基于LUCC的鄱阳湖湿地生态效应分析
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摘要
土地利用/土地覆盖变化(LUCC)是内陆湿地演变的重要因素之一,对湿地生态系统产生广泛的生态效应。2000年以来,鄱阳湖湿地土地利用方式和强度发生了较大变化,有必要探究由此引发的生态效应。利用2000-2013年共4个时期的遥感影像,借助RS和GIS工具研究了鄱阳湖湿地各时期的LUCC及其动态度和土地利用综合程度指数,通过景观指数计算,分析了总体景观格局和不同景观类型的变化特征;利用主成分分析和相关分析方法,探讨了总体景观格局指数主成分综合值及其与土地利用程度综合指数的相关性。结果表明,鄱阳湖湿地土地利用结构和方式发生了较大变化,水体和耕地面积逐年下降,林地、建设用地和沙滩地面积逐年增加,土地利用综合程度指数由2000年的249.08上升到2013年的251.41,土地利用强度持续增加;总体景观格局指数和不同景观类型均发生了较大变化,景观趋于多样化、复杂化和破碎化,连通性降低,稳定性变弱;土地利用程度综合指数与总体景观格局指数相关系数为0.927,呈显著正相关,土地利用强度的增加使鄱阳湖湿地景观格局趋于负面化。研究结果反映LUCC引发景观的破碎化和不稳定、鄱阳湖湿地面积的减少以及生物多样性降低等一系列负向生态效应。
Land use/cover change( LUCC) is one of the important factors in the evolution of inland wetlands resulting from human activities and it has wide ranging ecological effect on wetland ecosystems. Since 2000,intense use has dramatically altered the land use pattern of Poyang Lake wetland and it is important to explore the resulting ecological effects. Using RS and GIS,we studied the LUCC,change dynamics and the comprehensive index of land use in Poyang Lake wetland,based on remote sensing images captured at the same time of year in 2000,2004,2008 and 2013. Changes in the overall landscape pattern and various landscape types were analyzed by calculating the landscape index for each year. The relationship between the comprehensive index of land use degree and the overall landscape pattern index was characterized using principal component analysis( PCA) and correlation analysis( CA). The goal of this study was to explore the ecological effects of LUCC in the Poyang Lake wetland from the perspectives of landscape ecology,hydrology and biodiversity. Six wetland use patterns in Poyang Lake wetland were identified,based on the national wetland classification system and characteristics of the Poyang wetland ecological system: water,cultivated land,forest land,construction zones,sand and beaches. Year by year,land structure and use patterns markedly changed as areas covered by water and cultivated land decreased and areas covered by forest,construction zones,sand and beaches increased. Land use intensity increased continuously and the comprehensive land use index in Poyang Lake wetland increased from 249. 08 in 2000 to 251. 41 in 2013. Large changes in the wetland landscape are indicated by the change in landscape pattern index. During the study period,the landscape tended to become more diverse,complex and fragmented. The connectivity and stability of the landscape were reduced. There was a significant positive correlation between the comprehensive index of land use degree and the overall landscape pattern index( R~2= 0. 927). Increases in land use intensity had a negative effect on the landscape pattern in Poyang Lake wetland as the landscape became more fragmented. The LUCC in Poyang Lake wetland has caused a series of negative ecological effects with landscape fragmentation leading to declines in wetland stability,area and biodiversity. This study provides a warning and demonstrates the need to develop policies guiding the reasonable use and conservation of wetland resources and to protect the ecological environment while exploiting wetland resources.
Land use/cover change( LUCC) is one of the important factors in the evolution of inland wetlands resulting from human activities and it has wide ranging ecological effect on wetland ecosystems. Since 2000,intense use has dramatically altered the land use pattern of Poyang Lake wetland and it is important to explore the resulting ecological effects. Using RS and GIS,we studied the LUCC,change dynamics and the comprehensive index of land use in Poyang Lake wetland,based on remote sensing images captured at the same time of year in 2000,2004,2008 and 2013. Changes in the overall landscape pattern and various landscape types were analyzed by calculating the landscape index for each year. The relationship between the comprehensive index of land use degree and the overall landscape pattern index was characterized using principal component analysis( PCA) and correlation analysis( CA). The goal of this study was to explore the ecological effects of LUCC in the Poyang Lake wetland from the perspectives of landscape ecology,hydrology and biodiversity. Six wetland use patterns in Poyang Lake wetland were identified,based on the national wetland classification system and characteristics of the Poyang wetland ecological system: water,cultivated land,forest land,construction zones,sand and beaches. Year by year,land structure and use patterns markedly changed as areas covered by water and cultivated land decreased and areas covered by forest,construction zones,sand and beaches increased. Land use intensity increased continuously and the comprehensive land use index in Poyang Lake wetland increased from 249. 08 in 2000 to 251. 41 in 2013. Large changes in the wetland landscape are indicated by the change in landscape pattern index. During the study period,the landscape tended to become more diverse,complex and fragmented. The connectivity and stability of the landscape were reduced. There was a significant positive correlation between the comprehensive index of land use degree and the overall landscape pattern index( R~2= 0. 927). Increases in land use intensity had a negative effect on the landscape pattern in Poyang Lake wetland as the landscape became more fragmented. The LUCC in Poyang Lake wetland has caused a series of negative ecological effects with landscape fragmentation leading to declines in wetland stability,area and biodiversity. This study provides a warning and demonstrates the need to develop policies guiding the reasonable use and conservation of wetland resources and to protect the ecological environment while exploiting wetland resources.
引文
蔡海生,张学玲,朱德海,2006.鄱阳湖区土地利用及其退化研究[J].人民长江,37(11):86-89.
胡振鹏,2012.鄱阳湖流域生态修复的理论、方法及其应用[J].长江流域资源与环境,21(3):259-267.
胡振鹏,葛刚,刘成林,2015.鄱阳湖湿地植被退化原因分析及其预警[J].长江流域资源与环境,24(3):381-386.
黄金国,郭志永,2007.鄱阳湖湿地生物多样性及其保护对策[J].水土保持研究,4(1):305-312.
揭二龙,李小军,刘士余,2007.鄱阳湖湿地动态变化及其成因分析[J].江西农业大学学报,29(3):500-503.
林世滔,陈文波,2015.人类活动对鄱阳湖生态经济区生物多样性的影响研究[J].江西农业大学学报,37(5):938-946.
马倩,2012.新疆甘家湖湿地土地利用变化及其生态环境效应[J].干旱区资源与环境,26(1):189-193.
穆少杰,周可新,方颖,等,2014.构建大尺度绿色廊道保护区域生物多样性[J].生物多样性,22(2):242-249.
冉盈盈,王卷乐,张永杰,2012.鄱阳湖地区土地覆盖空间分布格局与景观特征分析[J].地理信息科学学报,14(3):327-337.
汪冬华,2010.多元统计分析与SPSS应用[M].上海:华东理工大学出版社:180-188.
汪玉如,曾南京,涂晓斌,等,2006.鄱阳湖湿地保护现状与对策研究[J].江西农业大学学报:社会科学版,5(4):99-101.
王秀兰,包玉海,1999.土地利用动态变化研究方法探讨[J].地理科学进展,18(1):81-87.
邬建国,2007.景观生态学:格局、过程、尺度与等级[M].北京:高等教育出版社:106-125.
吴小平,2014.底栖动物资源及其动态变化考察报告[R].
武晶,刘志明,2014.生境破碎化对生物多样性的影响研究综述[J].生态学杂志,33(7):1946-1952.
谢冬明,金国花,2015.鄱阳湖湿地生物多样性保护生态功能重要性评价[J].江西农业大学学报,7(5):932-937.
杨俊,单灵芝,席建超,等,2014.南四湖湿地土地利用格局演变与生态效应[J].资源科学,36(4):856-864.
叶春,赵晓松,吴桂平,等,2013.鄱阳湖自然保护区植被生物量时空变化及水位影响[J].湖泊科学,25(5):707-714.
喻光明,魏雅丽,陶文星,等,2006.土地整理对区域景观格局的影响:以湖北省安陆市辛榨乡基本农田整理项目为例[J].华中师范大学学报,40(3):457-461.
袁莉蓉,齐婷,喻光明,2014.内陆湿地土地利用变化的生态效应:以斧头湖为例[J].海洋湖沼通报,(1):129-136.
张福庆,陈文波,2007.鄱阳湖区土地利用的生态效应[J]生态学杂志,26(7):1058-1062.
张静,王本德,2007.基于相关分析的雨量站选择及洪水预报方法[J].水文,27(3):31-34.
赵军凯,李九发,蒋陈娟,等,2013.长江中下游河湖水量交换过程[J].水科学进展,24(6):759-770.
赵其国,黄国勤,钱海燕,2007.鄱阳湖生态环境与可持续发展[J].土壤学报,44(2):318-325.
郑国强,江南,史同广,2004.长江三角洲土地利用变化及驱动力分析[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,28(6)18-22.
钟海燕,2011.鄱阳湖区土地利用变化及其生态环境效应研究[D].南京:南京农业大学.
朱建平,2012.应用多元统计分析[M].北京:科学出版社:93-106.
庄大方,刘纪远,1997.中国土地利用程度的区域分异模型研究[J].自然资源学报,12(2):105-111.
Detenbeck N E,Galatowitsch S M,Atkinson J,et al,1999.E-valuating perturbations and developing restoration strategies for inland wetlands in the Great lakes basin[J].Wetlands,19(4):789-820.
Kayastha N,Thomas V,Galbraith J,et al,2012.Monitoring Wetland Change Using Inter-Annual Landsat Time-Series Data[J].Wetlands,32(6):1149-1162.
Torbick N M,Qi J,Roloff G J,et al,2006.Investigating impacts of Land-use land cover change on wetlands in the Muskegon River wetland,Michigan,USA[J].Wetlands,26(4):1103-1113.
Zhang R,Tang C,Ma S,et al,2011.Using Markov chains to analyze changes in wetland trends in arid Yinchuan Plain,China[J].Mathematical and Computer Modelling,54(3):924-930.
胡振鹏,2012.鄱阳湖流域生态修复的理论、方法及其应用[J].长江流域资源与环境,21(3):259-267.
胡振鹏,葛刚,刘成林,2015.鄱阳湖湿地植被退化原因分析及其预警[J].长江流域资源与环境,24(3):381-386.
黄金国,郭志永,2007.鄱阳湖湿地生物多样性及其保护对策[J].水土保持研究,4(1):305-312.
揭二龙,李小军,刘士余,2007.鄱阳湖湿地动态变化及其成因分析[J].江西农业大学学报,29(3):500-503.
林世滔,陈文波,2015.人类活动对鄱阳湖生态经济区生物多样性的影响研究[J].江西农业大学学报,37(5):938-946.
马倩,2012.新疆甘家湖湿地土地利用变化及其生态环境效应[J].干旱区资源与环境,26(1):189-193.
穆少杰,周可新,方颖,等,2014.构建大尺度绿色廊道保护区域生物多样性[J].生物多样性,22(2):242-249.
冉盈盈,王卷乐,张永杰,2012.鄱阳湖地区土地覆盖空间分布格局与景观特征分析[J].地理信息科学学报,14(3):327-337.
汪冬华,2010.多元统计分析与SPSS应用[M].上海:华东理工大学出版社:180-188.
汪玉如,曾南京,涂晓斌,等,2006.鄱阳湖湿地保护现状与对策研究[J].江西农业大学学报:社会科学版,5(4):99-101.
王秀兰,包玉海,1999.土地利用动态变化研究方法探讨[J].地理科学进展,18(1):81-87.
邬建国,2007.景观生态学:格局、过程、尺度与等级[M].北京:高等教育出版社:106-125.
吴小平,2014.底栖动物资源及其动态变化考察报告[R].
武晶,刘志明,2014.生境破碎化对生物多样性的影响研究综述[J].生态学杂志,33(7):1946-1952.
谢冬明,金国花,2015.鄱阳湖湿地生物多样性保护生态功能重要性评价[J].江西农业大学学报,7(5):932-937.
杨俊,单灵芝,席建超,等,2014.南四湖湿地土地利用格局演变与生态效应[J].资源科学,36(4):856-864.
叶春,赵晓松,吴桂平,等,2013.鄱阳湖自然保护区植被生物量时空变化及水位影响[J].湖泊科学,25(5):707-714.
喻光明,魏雅丽,陶文星,等,2006.土地整理对区域景观格局的影响:以湖北省安陆市辛榨乡基本农田整理项目为例[J].华中师范大学学报,40(3):457-461.
袁莉蓉,齐婷,喻光明,2014.内陆湿地土地利用变化的生态效应:以斧头湖为例[J].海洋湖沼通报,(1):129-136.
张福庆,陈文波,2007.鄱阳湖区土地利用的生态效应[J]生态学杂志,26(7):1058-1062.
张静,王本德,2007.基于相关分析的雨量站选择及洪水预报方法[J].水文,27(3):31-34.
赵军凯,李九发,蒋陈娟,等,2013.长江中下游河湖水量交换过程[J].水科学进展,24(6):759-770.
赵其国,黄国勤,钱海燕,2007.鄱阳湖生态环境与可持续发展[J].土壤学报,44(2):318-325.
郑国强,江南,史同广,2004.长江三角洲土地利用变化及驱动力分析[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,28(6)18-22.
钟海燕,2011.鄱阳湖区土地利用变化及其生态环境效应研究[D].南京:南京农业大学.
朱建平,2012.应用多元统计分析[M].北京:科学出版社:93-106.
庄大方,刘纪远,1997.中国土地利用程度的区域分异模型研究[J].自然资源学报,12(2):105-111.
Detenbeck N E,Galatowitsch S M,Atkinson J,et al,1999.E-valuating perturbations and developing restoration strategies for inland wetlands in the Great lakes basin[J].Wetlands,19(4):789-820.
Kayastha N,Thomas V,Galbraith J,et al,2012.Monitoring Wetland Change Using Inter-Annual Landsat Time-Series Data[J].Wetlands,32(6):1149-1162.
Torbick N M,Qi J,Roloff G J,et al,2006.Investigating impacts of Land-use land cover change on wetlands in the Muskegon River wetland,Michigan,USA[J].Wetlands,26(4):1103-1113.
Zhang R,Tang C,Ma S,et al,2011.Using Markov chains to analyze changes in wetland trends in arid Yinchuan Plain,China[J].Mathematical and Computer Modelling,54(3):924-930.