表层排放温水在陡岸型深水中温度层化的测量与模拟
|
摘要
为了研究水体温度分层现象与规律,针对表层排放温水在陡岸型深水中的温度分层现象进行了测量和模拟。首先建立一个表层排放温水在陡岸型深水环境中对流扩散的试验模型,利用温度同步测量系统测量了模型中水体温度场随时间的变化。然后,利用TELEMAC-3D软件建立了一个相应的三维流场与温度场数值模型。根据试验数据对模型进行率定,并开展与试验对应的模拟。结果表明,温度分层后水体从上至下可分为表层同温层、密度跃层和下部滞温层。数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合,所建立的数值模型可作为研究水体温度分层现象和规律的工具。通过分析模拟结果中水体温度分层与理查德森数(Ri)的关系,验证得到判断温度场分层与混合的理查德森数(Ri)临界值为0.25。
In order to study the phenomenon of water temperature stratification and its law,the relevant measurement and simulation are made on the phenomenon of temperature stratification of the surface-discharged warm water in steep shore deep water. At first,an experiment model for the convection diffusion of the surface-discharged warm water in steep shore deep water is built up,and then the time-dependent change of the water temperature field in the model is measured with temperature synchronous measuring system. Afterwards,a corresponding 3-D flow field and temperature field numerical model is established with the software of TELEMAC-3 D. Based the relevant experimental data,the model is calibrated and then the simulation corresponded to the experiment is carried out. The study result shows that after temperature stratification,water body can be divided into three layers from the top to the bottom,i. e. epilimnion,thermocline and hypolimnion. The result from the numerical simulation is coincided with that from the experiment,thus the numerical model established herein can be taken as a tool to study the phenomenon of water temperature stratification and its law. Through analyzing the relationship between the water temperature stratification from the result of the simulation and Richardson number( Ri),it is demonstrated that the critical value of Richardson number( Ri)for judging the stratification and mixing of temperature field is 0. 25.
In order to study the phenomenon of water temperature stratification and its law,the relevant measurement and simulation are made on the phenomenon of temperature stratification of the surface-discharged warm water in steep shore deep water. At first,an experiment model for the convection diffusion of the surface-discharged warm water in steep shore deep water is built up,and then the time-dependent change of the water temperature field in the model is measured with temperature synchronous measuring system. Afterwards,a corresponding 3-D flow field and temperature field numerical model is established with the software of TELEMAC-3 D. Based the relevant experimental data,the model is calibrated and then the simulation corresponded to the experiment is carried out. The study result shows that after temperature stratification,water body can be divided into three layers from the top to the bottom,i. e. epilimnion,thermocline and hypolimnion. The result from the numerical simulation is coincided with that from the experiment,thus the numerical model established herein can be taken as a tool to study the phenomenon of water temperature stratification and its law. Through analyzing the relationship between the water temperature stratification from the result of the simulation and Richardson number( Ri),it is demonstrated that the critical value of Richardson number( Ri)for judging the stratification and mixing of temperature field is 0. 25.
引文
[1]邓云.大型深水库的水温预测研究[D].成都:四川大学,2003.
[2]SEBNEM E.Effects of thermal stratification and mixing on reservoir water quality[J].Limnology,2008,9(2):135-142.
[3]ANTONOPOULOS V Z,GIANNIOU S K.Simulation of water temperature and dissolved oxygen distribution in Lake Vegoritis,Greece[J].Ecological modelling,2003,160(1):39-53.
[4]张信,乾爱国,王鹏远,等.戛洒江一级水电站下泄水温对鱼类的影响[J].环境影响评价,2016,38(3):22-23.
[5]陈惠泉,许玉麟,贺益英.火/核电厂冷却水试验研究50年的进展和体验[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2008,6(4):46-56.
[6]张书农,华关君.热电厂重叠式取排水口的研究[J].水资源保护,1987(2):5-14.
[7]YU H,TSUNO H,HIDAKA T,et al.Chemical and thermal stratification in lakes[J].Limnology,2010,11(3):251-257.
[8]董春颖,虞左明,吴志旭,等.千岛湖湖泊区水体季节性分层特征研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(7):2574-2581.
[9]白杨,张运林,周永强,等.千岛湖水温垂直分层的空间分布及其影响因素[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(5):906-914.
[10]刘明亮,吴志旭,何剑波,等.新安江水库(千岛湖)热力学状况及热力分层研究[J].湖泊科学,2014,26(3):447-454.
[11]MINNS C K,MOORE J E,DOKA S E,et al.Temporal trends and spatial patterns in the temperature and oxygen regimes in the Bay of Quinte,Lake Ontario,1972-2008[J].Aquatic ecosystem health&management,2011,14(1):9-20.
[12]JOHN R J,MATTHEW F K,DANIEL V O,et al.Temperature and oxygen in Missouri Reservoirs[J].Lake&Reservoir management,2011,27(2):173-182.
[13]居治成,邹昊,李根.坝前库水温度预测方法研究进展[J].科技创新与应用,2015(32):234-235.
[14]张大发.水库水温分析及估算[J].水文,1984(1):21-29.
[15]华祖林,褚克坚.温差剪切分层流运动特性试验与数值模拟[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[16]王鳌然.水电站进水口分层取水水温试验研究[D].天津:天津大学,2008.
[17]SERGEEV D,YU T,SOUSTOVA I,et al.Dynamics of turbulent jet with positive buoyancy in a stratified fluid[J].Journal of neuroimmunology,2007,118(2):300.
[18]武玉涛,任华堂,何洁,等.水库库首水温分层流物理模型试验分析[J].水利水运工程学报,2017(2):67-74.
[19]ANTONOPOULOS V Z,GIANNIOU S K.Simulation of water temperature and dissolved oxygen distribution in Lake Vegoritis,Greece[J].Ecological modelling,2003,160(1-2):39-53.
[20]李钟顺,陈永灿,刘昭伟,等.密云水库水温分布特征[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2012(6):798-803.
[21]邓云,李嘉,罗麟.河道型深水库的温度分层模拟[J].水动力学研究与进展,2004,19(5):604-609.
[22]FAN S F,FENG M Q,LIU Z.Simulation of water temperature distribution in Fenhe Reservoir[J].Water science and engineering,2009,2(2):32-42.
[23]高松峰,杨倩琪.水库水温三维模型的应用[J].污染防治技术,2015(2):15-17.
[24]王辉.大伙房水库流场及水温分布的数值模拟研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2015.
[25]WOODS J D.On Richardson’s number as a criterion for laminarturbulent-laminar transition in the ocean and atmosphere[J].Radio science,2016,4(12):1289-1298.
[26]MACK S A,SCHOEBERLEIN H C.Richardson number and ocean mixing:towed chain observations[J].Journal of physical oceanography,2010,34(4):736-754.
[27]YEATES P S,GóMEZGIRALDO A,IMBERGER J.Observed relationships between microstructure patches and the gradient Richardson number in a thermally stratified lake[J].Environmental fluid mechanics,2013,13(3):205-226.
[28]GALPERIN B,SUKORIANSKY S,ANDERSON P S.On the critical Richardson number in stably stratified turbulence[J].Atmospheric science letters,2007,8(3):65-69.
[29]JONATHAN D.TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC-3D operating manual[R].Karlsruhe:EDF R&D,2013.
[30]MONISMITH S G.Mixing in estuaries[J].Contemporary issues in estuarine physics,2010:145-185.
[31]LOTT F.The transient emission of propagating gravity waves by a stably stratified shear layer[J].Quarterly journal of the royal meteorological society,2010,123:1603-1619.
[2]SEBNEM E.Effects of thermal stratification and mixing on reservoir water quality[J].Limnology,2008,9(2):135-142.
[3]ANTONOPOULOS V Z,GIANNIOU S K.Simulation of water temperature and dissolved oxygen distribution in Lake Vegoritis,Greece[J].Ecological modelling,2003,160(1):39-53.
[4]张信,乾爱国,王鹏远,等.戛洒江一级水电站下泄水温对鱼类的影响[J].环境影响评价,2016,38(3):22-23.
[5]陈惠泉,许玉麟,贺益英.火/核电厂冷却水试验研究50年的进展和体验[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2008,6(4):46-56.
[6]张书农,华关君.热电厂重叠式取排水口的研究[J].水资源保护,1987(2):5-14.
[7]YU H,TSUNO H,HIDAKA T,et al.Chemical and thermal stratification in lakes[J].Limnology,2010,11(3):251-257.
[8]董春颖,虞左明,吴志旭,等.千岛湖湖泊区水体季节性分层特征研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(7):2574-2581.
[9]白杨,张运林,周永强,等.千岛湖水温垂直分层的空间分布及其影响因素[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(5):906-914.
[10]刘明亮,吴志旭,何剑波,等.新安江水库(千岛湖)热力学状况及热力分层研究[J].湖泊科学,2014,26(3):447-454.
[11]MINNS C K,MOORE J E,DOKA S E,et al.Temporal trends and spatial patterns in the temperature and oxygen regimes in the Bay of Quinte,Lake Ontario,1972-2008[J].Aquatic ecosystem health&management,2011,14(1):9-20.
[12]JOHN R J,MATTHEW F K,DANIEL V O,et al.Temperature and oxygen in Missouri Reservoirs[J].Lake&Reservoir management,2011,27(2):173-182.
[13]居治成,邹昊,李根.坝前库水温度预测方法研究进展[J].科技创新与应用,2015(32):234-235.
[14]张大发.水库水温分析及估算[J].水文,1984(1):21-29.
[15]华祖林,褚克坚.温差剪切分层流运动特性试验与数值模拟[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[16]王鳌然.水电站进水口分层取水水温试验研究[D].天津:天津大学,2008.
[17]SERGEEV D,YU T,SOUSTOVA I,et al.Dynamics of turbulent jet with positive buoyancy in a stratified fluid[J].Journal of neuroimmunology,2007,118(2):300.
[18]武玉涛,任华堂,何洁,等.水库库首水温分层流物理模型试验分析[J].水利水运工程学报,2017(2):67-74.
[19]ANTONOPOULOS V Z,GIANNIOU S K.Simulation of water temperature and dissolved oxygen distribution in Lake Vegoritis,Greece[J].Ecological modelling,2003,160(1-2):39-53.
[20]李钟顺,陈永灿,刘昭伟,等.密云水库水温分布特征[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2012(6):798-803.
[21]邓云,李嘉,罗麟.河道型深水库的温度分层模拟[J].水动力学研究与进展,2004,19(5):604-609.
[22]FAN S F,FENG M Q,LIU Z.Simulation of water temperature distribution in Fenhe Reservoir[J].Water science and engineering,2009,2(2):32-42.
[23]高松峰,杨倩琪.水库水温三维模型的应用[J].污染防治技术,2015(2):15-17.
[24]王辉.大伙房水库流场及水温分布的数值模拟研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2015.
[25]WOODS J D.On Richardson’s number as a criterion for laminarturbulent-laminar transition in the ocean and atmosphere[J].Radio science,2016,4(12):1289-1298.
[26]MACK S A,SCHOEBERLEIN H C.Richardson number and ocean mixing:towed chain observations[J].Journal of physical oceanography,2010,34(4):736-754.
[27]YEATES P S,GóMEZGIRALDO A,IMBERGER J.Observed relationships between microstructure patches and the gradient Richardson number in a thermally stratified lake[J].Environmental fluid mechanics,2013,13(3):205-226.
[28]GALPERIN B,SUKORIANSKY S,ANDERSON P S.On the critical Richardson number in stably stratified turbulence[J].Atmospheric science letters,2007,8(3):65-69.
[29]JONATHAN D.TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC-3D operating manual[R].Karlsruhe:EDF R&D,2013.
[30]MONISMITH S G.Mixing in estuaries[J].Contemporary issues in estuarine physics,2010:145-185.
[31]LOTT F.The transient emission of propagating gravity waves by a stably stratified shear layer[J].Quarterly journal of the royal meteorological society,2010,123:1603-1619.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |