高水压变化环境下鲫鱼的承受能力研究
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摘要
以常见鱼种鲫鱼为研究对象,利用控制变量及统计分析方法开展鲫鱼在高水压条件下不同降压过程中承受能力的实验研究,分析了水压变化环境对鲫鱼的影响和不同大小的鲫鱼承压能力的差异。结果表明,压强和降压速率均对鲫鱼健康有重要影响,且两者关系密不可分。总体来讲,压强在3 MPa以内,鲫鱼均未受伤;压强在4~10 MPa范围内,压强和降压速率越大,鲫鱼受伤的几率越大;压强超过10 MPa后,鲫鱼会死亡,且压强越大,造成鲫鱼死亡的降压速率临界值越小。此外发现,鲫鱼对变压环境的承受能力似乎与其个体大小无明显的关系。该研究有望对未来高科技远洋渔业中所涉及的深水养殖及深水捕捞技术提供一定的理论依据和指导意义。
Taking the crucian carp as the research object,the tolerance to different depressurization rates under high water pressure conditions is explored by experimental investigation with the variable-controlling method and the statistical analysis method. The effects of water pressure changes on crucian carps and the pressure tolerance difference of individuals of various sizes are analyzed. The results show that two closely related factors,initial pressure and the depressurization rate,both have obvious effects on the health of crucian carp. Generally speaking,the crucian carps stay uninjured under the pressure within 3 MPa; when the pressure comes within the range of 4-10 MPa,the greater the pressure and the depressurization rate are,the more likely the carp gets injured; the crucian carp will die under the pressure exceeding 10 MPa,and the greater pressure results in the decline of the death depressurization rate threshold. In addition,it is found that the crucian carp tolerance to the pressure change does not seem to have any significant relationship with their individual size. The research is expected to provide some theoretical basis and guidance significance for deepwater aquaculture and deepwater fishing technology in the future high-tech oceanic fishery.
Taking the crucian carp as the research object,the tolerance to different depressurization rates under high water pressure conditions is explored by experimental investigation with the variable-controlling method and the statistical analysis method. The effects of water pressure changes on crucian carps and the pressure tolerance difference of individuals of various sizes are analyzed. The results show that two closely related factors,initial pressure and the depressurization rate,both have obvious effects on the health of crucian carp. Generally speaking,the crucian carps stay uninjured under the pressure within 3 MPa; when the pressure comes within the range of 4-10 MPa,the greater the pressure and the depressurization rate are,the more likely the carp gets injured; the crucian carp will die under the pressure exceeding 10 MPa,and the greater pressure results in the decline of the death depressurization rate threshold. In addition,it is found that the crucian carp tolerance to the pressure change does not seem to have any significant relationship with their individual size. The research is expected to provide some theoretical basis and guidance significance for deepwater aquaculture and deepwater fishing technology in the future high-tech oceanic fishery.
引文
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[10]程一鑫,王煜,王继保.水轮机内负压对鲢鱼幼鱼损伤阈值模拟试验[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(4):22-26.CHENG Y X,WANG Y,WANG J B.Simulative experiments on subatmospheric pressure injury to young Silver carps in hydraulic turbine[J].Journal of China Three Gorges University(Natural Sciences),2017,39(4):22-26.
[11]张洋,王煜,戴会超.水轮机流道非恒定流对过机鱼体影响研究[J].水利水电技术,2017,48(2):89-96.ZHANG Y,WANG Y,DAI H C.Impact from unsteady flow in flow passage on fish passing through turbine[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2017,48(2):89-96.
[12]RICHMOND M C,SERKOWSKI J A,EBNER L L,et al.Quantifying barotrauma risk to juvenile fish during hydroturbine passage[J].Fisheries Research,2014,154:152-164.
[13]FELIZARDO V D O,ANDRADE E D S,MURGAS L D S,et al.Swimbladder abnormalities in piapara(Leporinus obtusidens)captured downstream of the Funil Dam[J].Neotropical Ichthyology,2010,8(3):661-665.
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[15]POMPEU P D S,HORTA L F M,MARTINEZ C B.Evaluation of the effects of pressure gradients on four Brazilian freshwater fish species[J].Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology,2009,52(1):111-118.
[16]BOYS C A,ROBINSON W,MILLER B,et al.A piecewise regression approach for determining biologically relevant hydraulic thresholds for the protection of fishes at river infrastructure[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2016,88(5):1677-1692.
[17]BOYS C A,BAUMGARTNER L,MILLER B,et al.Protecting downstream migrating fish at mini hydropower and other river infrastructure[J].NSW Department of Primary Industries Fisheries Final Report Series NO.137,2013.
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[19]BEYER D L,D'AOUST B G,SMITH L S.Decompressioninduced bubble formation in salmonids:comparison to gas bubble disease[J].Undersea Biomedical Research,1976,3(4):321-338.
[20]BECKER J M,ABERNETHY C S,DAUBLE D D.Identifying the effects on fish of changes in water pressure during turbine passage[J].Hydro Review,2003,22(5):1-5.
[21]BROWN R S,CARLSON T J,WELCH A E,et al.Assessment of barotrauma from rapid decompression of depthacclimated juvenile Chinook salmon bearing radiotelemetry transmitters[J].Office of Scientific&Technical Information Technical Reports,2009,138(6):1285-1301.
[22]BROWN R S,PFLUGRATH B D,COLOTELO A H,et al.Pathways of barotrauma in juvenile salmonids exposed to simulated hydroturbine passage:Boyle's law vs.Henry's law[J].Fisheries Research,2012,121-122:43-50.
[23]PFLUGRATH B D,BROWN R S,CARLSON T J.Maximum neutral buoyancy depth of juvenile Chinook salmon:implications for survival during hydroturbine passage[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2012,141(2):520-525.
[24]BISHAI H M.The effect of pressure on the survival and distribution of larval and young fish[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,1961,26(3):292-311.
[25]FEATHERS M G,KNABLE A E.Effects of depressurization upon largemouth bass[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,1983,3(1):86-90.
[26]RUMMER J L,BENNETT W A.Physiological effects of swim bladder overexpansion and catastrophic decompression on red snapper[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2005,134(6):1457-1470.
[27]TSVETKOV V I,PAVLOV D S,NEZDOLIY V K.Changes of hydrostatic pressure lethal to young of some freshwater fish[J].Journal of Ichthyology,1972,12:307-318.
[2]马云瑞,郭佩芳.我国深远水养殖环境适宜条件研究[J].海洋环境科学,2017,36(2):249-254.MA Y R,GUO P F.The research of suitable conditions for Chinese mariculture environment in deep-water area far from coast[J].Marine Environmental Science,2017,36(2):249-254.
[3]侯海燕,鞠晓晖,陈雨生.国外深海网箱养殖业发展动态及其对中国的启示[J].世界农业,2017(5):162-166.HOU H Y,JU X H,CHEN Y S.The development of the deep-marine net cage aquaculture abroad and its enlightenment to China[J].World Agriculture,2017(5):162-166.
[4]林德芳,黄文强,关长涛.我国海水网箱养殖的现状、存在的问题及今后课题[J].齐鲁渔业,2002,19(1):21-23.LIN D F,HUANG W Q,GUAN C T.The actuality,problem and prospects of the marine net cage culture of China[J].Shandong Fisheries,2002,19(1):21-23.
[5]盛金荣.海南普通网箱与深水网箱养殖经济效益分析——以海南陵水及澄迈为例[D].广东:广东海洋大学,2016.SHENG J R.Economic benefits analysis on the traditional cage and offshore cage culture of Hainan Province:cases of Lingshui county and Chengmai county[D].Guangdong:Guangdong Ocean University.2016.
[6]邵奇,李海锋,吴玉林,等.水力机械内压力变化梯度对鱼类损伤的模拟试验[J].机械工程学报,2002,38(10):7-11.SHAO Q,LI H F,WU Y L,et al.Simulating experiment on fish damage caused by the pressure gradient in hydraulic machinery[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2002,38(10):7-11.
[7]李海锋,邵奇,吴玉林,等.负压状态下压力变化导致鲫鱼身体组织的损伤[J].动物学报,2003,49(1):67-72.LI H F,SHAO Q,WU Y L,et al.Crucian(Carassius auratus auratus)damage caused by pressure changes under subatmospheric conditions[J].Acta Zoologica Sinica,2003,49(1):67-72.
[8]邵奇,李萌,吴玉林,等.水力机械内鲤鱼草鱼的压力损伤模拟试验[J].工程热物理学报,2003,24(6):954-957.SHAO Q,LI M,WU Y L,et al.Simulating experiment on the damage of Carp and Grass carp caused by the pressure changing courses in hydraulic machinery[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2003,24(6):954-957.
[9]李成,王煜.轴流式水轮机流道内压力分布对幼鱼影响研究[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版),2015,37(6):65-69.LI C,WANG Y.Effects of pressure distribution over passage of axial flow hydraulic turbine on passing-through fishes[J].Journal of China Three Gorges University(Natural Sciences),2015,37(6):65-69.
[10]程一鑫,王煜,王继保.水轮机内负压对鲢鱼幼鱼损伤阈值模拟试验[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(4):22-26.CHENG Y X,WANG Y,WANG J B.Simulative experiments on subatmospheric pressure injury to young Silver carps in hydraulic turbine[J].Journal of China Three Gorges University(Natural Sciences),2017,39(4):22-26.
[11]张洋,王煜,戴会超.水轮机流道非恒定流对过机鱼体影响研究[J].水利水电技术,2017,48(2):89-96.ZHANG Y,WANG Y,DAI H C.Impact from unsteady flow in flow passage on fish passing through turbine[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2017,48(2):89-96.
[12]RICHMOND M C,SERKOWSKI J A,EBNER L L,et al.Quantifying barotrauma risk to juvenile fish during hydroturbine passage[J].Fisheries Research,2014,154:152-164.
[13]FELIZARDO V D O,ANDRADE E D S,MURGAS L D S,et al.Swimbladder abnormalities in piapara(Leporinus obtusidens)captured downstream of the Funil Dam[J].Neotropical Ichthyology,2010,8(3):661-665.
[14]GORDON M S.11 Hydrostatic pressure[J].Fish Physiology,1970,4:445-464.
[15]POMPEU P D S,HORTA L F M,MARTINEZ C B.Evaluation of the effects of pressure gradients on four Brazilian freshwater fish species[J].Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology,2009,52(1):111-118.
[16]BOYS C A,ROBINSON W,MILLER B,et al.A piecewise regression approach for determining biologically relevant hydraulic thresholds for the protection of fishes at river infrastructure[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2016,88(5):1677-1692.
[17]BOYS C A,BAUMGARTNER L,MILLER B,et al.Protecting downstream migrating fish at mini hydropower and other river infrastructure[J].NSW Department of Primary Industries Fisheries Final Report Series NO.137,2013.
[18]BROWN R S,COLOTELO A H,PFLUGRATH B D,et al.Understanding barotrauma in fish passing hydro structures:a global strategy for sustainable development of water resources[J].Fisheries,2014,39(3):108-122.
[19]BEYER D L,D'AOUST B G,SMITH L S.Decompressioninduced bubble formation in salmonids:comparison to gas bubble disease[J].Undersea Biomedical Research,1976,3(4):321-338.
[20]BECKER J M,ABERNETHY C S,DAUBLE D D.Identifying the effects on fish of changes in water pressure during turbine passage[J].Hydro Review,2003,22(5):1-5.
[21]BROWN R S,CARLSON T J,WELCH A E,et al.Assessment of barotrauma from rapid decompression of depthacclimated juvenile Chinook salmon bearing radiotelemetry transmitters[J].Office of Scientific&Technical Information Technical Reports,2009,138(6):1285-1301.
[22]BROWN R S,PFLUGRATH B D,COLOTELO A H,et al.Pathways of barotrauma in juvenile salmonids exposed to simulated hydroturbine passage:Boyle's law vs.Henry's law[J].Fisheries Research,2012,121-122:43-50.
[23]PFLUGRATH B D,BROWN R S,CARLSON T J.Maximum neutral buoyancy depth of juvenile Chinook salmon:implications for survival during hydroturbine passage[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2012,141(2):520-525.
[24]BISHAI H M.The effect of pressure on the survival and distribution of larval and young fish[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,1961,26(3):292-311.
[25]FEATHERS M G,KNABLE A E.Effects of depressurization upon largemouth bass[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,1983,3(1):86-90.
[26]RUMMER J L,BENNETT W A.Physiological effects of swim bladder overexpansion and catastrophic decompression on red snapper[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2005,134(6):1457-1470.
[27]TSVETKOV V I,PAVLOV D S,NEZDOLIY V K.Changes of hydrostatic pressure lethal to young of some freshwater fish[J].Journal of Ichthyology,1972,12:307-318.
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