隧道成型控制爆破技术及围岩损伤范围研究
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摘要
为解决因初期支护格栅拱架限制周边眼钻凿精度而引起的隧道周边超欠挖问题,以青岛地铁1号线瓦屋庄站至贵州路站区间工程为例,介绍"长、短眼"控制爆破技术,提出"长、短眼"布置方案,并采用质点峰值振动法和激光隧道断面检测仪分别对"长、短眼"爆破技术产生的围岩损伤范围和隧道超欠挖量进行分析和监测。结果表明:1)采用"长、短眼"控制爆破技术,Ⅳ级围岩段隧道周边超欠挖控制在150 mm以内,且理论计算每米进尺回填混凝土节省成本7 182元,可提高工程经济效益;2)长短眼爆破产生的损伤范围为0.29~0.33 m,隧道拱顶沉降、净空收敛量均控制在10 mm以内,施工效果好。
In order to solve the problem of overbreak/underbreak of surrounding rock of Wawuzhuang Station-Guizhoulu Station Section on Qingdao Metro Line No. 1 induced by drilling accuracy of surrounding blasting holes enslaved to grid steel frame of primary support,the controlled blasting technology of long and short blasting holes is introduced; and then the layout scheme of long and short blasting holes is proposed. Meanwhile,the damage zone of surrounding rock and tunnel overbreak/underbreak amount induced by blasting are analyzed and monitored by particle peak vibration method and tunnel cross-section laser detector,respectively. The results show that:( 1) The tunnel overbreak/underbreak amount in Grade Ⅳ surrounding rock section can be controlled within 150 mm; and the shotcrete cost per meter can be decreased by RMB 7 182 by adopting long and short blasting holes.( 2) The damage zone of surrounding rock induced by controlled blasting technology of long and short holes ranges from 0. 29 m to 0. 33 m; and the tunnel crown top settlement and clearance convergence are both less than 10 mm. Good economic benefit and construction effect have been achieved.
In order to solve the problem of overbreak/underbreak of surrounding rock of Wawuzhuang Station-Guizhoulu Station Section on Qingdao Metro Line No. 1 induced by drilling accuracy of surrounding blasting holes enslaved to grid steel frame of primary support,the controlled blasting technology of long and short blasting holes is introduced; and then the layout scheme of long and short blasting holes is proposed. Meanwhile,the damage zone of surrounding rock and tunnel overbreak/underbreak amount induced by blasting are analyzed and monitored by particle peak vibration method and tunnel cross-section laser detector,respectively. The results show that:( 1) The tunnel overbreak/underbreak amount in Grade Ⅳ surrounding rock section can be controlled within 150 mm; and the shotcrete cost per meter can be decreased by RMB 7 182 by adopting long and short blasting holes.( 2) The damage zone of surrounding rock induced by controlled blasting technology of long and short holes ranges from 0. 29 m to 0. 33 m; and the tunnel crown top settlement and clearance convergence are both less than 10 mm. Good economic benefit and construction effect have been achieved.
引文
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[9]陈俊桦,张家生,李新平.大型地下厂房开挖爆破损伤影响范围及评价研究[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(23):54.CHEN Junhua,ZHANG Jiasheng,LI Xinping.Rock blasting induced damage zone and its evaluation during excavation of a large-scale underground powerhouse[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(23):54.
[10]唐红梅,周云涛,廖云平.地下工程施工爆破围岩损伤分区研究[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(23):202.TANG Hongmei,ZHOU Yuntao,LIAO Yunping.Damage zone of surrounding rock of underground engineering under construction blasting[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(23):202.
[11]郭衍敬,徐帮树,宋振骐.爆破振动对海底隧道覆盖岩石的损伤研究[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2008(3):56.GUO Yanjing,XU Bangshu,SONG Zhenqi.Study of induced-blasting damage of covering rocks in submarine tunnel construction[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2008(3):56.
[12]爆破安全规程:GB 6722—2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.Safety regulations for blasting:GB 6722—2014[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2014.
[13]卢文波,HUSTRULID W.质点峰值振动速度衰减公式的改进[J].工程爆破,2002,8(3):1.LU Wenbo,HUSTRULID W.An improvement to the equation for the attenuation of the peak particle velocity[J].Engineering Blasting,2002,8(3):1.
[14]殷顺浪.重庆典型地层不耦合装药岩石爆破损伤范围研究[D].重庆:重庆交通大学,2016.YIN Shunlang.Study of blasting damage scale by uncoupling charge in typical strata in Chongqing[D].Chongqing:Chongqing Jiaotong University,2016.
[2]冯海暴,蒋万德,曲俐俐,等.九瑞高速岩质隧道钻爆法施工超欠挖控制措施及成本分析[J].隧道建设,2012,32(6):887.FENG Haibao,JIANG Wande,QU Lili,et al.Over-break/short-break control technology for and cost analysis of rock tunnels constructed by drilling and blasting method:Case study of tunnels on Jiujiang-Ruichang Highway[J].Tunnel Construction,2012,32(6):887.
[3]李梓源,王海亮.“短孔卸压降振法”对周边孔爆破减振效果的研究[J].隧道建设,2017,37(3):315.LI Ziyuan,WANG Hailiang.Study of influence of short-hole pressure relieving and vibration reduction method on blasting vibration reduction effect of peripheral holes[J].Tunnel Construction,2017,37(3):315.
[4]温新亮,赵康林.大型地下洞库深孔垂直预裂与水平光面相结合爆破掘进技术[J].隧道建设,2015,35(3):262.WEN Xinliang,ZHAO Kanglin.Excavation by"vertical deep hole pre-splitting blasting and horizontal hole smooth blasting"applied in construction of a large underground cavern[J].Tunnel Construction,2015,35(3):262.
[5]付玉华,李夕兵,董陇军.损伤条件下深部岩体巷道光面爆破参数研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(5):1420.FU Yuhua,LI Xibing,DONG Longjun.Analysis of smooth blasting parameters for tunnels in deep damaged rock mass[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(5):1420.
[6]王海亮,何闯.钢拱架限制下的隧道超欠挖控制爆破技术[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2016(5):49.WANG Hailiang,HE Chuang.Control blasting technique of overbreak and underbreak under the limitation of steel arch in metro tunnel[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2016(5):49.
[7]地下铁道工程施工及验收规范:GB 50299—1999[S].2003版.北京:中国计划出版社,2004.Code for construction and acceptance of metro engineering:GB 50299—1999[S].2003 edition.Beijing:China Planning Press,2004.
[8]戴俊.柱状装药爆破的岩石压碎圈与裂隙圈计算[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2001,20(2):144.DAI Jun.Calculation of radii of the broken and cracked areas in rock by a long charge explosion[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Nature Science),2001,20(2):144.
[9]陈俊桦,张家生,李新平.大型地下厂房开挖爆破损伤影响范围及评价研究[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(23):54.CHEN Junhua,ZHANG Jiasheng,LI Xinping.Rock blasting induced damage zone and its evaluation during excavation of a large-scale underground powerhouse[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(23):54.
[10]唐红梅,周云涛,廖云平.地下工程施工爆破围岩损伤分区研究[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(23):202.TANG Hongmei,ZHOU Yuntao,LIAO Yunping.Damage zone of surrounding rock of underground engineering under construction blasting[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(23):202.
[11]郭衍敬,徐帮树,宋振骐.爆破振动对海底隧道覆盖岩石的损伤研究[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2008(3):56.GUO Yanjing,XU Bangshu,SONG Zhenqi.Study of induced-blasting damage of covering rocks in submarine tunnel construction[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2008(3):56.
[12]爆破安全规程:GB 6722—2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.Safety regulations for blasting:GB 6722—2014[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2014.
[13]卢文波,HUSTRULID W.质点峰值振动速度衰减公式的改进[J].工程爆破,2002,8(3):1.LU Wenbo,HUSTRULID W.An improvement to the equation for the attenuation of the peak particle velocity[J].Engineering Blasting,2002,8(3):1.
[14]殷顺浪.重庆典型地层不耦合装药岩石爆破损伤范围研究[D].重庆:重庆交通大学,2016.YIN Shunlang.Study of blasting damage scale by uncoupling charge in typical strata in Chongqing[D].Chongqing:Chongqing Jiaotong University,2016.