固体电介质真空沿面闪络研究进展
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摘要
针对真空中复合绝缘体系的耐电强度受到沿面闪络现象限制问题,综述了国内外真空沿面闪络相关的研究进展。研究发现,真空中固体绝缘介质的沿面闪络性能受老练方式、介质的表面特性及体特性、介质表面沉积电荷、绝缘体系的电场分布等因素影响。机理分析认为真空中的沿面闪络现象实质上是高场下电荷在气-固界面的输运行为,其过程涉及到介质表层中的电荷捕获/脱陷特性、二次电子的发射特性、以及气相中的气体(或解吸附气体)分子的碰撞电离/电子倍增等过程,沿面闪络的发展和形成是以上几个因素相互耦合作用结果。基于以上分析及认识,认为可以从改变材料表面特性及体特性和改善整个绝缘体系的电场分布方面,来提升真空沿面闪络电压。
The issue of surface flashover limiting the electrical strength of composite insulating system in vacuum has received many attentions.This paper reviews the research progress of surface flashover in the recent years.Research results indicate that surface flashover performance of solid dielectrics in vacuum is influenced by many factors,such as the way of conditioning,surface and bulk properties of materials,the deposited charges in surface layer,electric field distribution of insulating system,etc.Mechanism implies that the essence of surface flashover is the charge transport behavior across gas-solid interface under high electric field,which involves charge trapping and de-trapping properties in dielectric surface layer,secondary electron emission properties,impact ionization of gas molecules and electron multiplication properties in gaseous phase(or desorbed gas).The development process and formation of surface flashover is a coupling effect of the above factors.Based on the above analysis,it is concluded that the improvement of surface flashover voltages can be achieved by changing the surface and bulk properties of materials as well as improving the electric field distribution of the whole insulation system.
The issue of surface flashover limiting the electrical strength of composite insulating system in vacuum has received many attentions.This paper reviews the research progress of surface flashover in the recent years.Research results indicate that surface flashover performance of solid dielectrics in vacuum is influenced by many factors,such as the way of conditioning,surface and bulk properties of materials,the deposited charges in surface layer,electric field distribution of insulating system,etc.Mechanism implies that the essence of surface flashover is the charge transport behavior across gas-solid interface under high electric field,which involves charge trapping and de-trapping properties in dielectric surface layer,secondary electron emission properties,impact ionization of gas molecules and electron multiplication properties in gaseous phase(or desorbed gas).The development process and formation of surface flashover is a coupling effect of the above factors.Based on the above analysis,it is concluded that the improvement of surface flashover voltages can be achieved by changing the surface and bulk properties of materials as well as improving the electric field distribution of the whole insulation system.
引文
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[6]马仪,黄然,申元,等.输电线路雷击点与闪络点不一致的辨识与定位[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(2):123-129.Ma Yi,Huang Ran,Shen Yuan,et al.Inconsistent identification and location of transmission line lightning point and flashover point[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(2):123-129.
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[12]Miller H C.Flashover of insulators in vacuum:the last twenty years[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(6):3641-3657.
[13]Kuffel E,Grzybowski S,Ugarte R B.Flashover across polyethylene and tetrafluoroethylene surfaces in vacuum under direct,alternating and surge voltages of various waveshapes[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2002,5(3):575-579.
[14]Asokan T,Sudarshan T S.Optimization of test procedures to improve insulator performance under high stress[J].IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insuation,1993,28(4):545-554.
[15]Li Shengtao,Wang Weiwang,Yu Shihu,et al.Degradation of cross linked polystyrene by repetitive impulse surface flashovers in vacuum[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2013,20(20):1934-1941.
[16]Chen Yu,Cheng Yonghong,Wang Zengbin,et al.Influence of pulse steepness on vacuum flashover of casting epoxy resin[J].Plasma Science&Technology,2009,11(1):89-93.
[17]Miller H C.Flashover of insulators in vacuum:review of the phenomena and techniques to improved holdoff voltage[J].IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation,1993,28(4):512-527.
[18]Shannon J P,Philp S F,Trump J G.Insulation of high voltage across solid insulators in vacuum[J].Journal of Vacuum Science&Technology,1965,2(5):234-239.
[19]Grzybowski S,Thompson J E,Kuffel E.Electric surface strength and surface deterioration of thermoplastic insulators in vacuum[J].IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation,1983,18(3):301-309.
[20]郎艳,王艺博,苏国强,等.表面粗糙度对有机玻璃材料真空沿面闪络特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2015,41(2):474-478.Lang Yan,Wang Yibo,Su Guoqiang,et al.Influence of surface roughness on vacuum flashover characteristics of PMMA[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(2):474-478.
[21]Naruse H,Yamamoto O.Estimation of flashover voltage along cylindrical insulators in vacuum[C]//International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum,Mumbai,India.2014,23(1):65-68.
[22]于开坤,张冠军,穆海宝,等.表面处理对可加工陶瓷真空沿面闪络特性的影响[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(5):115-120.Yu kaikun,Zhang Guanjun,Mu Haibao,et al.Effect of surface treatment on the surface flashover characteristics of machinable ceramic in vacuum[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(5):115-120.
[23]孟晓波,梅红伟,陈昌龙,等.涂抹RTV的绝缘介质表面流注传播特性的研究[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(10):318-325.Meng Xiaobo,Mei Hongwei,Chen Changlong,et al.Research on streamer propagation along RTV coated insulation surfaces[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(10):318-325.
[24]李亚伟,张星海,陈洪波,等.RTV涂层表面绿球藻的生长对绝缘支柱电气性能的影响[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(12):330-335.Li Yawei,Zhang Xinghai,Chen Hongbo,et al.Influences of chlorococcum growth on the electrical performance of post insulators with RTV coating[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(12):330-335.
[25]Shao T,Yang W,Zhang C,et al.Enhanced surface flashover strength in vacuum of polymethylmethacrylate by surface modification using atmosphericpressure dielectric barrier discharge[J].Applied Physics Letters,2014,105(7):71607(5).
[26]Xun T,Yang H,Zhang J.A high vacuum,high electric field pulsed power interface based on a ceramic insulator[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2014,43(12):4130-4135.
[27]Cross J D,Sudarshan T S.The effect of cuprous oxide coatings on surface flashover of dielectric spacers in vacuum[J].IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation,1974,EI-9(4):146-150.
[28]Miller H C,Furno E J.The effect of Mn/Ti surface treatment on voltage hold-off performance of alumina insulators in vaccum[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1978,49(11):5416-5420.
[29]Nie Yongjie,Zhao Ni,Li Shengtao,et al.Effect of fluorination on surface flashover characteristics of LDPE in vacuum[C]//International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis,Jein Island,Korea,2014:306-309.
[30]Mohamad A,Chen G,Zhang Y,et al.Surface fluorinated epoxy resin for high voltage DC application[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2015,22(1):101-108.
[31]Yu Kaikun,Zhang Guanjun,Liu Guoqing,et al.Effect of surface shallow traps on flashover characteristics across machinable ceramic in vacuum[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2008,15(5):1464-1470.
[32]柯昌凤,付红梅,刘文元,等.云母/交联聚苯乙烯复合材料制备及沿面闪络性能[J].强激光与离子束,2016,28(3):24-28.Ke Changfeng,Fu Hongmei,Liu Wenyuan,et al.Preparation and flashover properties of mica/CLPS composite[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2016,28(3):24-28.
[33]Li Shengtao,Huang Qifeng,Sun Jian,et al.Effect of traps on surface flashover of XLPE in vacuum[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2010,17(3):964-970.
[34]Li Shengtao,Nie Yongjie,Wang Weiwang,et al.Surface flashover performance of phenolphthalein modified LDPE in vacuum[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2016,23(5):3215-3223.
[35]Lewis T J.Nanometric dielectrics[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,1994,1(5):812-825.
[36]Nelson J K,Fothergill J C,Dissado L A,et al.Towards an understanding of nanometric dielectrics[C]//IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation Dielectrical Phenomena(CEIDP),Montreal Canada,2002,1:295-298.
[37]Tanaka T,Imai T.Advances in nanodielectric materials over the past 50 years[J].IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine,2013,29(1):10-23.
[38]Wang Weiwang,Li Shengtao,Tang Fan,et al.Characteristics on surface flashover of polyethylene nanocomposites film in vacuum[C]//IEEE International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis,Bali,Indonesia,2012:1055-1058.
[39]Chen Yu,Cheng Yonghong,Jiabin Z,et al.Pulsed vacuum flashover of Al2O3/epoxy nanocomposite[C]//International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials(ISEIM),2008:36-39.
[40]Cheng Yonghong,Wang Zengbin,Wu Kai.Pulsed vacuum surface flashover characteristics of Ti O2/epoxy nano-micro composites[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2012,40(1):68-77.
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