工程机械齿轮的表面改性层及其摩擦磨损性能
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摘要
为了满足工程机械齿轮高硬度、常温和高温耐磨性的要求,采用双层辉光等离子表面改性技术在齿轮钢基体上制备了W-Mo共渗层,对W-Mo共渗层的成分与显微形貌进行了分析,并与齿轮钢基体和固体渗碳层的硬度和耐磨性能进行了对比分析。结果表明:W-Mo共渗层与基体之间形成了厚度约为3 mm的扩散层,改性层与基体实现了良好的冶金结合,改性层中未见裂纹、气孔或者夹杂等缺陷存在;齿轮钢基体、固体渗碳试样和W-Mo共渗试样中,W-Mo共渗试样的纳米硬度和弹性模量都为最大值,其次为固体渗碳试样;温度为25、350和500℃时,W-Mo共渗试样的平均摩擦因数最小,磨损体积从高至低顺序都为齿轮钢基体>固体渗碳试样>W-Mo共渗试样,不同温度下W-Mo共渗试样都具有更高的耐磨性能,这主要与W-Mo共渗改性层自身的高硬度以及高温磨损条件下表面会形成一层W、Mo氧化物保护膜而起到减磨作用有关。
In order to meet high hardness,normal temperature and high temperature wear resistance requirement of engineering machinery gear,the W-Mo modified layer was prepared on the gear steel substrate by double glow plasma surface modification technology,the composition and microstructure of the W-Mo modified layer were analyzed,and the hardness and wear resistance of the modified layer were compared with those of gear steel matrix and solid carburized layer. The results showed that a diffusion layer with a thickness of 3 mm is formed between the W-Mo modified layer and the substrate,which has good metallurgical bonding with the substrate,and no cracks,pores or inclusions exist in the layer. In the gear steel matrix,solid carburized sample and W-Mo modified sample,the hardness and elastic modulus of W-Mo modified specimen have maximum values,followed by solid carburized sample; when the temperature is 25 ℃,350 ℃ and 500 ℃,the average friction coefficient of W-Mo modified specimen is minimum,the wear volume from high to low order are gear steel matrix >carburized specimens > W-Mo modified samples,W-Mo modified samples have much higher wear resistance under different temperatures,this is mainly related to the high hardness of the W-Mo modified layer and the formation of W and Mo oxide protective film on the surface under high temperature which can play a role of wear reduction.
In order to meet high hardness,normal temperature and high temperature wear resistance requirement of engineering machinery gear,the W-Mo modified layer was prepared on the gear steel substrate by double glow plasma surface modification technology,the composition and microstructure of the W-Mo modified layer were analyzed,and the hardness and wear resistance of the modified layer were compared with those of gear steel matrix and solid carburized layer. The results showed that a diffusion layer with a thickness of 3 mm is formed between the W-Mo modified layer and the substrate,which has good metallurgical bonding with the substrate,and no cracks,pores or inclusions exist in the layer. In the gear steel matrix,solid carburized sample and W-Mo modified sample,the hardness and elastic modulus of W-Mo modified specimen have maximum values,followed by solid carburized sample; when the temperature is 25 ℃,350 ℃ and 500 ℃,the average friction coefficient of W-Mo modified specimen is minimum,the wear volume from high to low order are gear steel matrix >carburized specimens > W-Mo modified samples,W-Mo modified samples have much higher wear resistance under different temperatures,this is mainly related to the high hardness of the W-Mo modified layer and the formation of W and Mo oxide protective film on the surface under high temperature which can play a role of wear reduction.
引文
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[2]钱文富,曹兴进,卢龙,等.表面处理和改性层技术在齿轮上的应用初探[J].重庆大学学报,2005(2):1-4.Qian Wenfu,Cao Xingjin,Lu Long,et al.The application of surface treatment and plating technology to gear[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2005(2):1-4.
[3]陈腾飞,林岳宾,沈一州,等.双层辉光离子渗金属技术制备Al-YSi氧化物改性层[J].材料科学与工程学报,2015,33(4):530-536.Chen Tengfei,Lin Yuebin,Shen Yizhou,et al.Preparation of Al-Y-Si oxide plating by double-layer glow ion impermeable metal technology[J].Journal of Materials Science and Engineering,2015,33(4):530-536.
[4]侯党社,李克智,李贺军,等.C/C复合材料Si C/W-Mo-Si抗氧化复合改性层研究[J].材料保护,2008(2):43-46.Hou Dangshe,Li Kezhi,Li Hejun,et al.Study on the antioxidant composite plating of C/C composite Si C/W-Mo-Si[J].Journal of Materials Protection,2008(2):43-46.
[5]李倩,丛培武,王赫,等.18Cr Ni Mo7-6钢齿轮真空渗碳[J].金属热处理,2017,42(3):69-71.Li Qian,Cong Peiwu,Wang He,et al.Vacuum carburizing of 18Cr Ni Mo7-6 steel gear[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2017,42(3):69-71.
[6]Tian J J,Yao S W,Luo X T,et al.An effective approach for creating metallurgical self-bonding in plasma-spraying of Ni Cr-Mo plating by designing shell-core-structured powders[J].Acta Materialia,2016,110:19-30.
[7]Li Y F,Yin H,Li X L,et al.Friction and wear properties of spark plasma sintering Ni Cr-Sr SO4,composites at elevated temperatures insliding against alumina ball[J].Tribology Letters,2016,64(2):29.
[8]Vera E E,Vite M,Lewis R,et al.A study of the wear performance of Ti N,Cr N and WC/C platings on different steel substrates[J].Wear,2011,271(9):2116-2124.
[9]Huang C,Du L,Zhang W.Friction and wear characteristics of plasmasprayed self-lubrication plating with clad powder at elevated temperatures up to 800℃[J].Journal of Thermal Spray Technology,2014,23(3):463-469.
[10]刘磊,田修波,张春光,等.加载参数对Ti N改性层摩擦磨损行为的影响[J].材料科学与工艺,2009,17(1):58-61.Liu Lei,Tian Xiubo,Zhang Chunguang,et al.Influence of loading parameters on friction and wear behavior of Ti N plating[J].Materials Science and Technology,2009,17(1):58-61.
[11]Wang J Y,Shan Y,Guo H,et al.Friction and wear characteristics of hot-pressed Ni Cr-Mo/Mo O3/Ag self-lubrication composites at elevated temperatures up to 900℃[J].Tribology Letters,2015,59(3):48.