论竞争中性原则与金融高质量发展
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摘要
竞争中性原则的核心是给予每一个市场竞争主体以平等公正的待遇,消除对市场竞争主体的歧视性和差异性政策,维护市场公平竞争。"竞争中性"原则的提出,对于我国经济金融体制改革和完善基本经济制度有着极为重要的指导意义。要在竞争中性原则下深入推进金融发展和深化金融体制改革,需同时贯彻金融供给主体和金融需求主体意义上的竞争中性原则:在金融供给主体层面对中外资金融机构和国有民营金融机构以及各类规模的金融机构一视同仁,同时高度关注国家金融安全,对小微金融机构实施公平透明的扶持政策;在金融需求主体层面要高度重视对民营经济尤其是民营中小微企业的信贷支持,消除所有制歧视和规模歧视,同时要继续在市场化原则下加强对国有企业提质增效转型升级的金融支持。
The key of the principle of competitive neutrality is to treat every market competitor equally and fairly, eliminate the discriminatory and differentiated policies towards them and maintain fair market competition. The principle of "competitive neutrality" is of great significance to the reform of China's economic and financial system and the improvement of the basic economic system. In order to further promote financial development and deepen the reform of financial system under this principle,we need to implement this principle in the sense of the financial supplier and financial buyer. At the level of the financial suppliers, we should treat the Chinese and foreign financial institutions, the state-owned and private financial institutions and financial institutions of all sizes equally, pay close attention to national financial security and provide fair and transparent support policies to the financial institutions serving the small businesses. At the level of the financial buyers, we should attach great importance to the credit support for the private economy, especially the privately-owned small and medium-sized enterprises; eliminate discrimination against them;and continue to increase financial support for the state-owned enterprises in order for them to raise the quality and efficiency of their development and transform and upgrade themselves under the principle of marketization.
The key of the principle of competitive neutrality is to treat every market competitor equally and fairly, eliminate the discriminatory and differentiated policies towards them and maintain fair market competition. The principle of "competitive neutrality" is of great significance to the reform of China's economic and financial system and the improvement of the basic economic system. In order to further promote financial development and deepen the reform of financial system under this principle,we need to implement this principle in the sense of the financial supplier and financial buyer. At the level of the financial suppliers, we should treat the Chinese and foreign financial institutions, the state-owned and private financial institutions and financial institutions of all sizes equally, pay close attention to national financial security and provide fair and transparent support policies to the financial institutions serving the small businesses. At the level of the financial buyers, we should attach great importance to the credit support for the private economy, especially the privately-owned small and medium-sized enterprises; eliminate discrimination against them;and continue to increase financial support for the state-owned enterprises in order for them to raise the quality and efficiency of their development and transform and upgrade themselves under the principle of marketization.
引文
[1]关于经济思想史上不同学派对金融体系与经济发展之间关系的观点,请参见王曙光:《金融自由化与经济发展》(第二版),北京大学出版社,2004年,第82~86页。
[2]习近平:《决胜全面建成小康社会夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利——在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告》,新华网,2017年10月18日,http://www.xinhuanet.com/2 017-10/2 7/c_1121867529.htm。
[3]习近平:《切实把思想统一到党的十八届三中全会精神上来》,《习近平谈治国理政》,北京:外文出版社,2014年,第95页。
[4]王曙光:《金融发展理论》,北京:中国发展出版社,2010年,第274~275页。
[5]中国建设银行、中国经济信息社主编:《中国普惠金融蓝皮书:中国实践与国际借鉴》,北京:新华出版社,2018年,第36、43页。
[6]按照《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》(国发2015[55号])要求,国务院于2015年10月19日发布了《国务院关于实行市场准入负面清单制度的意见》,就实行市场准入《负面清单制度》提出了意见。所谓市场准入负面清单制度,是指国务院以清单方式明确列出在中华人民共和国境内禁止和限制投资经营的行业、领域、业务等,各级政府依法采取相应管理措施的一系列制度安排。市场准入负面清单以外的行业、领域、业务等,各类市场主体皆可依法平等进入。
[2]习近平:《决胜全面建成小康社会夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利——在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告》,新华网,2017年10月18日,http://www.xinhuanet.com/2 017-10/2 7/c_1121867529.htm。
[3]习近平:《切实把思想统一到党的十八届三中全会精神上来》,《习近平谈治国理政》,北京:外文出版社,2014年,第95页。
[4]王曙光:《金融发展理论》,北京:中国发展出版社,2010年,第274~275页。
[5]中国建设银行、中国经济信息社主编:《中国普惠金融蓝皮书:中国实践与国际借鉴》,北京:新华出版社,2018年,第36、43页。
[6]按照《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》(国发2015[55号])要求,国务院于2015年10月19日发布了《国务院关于实行市场准入负面清单制度的意见》,就实行市场准入《负面清单制度》提出了意见。所谓市场准入负面清单制度,是指国务院以清单方式明确列出在中华人民共和国境内禁止和限制投资经营的行业、领域、业务等,各级政府依法采取相应管理措施的一系列制度安排。市场准入负面清单以外的行业、领域、业务等,各类市场主体皆可依法平等进入。