基于InVEST模型的岷江上游生态系统水源涵养量与价值评估
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摘要
岷江上游是中国长江上游生态屏障的重要组成部分,更是成都平原的重要水源生命线,该文使用InVEST模型与影子工程法,对其生态系统水源涵养量与价值进行量化评估与空间制图,可为当地水源地保护与生态补偿机制的建立提供依据。结果表明:岷江上游小流域水源涵养量多年平均值为219.36 mm,总量为49.19亿m~3,价值为40.83亿元,并且存在明显的空间差异,高值区主要分布在汶川中南部,低值区多集中在松潘县与茂县境内。受评估方法的限制,不同学者对该流域的相关研究结果差异较大,可比性较差,但是岷江上游生态系统具有巨大的水源涵养价值。空间化评估结果可直观的反映水源涵养量与价值的空间差异,在流域生态补偿机制构建、补偿效益分析等方面具有重要应用价值。
The upper reaches of Minjiang River is not only an important part of the ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, but also a vital water source lifeline for the Chengdu plain. InVEST model and shadow engineering method were used to assess the ecosystem water retention and its value in the upper reaches of Minjiang River, and this work had important significance for water conservation planning and establishment of payment for ecosystem service mechanism. The results showed that the average annual water retention amount of sub watersheds in the upper reaches of Minjiang River was 219.36 mm, the total water retention amount was 49.19 billion m~3 and the water retention value was 4.083 billion Yuan. Water retention amount and its value in our study area displayed some obvious spatial variation with high value areas mainly distributed in south central Wenchuan County and low value areas relatively concentrated in the regions of Songpan and Maoxian County. Due to the limitation of the evaluation method, the relevant findings of this watershed were obviously different and had poor comparability. However, it is sure that the upper reaches of the Minjiang River has huge water retention value. The quantitative assessment results and mapping can directly reflected the spatial variation in water retention and its value. It had strong applied value in the establishment of payment for ecosystem service mechanism and compensation efficiency analysis etc.
The upper reaches of Minjiang River is not only an important part of the ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, but also a vital water source lifeline for the Chengdu plain. InVEST model and shadow engineering method were used to assess the ecosystem water retention and its value in the upper reaches of Minjiang River, and this work had important significance for water conservation planning and establishment of payment for ecosystem service mechanism. The results showed that the average annual water retention amount of sub watersheds in the upper reaches of Minjiang River was 219.36 mm, the total water retention amount was 49.19 billion m~3 and the water retention value was 4.083 billion Yuan. Water retention amount and its value in our study area displayed some obvious spatial variation with high value areas mainly distributed in south central Wenchuan County and low value areas relatively concentrated in the regions of Songpan and Maoxian County. Due to the limitation of the evaluation method, the relevant findings of this watershed were obviously different and had poor comparability. However, it is sure that the upper reaches of the Minjiang River has huge water retention value. The quantitative assessment results and mapping can directly reflected the spatial variation in water retention and its value. It had strong applied value in the establishment of payment for ecosystem service mechanism and compensation efficiency analysis etc.
引文
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[14] 李晓光,苗鸿,郑华,等.生态补偿标准确定的主要方法及其应用[J].生态学报,2009,29(8): 4431-4440.LI X G,MIAO H,ZHENG H,et al.Main methods for setting ecological compensation standard and their application[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(8):4431-4440.
[15] TALLIS H T,RICKETTS T,GUERRY A D.InVEST 2.4.1 User’s Guide[Z].The Natural Capital Project,Stanford,2011.
[16] DROOGERS P,ALLEN R G.Estimating reference evapotranspiration under inaccurate data conditions[J].Irrigation and Drainage Systems,2002,16(1): 33-45.
[17] ZHANG L,DAWES W,WALKER G.Response of mean annual evapotranspiration to vegetation changes at catchment scale[J].Water Resources Research,2001,37(3): 701-708.
[18] 陈骏宇,刘钢,白杨.基于InVEST模型的太湖流域水源涵养服务价值评估[J].水利经济,2016,(2): 25-29,84.CHEN J Y,LIU G,BAI Y.Evaluation of service value of water conservation in Taihu Lake basin based on InVEST model[J].Journal of Economics of Water Resources, 2016 (2): 25-29,84.
[19] 王小琳.基于InVEST模型的贵州省水源涵养功能研究[D].贵阳: 贵州师范大学,2016.WANG X L.Modelling water conservation function based on the InVEST model: Case studies in Guizhou[D].Guiyang : Guizhou Normal University,2016.
[20] 杨霞,贾尔恒·阿哈提,邱秀云,等.乌伦古河流域SWAT模型基础数据库构建[J].水资源与水工程学报,2013,24(6): 74-78.YANG X,JIAERHENG A,QIU X Y,et al.Construction of basic database for SWAT model in Wulungu River basin[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2013,24(6): 74-78.
[21] WANG Y K, LU Y F, LI Q W. Comparison and effects of different climate-vegetation models in areas of complex terrain under climate change[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2016, 26(2): 188-196.
[22] CANADELL J, JACKSON R B, EHLERINGER J B, et al. Maximum rooting depth of vegetation types at the global scale[J]. Oecologia 1996, 108(4): 583-595.
[23] ALLEN R G, LUIS S P, DIRK R, et al. Crop evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing crop water requirements[EB/OL]. FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56. http: //www.FAO.org/docrep/x0490E/x0490e00.htm.
[24] 黎永红, 薛晨. 紫坪铺水库入库径流年际变化特征分析[J]. 四川水力发电, 2017, 36(S2): 113-115, 132.
[25] 张文广, 胡远满, 张晶, 等. 岷江上游地区近30年森林生态系统水源涵养量与价值变化 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2007, 26(7): 1063-1067.ZHANG W G, HU Y M, ZHANG J, et al. Forest water conservation and its benefits in upper reaches of Minjiang River in recent 30 years[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2007, 26(7): 1063-1067.
[26] 郭兵, 姜琳, 孙彩红, 等. 基于多源数据的岷江上游生态系统服务价值动态评估[J]. 水土保持研究, 2017, 24(6): 131-138.GUO B, JIANG L, SUN C H, et al. Dynamic evaluation service value of the upper reaches of Minjiang River based on multi-source data[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017, 24(6): 131-138.
[27] 中国生态补偿机制与政策研究课题组. 中国生态补偿机制与政策研究 [M]. 北京 : 科学出版社, 2007.Task force on ecocompensation mechanisms and policies.Eco-compensation mechanisms and policies in China[M]. Beijing : Science Press, 2007.
[28] 吴娜, 宋晓谕, 康文慧, 等. 不同视角下基于InVEST模型的流域生态补偿标准核算——以渭河甘肃段为例[J]. 生态学报, 2018, 38(7): 1-10.WU N, SONG X Y, KANG W H, et al. Standard of payment for ecosystem services in a watershed based on InVEST model under different standpoints: A case study of the Weihe River in Gansu Province[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(7): 1-10.
[29] GOLDMANBENNER R L, BENITEZ S, BOUCHER T, et al. Water funds and payments for ecosystem services: Practice learns from theory and theory can learn from practice[J]. Oryx, 2012, 46(1): 55.
[30] 周晨, 丁晓辉, 李国平, 等. 南水北调中线工程水源区生态补偿标准研究——以生态系统服务价值为视角[J]. 资源科学, 2015, 37(4): 792-804.ZHOU C, DING X H, LI G P, et al. Ecological compensation standards in the water source area of the middle route project of the South-North water transfer project[J]. Resources Science, 2015, 37(4): 792-804.
[31] 刘春腊, 刘卫东, 陆大道. 生态补偿的地理学特征及内涵研究[J]. 地理研究, 2014, 33(5): 803-816.LIU C L, LIU W D, LU D D. A study of the geographical features and implications of eco-compensation[J]. Geographical Research, 2014, 33(5): 803-816.
[32] 宋晓谕, 刘玉卿, 邓晓红, 等. 基于分布式水文模型和福利成本法的生态补偿空间选择研究[J].生态学报, 2012, 32(24): 7722-7729.SONG X Y, LIU Y Q, DENG X H, et al. Spatial targeting of payments for ecosystem services based on SWAT Model and cost-benefit analysis[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(24): 7722-7729.
[33] 戴其文. 甘南州生态补偿区域空间选择方案的比较[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2013,22(4): 493-501.DAI Q W. A comparative study on selection schemes of eco-compensation regions in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2013,22(4): 493-501.
[34] 王蓓, 赵军, 胡秀芳. 基于InVEST模型的黑河流域生态系统服务空间格局分析[J]. 生态学杂志, 2016,35(10): 2783-2792.WANG B, ZHAO J, HU X F. Spatial pattern analysis of ecosystem services based on InVEST in Heihe River Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2016,35(10): 2783-2792.
[35] 张雪峰, 牛建明, 张庆, 等. 内蒙古锡林河流域草地生态系统水源涵养功能空间格局[J]. 干旱区研究, 2016,33(4): 814-821.ZHANG X F, NIU J M, ZHANG Q, et al. Spatial Pattern of Water Conservation Function in Grassland Ecosystem in the Xilin River Basin, Inner Mongolia[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2016,33(4): 814-821.
[2] 傅斌,徐佩,王玉宽,等.都江堰市水源涵养功能空间格局[J].生态学报,2013,33(3):789-797.FU B,XU P,WANG Y K,et al.Spatial pattern of water retetnion in Dujiangyan County[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(3):789-797.
[3] 谢余初,巩杰,齐姗姗,等.基于InVEST模型的白龙江流域水源供给服务时空分异[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(8):1337-1347.XIE Y C,GONG J,QI S S,et al.Spatio-temporal variation of water supply service in Bailong River watershed based on InVEST model[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2017,32(8):1337-1347.
[4] HOYER R,CHANG H.Assessment of freshwater ecosystem services in the Tualatin and Yamhill basins under climate change and urbanization[J].Applied Geography,2014,53:402-416.
[5] NELSON E,MENDOZA G,REGETZ J,et al.Modeling multiple ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation, commodity production, and tradeoffs at landscape scales[J].Frontiers in Ecology & the Environment,2009,7(1):4-11.
[6] 王尧,徐佩,傅斌,等.森林生态系统水源涵养功能评估模型研究进展[J].生态经济,2018,34(2):158-164,169.WANG Y,XU P,FU B,et al.Water conservation function assessment models of forest ecosystem:A review[J].Ecological Economy,2018,34(2):158-164,169.
[7] PESSACG N,FLAHERTY S,BRANDIZI L,et al.Getting water right:A case study in water yield modelling based on precipitation data[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,537:225-234.
[8] 余新晓,周彬,吕锡芝,等.基于InVEST模型的北京山区森林水源涵养功能评估[J].林业科学,2012,48(10):1-5.YU X X,ZHOU B,LU X Z,et al.Evaluation of water conservation function in mountain forest areas of Beijing based on InVEST model[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2012,48(10):1-5.
[9] 张媛媛.1980～2005年三江源区水源涵养生态系统服务功能评估分析[D].北京:首都师范大学,2012.ZHANG Y Y.Sanjiangyuan area water conservation ecosystem services assessment analysis since 1980-2005[D].Beijing : Capital Normal University, 2012.
[10] 秦嘉励,杨万勤,张健.岷江上游典型生态系统水源涵养量及价值评估[J].应用与环境生物学报,2009,15(4):453-458.QIN J L,YANG W Q,ZHANG J.Assessment of ecosystem water conservation value in the upper Minjiang River, Sichuan,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2009,15(4):453-458.
[11] 李洪,由丽华.树立科学发展观合理开发岷江水资源[J].四川水力发电,2004,23(3): 1-3.LI H,YOU L H.Acquiring scientific outlook for properly developing water resources of Minjiang River[J].Sichuan Water Power,2004,23(3):1-3.
[12] 王燕.水源地生态补偿理论与管理政策研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2011.WANG Y.A study on the theory and managerial policy of ecological compensation of water source area[D].Taian:Shandong Agricultural University,2011.
[13] 刘菊.流域水资源保护生态补偿研究——以岷江上游为例[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2017.LIU J.Payment for ecosystem service of water resources protection: A case study of the upper reaches of the Minjiang River,China[D].Beijing: Chinese Academy of Sciences,2017.
[14] 李晓光,苗鸿,郑华,等.生态补偿标准确定的主要方法及其应用[J].生态学报,2009,29(8): 4431-4440.LI X G,MIAO H,ZHENG H,et al.Main methods for setting ecological compensation standard and their application[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(8):4431-4440.
[15] TALLIS H T,RICKETTS T,GUERRY A D.InVEST 2.4.1 User’s Guide[Z].The Natural Capital Project,Stanford,2011.
[16] DROOGERS P,ALLEN R G.Estimating reference evapotranspiration under inaccurate data conditions[J].Irrigation and Drainage Systems,2002,16(1): 33-45.
[17] ZHANG L,DAWES W,WALKER G.Response of mean annual evapotranspiration to vegetation changes at catchment scale[J].Water Resources Research,2001,37(3): 701-708.
[18] 陈骏宇,刘钢,白杨.基于InVEST模型的太湖流域水源涵养服务价值评估[J].水利经济,2016,(2): 25-29,84.CHEN J Y,LIU G,BAI Y.Evaluation of service value of water conservation in Taihu Lake basin based on InVEST model[J].Journal of Economics of Water Resources, 2016 (2): 25-29,84.
[19] 王小琳.基于InVEST模型的贵州省水源涵养功能研究[D].贵阳: 贵州师范大学,2016.WANG X L.Modelling water conservation function based on the InVEST model: Case studies in Guizhou[D].Guiyang : Guizhou Normal University,2016.
[20] 杨霞,贾尔恒·阿哈提,邱秀云,等.乌伦古河流域SWAT模型基础数据库构建[J].水资源与水工程学报,2013,24(6): 74-78.YANG X,JIAERHENG A,QIU X Y,et al.Construction of basic database for SWAT model in Wulungu River basin[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2013,24(6): 74-78.
[21] WANG Y K, LU Y F, LI Q W. Comparison and effects of different climate-vegetation models in areas of complex terrain under climate change[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2016, 26(2): 188-196.
[22] CANADELL J, JACKSON R B, EHLERINGER J B, et al. Maximum rooting depth of vegetation types at the global scale[J]. Oecologia 1996, 108(4): 583-595.
[23] ALLEN R G, LUIS S P, DIRK R, et al. Crop evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing crop water requirements[EB/OL]. FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56. http: //www.FAO.org/docrep/x0490E/x0490e00.htm.
[24] 黎永红, 薛晨. 紫坪铺水库入库径流年际变化特征分析[J]. 四川水力发电, 2017, 36(S2): 113-115, 132.
[25] 张文广, 胡远满, 张晶, 等. 岷江上游地区近30年森林生态系统水源涵养量与价值变化 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2007, 26(7): 1063-1067.ZHANG W G, HU Y M, ZHANG J, et al. Forest water conservation and its benefits in upper reaches of Minjiang River in recent 30 years[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2007, 26(7): 1063-1067.
[26] 郭兵, 姜琳, 孙彩红, 等. 基于多源数据的岷江上游生态系统服务价值动态评估[J]. 水土保持研究, 2017, 24(6): 131-138.GUO B, JIANG L, SUN C H, et al. Dynamic evaluation service value of the upper reaches of Minjiang River based on multi-source data[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017, 24(6): 131-138.
[27] 中国生态补偿机制与政策研究课题组. 中国生态补偿机制与政策研究 [M]. 北京 : 科学出版社, 2007.Task force on ecocompensation mechanisms and policies.Eco-compensation mechanisms and policies in China[M]. Beijing : Science Press, 2007.
[28] 吴娜, 宋晓谕, 康文慧, 等. 不同视角下基于InVEST模型的流域生态补偿标准核算——以渭河甘肃段为例[J]. 生态学报, 2018, 38(7): 1-10.WU N, SONG X Y, KANG W H, et al. Standard of payment for ecosystem services in a watershed based on InVEST model under different standpoints: A case study of the Weihe River in Gansu Province[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(7): 1-10.
[29] GOLDMANBENNER R L, BENITEZ S, BOUCHER T, et al. Water funds and payments for ecosystem services: Practice learns from theory and theory can learn from practice[J]. Oryx, 2012, 46(1): 55.
[30] 周晨, 丁晓辉, 李国平, 等. 南水北调中线工程水源区生态补偿标准研究——以生态系统服务价值为视角[J]. 资源科学, 2015, 37(4): 792-804.ZHOU C, DING X H, LI G P, et al. Ecological compensation standards in the water source area of the middle route project of the South-North water transfer project[J]. Resources Science, 2015, 37(4): 792-804.
[31] 刘春腊, 刘卫东, 陆大道. 生态补偿的地理学特征及内涵研究[J]. 地理研究, 2014, 33(5): 803-816.LIU C L, LIU W D, LU D D. A study of the geographical features and implications of eco-compensation[J]. Geographical Research, 2014, 33(5): 803-816.
[32] 宋晓谕, 刘玉卿, 邓晓红, 等. 基于分布式水文模型和福利成本法的生态补偿空间选择研究[J].生态学报, 2012, 32(24): 7722-7729.SONG X Y, LIU Y Q, DENG X H, et al. Spatial targeting of payments for ecosystem services based on SWAT Model and cost-benefit analysis[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(24): 7722-7729.
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