南方山丘区水源地土地利用结构对河库水质的影响——以珊溪水库流域为例
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摘要
[目的]探明珊溪水库流域土地利用结构与河库水质的相关性,为南方山丘区土地开发利用和水源地保护提供依据。[方法]在库区以及河流入库点设置23个监测断面,于2017年7月及2018年1月进行实地取样监测,利用2016年TM影像数据对研究区用地类型进行划分,并通过ArcGIS水文、空间分析功能将整个流域分为8个子流域,分析每个子流域土地利用结构。选取高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、溶解氧(DO)4个水质指标分析其时空变化特征,探讨子流域不同坡度下土地利用结构对河库水质的影响。[结果]珊溪水库流域土地以林草地、耕地为主,两者面积比例总和达到80%以上。枯水期河库水质整体优于丰水期。各水质指标与林草地比例呈现负相关,而与耕地、建设用地呈正相关,丰水期土地利用结构与水质相关性相比枯水期更为明显。河库水质与不同坡度土地利用类型的相关性有差异,低坡度带(<15°)COD_(Mn)与耕地比例呈显著正相关;中坡度带(15°～25°)TN,TP与林草地比例呈显著负相关,TN与耕地比例呈显著正相关。[结论]库区水体质量良好。在流域尺度上林草地和耕地是影响水体污染物浓度的主要土地利用类型。丰水期耕地是氮磷元素的主要输出源,林草地在一定程度上削减了氮磷元素的入河量,具有一定的正效应。
[Objective] The purpose of this research is to explore the correlation between land use structure and water quality in Shanxi reservoir watershed, and to provide basis for land use development and water source protection in sourthern hilly areas. [Methods] The 23 monitoring sections were set up in the reservoir area and the inflow point of the river. Sampling and monitoring were carried out in July 2017 and January 2018. The land use types of the research area were classified by using the 2016 TM image data. The whole basin was divided into 8 sub-basins by the hydrology and spatial analysis functions of ArcGIS so as to analyze the land use structure of each sub-basin. Four water quality monitoring indexes such as permanganate index(COD_(Mn)), total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP) and dissolved oxygen(DO) were selected to analyze their spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and to explore the impact of land use structure on water quality in different slopes of the sub-basin. [Results] The land of Shanxi reservoir is mainly forest, grassland and arable land that accounts for the 80% of total basin area. The water quality of river banks in dry season is better than that in wet season. Each water quality index was negatively correlated with the proportion of forest and grassland, but positively correlated with cultivated land and construction land. The correlation between land use structure and water quality was more obvious in wet season than in dry season. The correlation between water quality and land use types on different slopes was different, COD_(Mn) in low slope zone(<15°) was positively correlated with the proportion of cultivated land, TN and TP in middle slope zone(<15°～25°) were negatively correlated with the proportion of forest and grassland, and TN was positively correlated with the proportion of cultivated land. [Conclusion] Most of the water quality in the reservoir area were good. The forest, grassland and cultivated land are the main land use types affecting the concentration of pollutants in water at watershed scale. Cultivated land is the main source of nitrogen and phosphorus output in wet season. Forest and grassland reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus into the rivers to a certain extent, which has a positive effect.
[Objective] The purpose of this research is to explore the correlation between land use structure and water quality in Shanxi reservoir watershed, and to provide basis for land use development and water source protection in sourthern hilly areas. [Methods] The 23 monitoring sections were set up in the reservoir area and the inflow point of the river. Sampling and monitoring were carried out in July 2017 and January 2018. The land use types of the research area were classified by using the 2016 TM image data. The whole basin was divided into 8 sub-basins by the hydrology and spatial analysis functions of ArcGIS so as to analyze the land use structure of each sub-basin. Four water quality monitoring indexes such as permanganate index(COD_(Mn)), total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP) and dissolved oxygen(DO) were selected to analyze their spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and to explore the impact of land use structure on water quality in different slopes of the sub-basin. [Results] The land of Shanxi reservoir is mainly forest, grassland and arable land that accounts for the 80% of total basin area. The water quality of river banks in dry season is better than that in wet season. Each water quality index was negatively correlated with the proportion of forest and grassland, but positively correlated with cultivated land and construction land. The correlation between land use structure and water quality was more obvious in wet season than in dry season. The correlation between water quality and land use types on different slopes was different, COD_(Mn) in low slope zone(<15°) was positively correlated with the proportion of cultivated land, TN and TP in middle slope zone(<15°～25°) were negatively correlated with the proportion of forest and grassland, and TN was positively correlated with the proportion of cultivated land. [Conclusion] Most of the water quality in the reservoir area were good. The forest, grassland and cultivated land are the main land use types affecting the concentration of pollutants in water at watershed scale. Cultivated land is the main source of nitrogen and phosphorus output in wet season. Forest and grassland reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus into the rivers to a certain extent, which has a positive effect.
引文
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[20] 刘旭拢,邓孺孺,秦雁,等.东江流域地表水功能区水质对土地利用的响应[J].热带地理,2016,36(2):296-302.
[21] 任坤,梅琨,朱慧敏,等.基于RUSLE模型的珊溪水库流域土壤侵蚀定量估算[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(7):1950-1958.
[22] 范志平,刘建治,赵悦,等.蒲河水质空间异质性特征及其对流域土地利用方式的响应[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(4):1144-1151.
[23] 王鹏,齐述华,陈波.赣江流域土地利用方式对河流水质的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(13):4326-4337.
[24] 黄金良,李青生,洪华生,等.九龙江流域土地利用/景观格局:水质的初步关联分析[J].环境科学,2011,32(1):64-72.
[25] 陆君,刘亚风,黄洪辉,等.黄山市太平湖流域土地利用结构与河流水质相关性分析[J].复旦学报:自然科学版,2014,53(6):731-736,746.
[26] 张殷俊,陈爽,相景昌.河流近域土地利用格局与水质相关性分析:以巢湖流域为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(09):1054-1061.
[2] Dennis L C,Peter J V,Keith L.Modeling non-point source pollutants in the Vadose zone with GIS[J].Environmental Science and Technology,1997,31(2):2157-2175.
[3] Bonacci O,Bonacci T.The influence of hydroelectrical development on the flow regime of the Karstic River Cetina[J].Hydrological Process,2003,17(1):147-161.
[4] 于松延,徐宗学,武玮,等.北洛河流域水质空间异质性及其对土地利用结构的响应[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(5):1309-1315.
[5] 梁流涛,冯淑怡,曲福田.农业面源污染形成机制:理论与实证[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2010,20(4):74-80.
[6] 郝守宁,宗永臣,董飞.基于GIS的尼洋河流域农业面源污染负荷分布特征[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(7):106-111.
[7] Villamizar M L,Brown C D.Modelling triazines in the valley of the River Cauca,Colombia,using the annualized agricultural non-point source pollution model[J].Agricultural Water Management,2016,177(6):24-36.
[8] Bu Hongmei,Mengwang,Zhangyuan,et al.Relationships between land use patterns and water quality in the Taizi River basin,China[J].Ecological Indicators,2014,41(6):187-197.
[9] Uriarte M,Yackulic C B,Lim Y,et al.Influence of landuse on water quality in a tropical l and scape:A multi-scale analysis[J].Landscape Ecology,2011,26(8):1151-1164.
[10] 张广纳,邵景安,王金亮.基于农业面源污染的三峡库区重庆段水质时空格局演变特征[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(11):1872-1884.
[11] 孙金华,曹晓峰,黄艺,等.滇池流域土地利用对入湖河流水质的影响[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(12):2052-2057.
[12] 张福平,赵沙,周正朝,等.沣河流域土地利用格局与水质变化的关系[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(4):308-312.
[13] 曹芳芳,李雪,王东,等.新安江流域土地利用结构对水质的影响[J].环境科学,2013,34(7):2582-2587.
[14] 李艳利,徐宗学,李艳粉,等.辽河流域水质状况及其对土地利用/覆被变化的响应[J].水土保持通报,2013,33(2):72-77.
[15] Farida D,Javier B,Ahmed S.SWAT application in intensive irrigation systems:model modification,calibration and validation[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012,470/471(12):227-238.
[16] 谭霞,王康,黄介生.农业面源污染入河量特征污染物反演法研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2014,33(S1):224-227.
[17] Xu Wen,Luo Jianzhong.Analysis on the status of agricultural non-point source pollution in Xinan River Basin [J].Meteorological and Environmental Research,2010,1(12):79-81.
[18] 姜德娟,毕晓丽.流域—河口—近海系统氮、磷营养盐输移研究综述[J].水科学进展,2010,21(3):421-429.
[19] 欧洋,王晓燕,耿润哲.密云水库上游流域不同尺度景观特征对水质的影响[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(5):1219-1226.
[20] 刘旭拢,邓孺孺,秦雁,等.东江流域地表水功能区水质对土地利用的响应[J].热带地理,2016,36(2):296-302.
[21] 任坤,梅琨,朱慧敏,等.基于RUSLE模型的珊溪水库流域土壤侵蚀定量估算[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(7):1950-1958.
[22] 范志平,刘建治,赵悦,等.蒲河水质空间异质性特征及其对流域土地利用方式的响应[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(4):1144-1151.
[23] 王鹏,齐述华,陈波.赣江流域土地利用方式对河流水质的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(13):4326-4337.
[24] 黄金良,李青生,洪华生,等.九龙江流域土地利用/景观格局:水质的初步关联分析[J].环境科学,2011,32(1):64-72.
[25] 陆君,刘亚风,黄洪辉,等.黄山市太平湖流域土地利用结构与河流水质相关性分析[J].复旦学报:自然科学版,2014,53(6):731-736,746.
[26] 张殷俊,陈爽,相景昌.河流近域土地利用格局与水质相关性分析:以巢湖流域为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(09):1054-1061.
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