy value make GVC widely concerned. Comprehensively combing the international trade literature based on the global value chain, firstly understand the GVC trade activities of a country(enterprise) from the three directions of division of labor, trade interests and marginal changes, and then discuss the mode selection of participating in GVC from the perspective of theory and experience. Further, based on the increasingly rich application research on GVC, the article sorts out the changes in income and welfare, employment, technology spillovers, trade policy and export pricing strategy, service trade development etc. under the GVC division of labor, and looks for how various type of economic behavior and interest will be changed under this new trade model. Finally, a summary review is given.
引文
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① 余淼杰等(2016)进一步发现,相对于加工贸易,贸易自由化更能够显著提升一般贸易中进口中间品的质量.
② 三角格局指在实行垂直一体化分工的“亚洲生产网络”中,中国对原材料和半成品的进口多来源于东亚国家,而产成品出口目的地则是欧美发达国家.
③ KWW方法的投入产出表中尽管包含了服务贸易进口,但中间投入分配上却沿用了HIY方法的强假设,且投入产出资料本身也需要作价格上的转换.
④ 即一国内需市场的稳定和扩大所带来的规模生产和生产率改进能够促进出口.
[2] 贾怀勤.在地贸易统计还是属权贸易统计[J].统计研究,2006,(2):40-44.
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[4] 吕婕,张子杰.中美贸易差额的重新估算——基于所有权贸易核算体系的改进[J].国际贸易问题,2011,(5):52-59.
[5] 马述忠,王笑笑,张洪胜.出口贸易转型升级能否缓解人口红利下降的压力[J].世界经济,2016,(7):121-143.
[6] 王岚.全球价值链分工背景下的中美增加值贸易与双边贸易利益[J].财经研究,2014,(9):97-108.
[7] 张杰,张帆,陈志远.出口与企业生产率关系的新检验:中国经验[J].世界经济,2016,(6):54-76.
[8] Lau,Lawrence J,等.非竞争型投入占用产出模型及其应用——中美贸易顺差透视[J].管理世界,2007,(5):91-105.
[9] Acemoglu Daron,Akcigit Ufuk,Kerr William.Networks and the Macroeconomy:An Empirical Exploration [J].NBER Macroeconomics Annual,2016,(1):273-335.
[10] Ahmed S.Are Chinese Exports Sensitive To Changes In The Exchange Rate?[R].Washington DC:International Finance Discussion Papers,No.987,Federal Reserve Board,2009.
[11] Altomonte C,Mauro F D,Ottaviano G,etc.Global Value Chains during the Great Trade Collaps:A Bullwhip Effect?[R].CEPR Discussion Paper,2012.
[12] Amiti M,Itskhoki O,Konings J.Importers,Exporters,And Exchange Rate Disconnect [J].American Economic Review,2014,(7):1942-1978.
[13] Antràs P,Helpman E.Global Sourcing [J].Journal of Political Economy,2004,(3):552-580.
[14] Antràs P,Robert W Staiger.Offshoring and the Role of Trade Agreements [J].American Economic Review,2012,(7):3140-3183.
[15] Antràs P,Chor D,Fally T.Measuring the Upstreamness of Production and Trade Flows [J].American Economic Review,2012,(3):412-416.
[16] Antràs P,D Chor.Organizing the Global Value Chain [J].Econometrica,2013,(6):2127-2204.
[17] Baldwin R.Trade And Industrialization after Globalization’s 2nd unbundling:How Building and Joining a Supply Chain Are Different and Why It Matters [R].NBER Working Paper,2011,No.17716.
[18] Baldwin Richard,Venables Anthony J.Spiders and Snakes:Offshoring and Agglomeration in the Global Economy [J].Journal of International Economics,2013,(2):245-254.
[19] Baldwin J R,Yan B.Global Value Chains and the Productivity of Canadian Manufacturing Firms [M].Ottawa:Statistics Canada Publishing,2014.
[20] Baldwin R,F Robert-Nicoud.Trade-in-goods And Trade-in-tasks:An Integrating Framework [J].Journal of International Economics,2014,(1):51-62.
[21] Baldwin Richard E ,Okubo Toshihiro.International Trade,Offshoring and Heterogeneous Firms [J].Review of International Economics,2014,(1):59-72.
[22] Baldwin R E,J Lopez-Gonzalez.Supply-chain Trade:A Portrait of Global Patterns and Several Testable Hypotheses [J].The World Economy,2015,(11):1682-1721.
[23] Bas M,Berthou A.Does Input-trade Liberalization Affect Firms’ Foreign Technology Choice?[J].The World Bank Economic Review,2017,(2):351-384.
[24] Bas M,V Strauss-Kahn.Input-trade Liberalization,Export Prices and Quality Upgrading [J].Journal of International Economics,2015,(2):250-262.
[25] Baumol W J.Macroeconomics of Unbalanced Growth:The Anatomy of Urban Crisis [J].American Economic Review,1967,(3):415-426.
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[27] Blalock G,P J Gertler.How Firm Capabilities Affect Who Benefits From Foreign Technology [J].Journal of Development Economics,2009,(2):192-199.
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[29] Brandt L,Van Biesebroeck J,Wang L.WTO Accession and Performance of Chinese Manufacturing Firms [J].American Economic Review,2017,(9):2784-2820.
[30] Breinlich H.The Effect of Trade Liberalization on Firm-level Profits:An Event-study Approach [R].CEP Discussion Paper,2016,No.1401.
[31] Bustos P.Trade Liberalization,Exports and Technology Upgrading:Evidence on the Impact of MERCOSUR on American Firms [J].American Economic Review,2011,(1):304-340.
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① 余淼杰等(2016)进一步发现,相对于加工贸易,贸易自由化更能够显著提升一般贸易中进口中间品的质量.
② 三角格局指在实行垂直一体化分工的“亚洲生产网络”中,中国对原材料和半成品的进口多来源于东亚国家,而产成品出口目的地则是欧美发达国家.
③ KWW方法的投入产出表中尽管包含了服务贸易进口,但中间投入分配上却沿用了HIY方法的强假设,且投入产出资料本身也需要作价格上的转换.
④ 即一国内需市场的稳定和扩大所带来的规模生产和生产率改进能够促进出口.