中度盐碱土掺沙对土壤水盐运移和夏玉米生长的影响
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摘要
为探究表层(0～20 cm)掺沙对黄河三角洲地区盐碱地的改良效应,以滨州地区中度盐碱土为研究对象,利用黄河河沙作为添加物质进行了室内研究和大田试验,探究表层掺沙对土壤水分入渗、土壤理化性质和夏玉米生长的影响。室内试验共设置CK(0%)、S1(5%)、S2(10%)、S3(15%)、S4(20%)5种掺沙比例,根据室内试验的结果,大田试验设置CK(0%)、S1(5%)、S2(10%)、S3(15%)4种掺沙比例。结果表明:(1)表层掺沙可以提高土壤入渗能力,入渗速率随掺沙比例增大而增大;(2)表层掺沙会降低掺沙层的土壤含水率,提高掺沙层以下土壤的含水率,掺沙5%～15%的下层含水率随掺沙比例增大而增大,掺沙20%的下层含水率低于其他掺沙处理;(3)在相同入渗条件下掺沙10%～20%显著提高脱盐效率,掺沙15%的脱盐指标最好,平均脱盐率比CK增加7.65%,脱盐区深度和达标脱盐区深度分别比CK增加1.51、1.06 cm;(4)大田中土壤水分和盐分变化与室内试验的结论一致,验证了室内试验的结论。掺沙处理的玉米株高、茎粗、叶面积、干物质重和产量均大于CK,其中掺沙15%的增产率最大,为10.40%。土壤表层掺沙可有效改良滨州地区盐碱地,最佳掺沙比例为15%。
In order to explore the effect of saline-alkali improvement by sand mixed with surface soil in Yellow River Delta,the laboratory studies and field experiments were conducted to explore the influence of adding sand on soil infiltration,soil physical-chemical properties and summer maize growth.The Yellow River sand was used as the additive for the moderately salinized soil from Binzhou area,mixing sifted river sand into surface soil(0 ～ 20 cm).The laboratory studies were onedimension vertical infiltration experiment included five kinds of mixing proportion of sand:CK(0%),S1(5%),S2(10%),S3(15%),S4(20%).On the basis of laboratory studies,the field experiments set four kinds of mixing proportion:CK(0%),S1(5%),S2(10%),S3(15%).All experiments were repeated three times.The results showed that:(1)Mixing sand with surface soil improved soil infiltration.The infiltration rate increased with the mixing proportion.(2)Mixing sand to surface soil reduced the soil moisture content of adding sand layer,and increased soil moisture content under this layer.In the layer without sand,the water content of the 5% ～ 15% sand treatments increased with the proportion of sand mixing,and the water content of 20% sand treatment was lower than those of the other mixed proportion.(3)The desalination indicators of the sand proportion 10% ～ 20% were higher than that of control treatment obviously.The average desalination rate of 15% sand was increased by 7.65% than that of control treatment,and the soil desalination depth and the standard desalination depth of 15% sand were increased by 1.51 and 1.06 cm.(4)The results of field experiment were same as laboratory study and verified the conclusion of the laboratory.The plant height,stem diameter,leaf area,dry matter and yield of summer maize were better than control treatment;the increase rate of yield of15% sand treatment was the maximum,which was 10.40%.Mixing sand with surface soil to improve saline-alkali soil in Binzhou area is effective and the most suitable proportion is 15%.
In order to explore the effect of saline-alkali improvement by sand mixed with surface soil in Yellow River Delta,the laboratory studies and field experiments were conducted to explore the influence of adding sand on soil infiltration,soil physical-chemical properties and summer maize growth.The Yellow River sand was used as the additive for the moderately salinized soil from Binzhou area,mixing sifted river sand into surface soil(0 ～ 20 cm).The laboratory studies were onedimension vertical infiltration experiment included five kinds of mixing proportion of sand:CK(0%),S1(5%),S2(10%),S3(15%),S4(20%).On the basis of laboratory studies,the field experiments set four kinds of mixing proportion:CK(0%),S1(5%),S2(10%),S3(15%).All experiments were repeated three times.The results showed that:(1)Mixing sand with surface soil improved soil infiltration.The infiltration rate increased with the mixing proportion.(2)Mixing sand to surface soil reduced the soil moisture content of adding sand layer,and increased soil moisture content under this layer.In the layer without sand,the water content of the 5% ～ 15% sand treatments increased with the proportion of sand mixing,and the water content of 20% sand treatment was lower than those of the other mixed proportion.(3)The desalination indicators of the sand proportion 10% ～ 20% were higher than that of control treatment obviously.The average desalination rate of 15% sand was increased by 7.65% than that of control treatment,and the soil desalination depth and the standard desalination depth of 15% sand were increased by 1.51 and 1.06 cm.(4)The results of field experiment were same as laboratory study and verified the conclusion of the laboratory.The plant height,stem diameter,leaf area,dry matter and yield of summer maize were better than control treatment;the increase rate of yield of15% sand treatment was the maximum,which was 10.40%.Mixing sand with surface soil to improve saline-alkali soil in Binzhou area is effective and the most suitable proportion is 15%.
引文
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[8]宋日权,褚贵新,冶军,等.掺砂对土壤水分入渗和蒸发影响的室内试验[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(S1):109-114.
[9]Mathur O P,Mathur S K,Talati N R.Effect of addition of sand and gypsum to fine-textured salt-affected soils on the yield of cotton and jower(Sorghum)under Rajasthan Canal Command Area conditions[J].Plant&Soil,1983,74(1):61-65.
[10]蔺亚莉,李跃进,陈玉海,等.碱化盐土掺砂对土壤理化性状和玉米产量影响的研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016,(1):119-123.
[11]苏小四,吴晓芳,林学钰,等.黄河水主要化学组分与δ13C的沿程变化特征[J].人民黄河,2006,28(5):29-31.
[12]王乃江,高佩玲,赵连东,等.咸淡水分配比例对盐碱土壤水分入渗特征与脱盐效果的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):100-105.
[13]关泉杰,张明坤.玉米生育阶段的划分与灌溉制度试验[J].黑龙江水利科技,2013,41(8):174-175.
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[15]刘小媛,高佩玲,杨大明,等.咸淡水间歇组合灌溉对盐碱耕地土壤水盐运移特性的影响[J].土壤学报,2017,54(6):1404-1413.
[16]吕殿青,王全九,王文焰,等.土壤盐分分布特征评价[J].土壤学报,2002,39(5):720-725.
[17]张建国,金斌斌.土壤与农作[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2010.84
[18]李卓,刘永红,杨勤.土壤水分入渗影响机制研究综述[J].灌溉排水学报,2011,30(5):124-130.
[19]陈瑶,张科利,罗利芳,等.黄土坡耕地弃耕后土壤入渗变化规律及影响因素[J].泥沙研究,2005,(5):45-50.
[20]李卓,吴普特,冯浩,等.不同粘粒含量土壤水分入渗能力模拟试验研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(3):71-77.
[21]Sauer T J,Logsdon S D.Hydraulic and physical properties of stony soils in a small watershed[J].Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde,2002,147(19):889-892.
[22]苏杨,朱健,王平,等.土壤持水能力研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(14):140-145.
[23]Williams J,Prebble R E,Williams W T,et al.The influence of texture,structure and clay mineralogy on the soil moisture characteristic[J].Soil Research,1983,21(1):15-19.
[24]李卓,冯浩,吴普特,等.砂粒含量对土壤水分蓄持能力影响模拟试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(3):204-208.
[25]蒲红艳,陈亚宁,李卫红.干旱荒漠区新垦绿洲土壤改良措施对盐分变化的影响研究——以克拉玛依农业开发区为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(7):160-164.
[26]迟春明,王志春.沙粒对碱土饱和导水率和盐分淋洗的影响[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(1):99-102.
[27]王娜,兰建强,李晓宁,等.河沙改良土壤对烤烟生长及产质量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(34):144-148.
[28]张红艳,高家合.不同含砂比例粘土土壤对烤烟生长及根系发育的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2011,(4):495-498.
[29]Niazi B H,Ahmed M,Hussain N,et al.Comparison of sand,gypsum and sulphuric acid to reclaim a dense saline sodic soil[J].International Journal of Agriculture&Biology,2001,2(3):234-236.
[30]马彦霞,王晓巍,张玉鑫,等.河西绿洲区菜田掺沙对土壤理化性状和甘蓝生长的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(11):2265-2272.
[31]蔺亚莉.碱化盐土掺砂对土壤理化性状和玉米生长影响研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2015.
[2]吕真真,杨劲松,刘广明,等.黄河三角洲土壤盐渍化与地下水特征关系研究[J].土壤学报,2017,54(6):1377-1385.
[3]张凌云.黄河三角洲地区盐碱地主要改良措施分析[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(17):5266.
[4]王胡军,李纯,钟香梅,等.盐碱地改良技术研究进展[J].农业工程,2014,4(S1):44-47.
[5]董红云,朱振林,李新华,等.山东省盐碱地分布、改良利用现状与治理成效潜力分析[J].山东农业科学,2017,49(5):134-139.
[6]刘国平.黄河三角洲滨海盐渍土改良措施[J].山东农业大学学报(社会科学版),2009,11(3):68-69.
[7]刘建红.盐碱地开发治理研究进展[J].山西农业科学,2008,36(12):51-53.
[8]宋日权,褚贵新,冶军,等.掺砂对土壤水分入渗和蒸发影响的室内试验[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(S1):109-114.
[9]Mathur O P,Mathur S K,Talati N R.Effect of addition of sand and gypsum to fine-textured salt-affected soils on the yield of cotton and jower(Sorghum)under Rajasthan Canal Command Area conditions[J].Plant&Soil,1983,74(1):61-65.
[10]蔺亚莉,李跃进,陈玉海,等.碱化盐土掺砂对土壤理化性状和玉米产量影响的研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016,(1):119-123.
[11]苏小四,吴晓芳,林学钰,等.黄河水主要化学组分与δ13C的沿程变化特征[J].人民黄河,2006,28(5):29-31.
[12]王乃江,高佩玲,赵连东,等.咸淡水分配比例对盐碱土壤水分入渗特征与脱盐效果的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):100-105.
[13]关泉杰,张明坤.玉米生育阶段的划分与灌溉制度试验[J].黑龙江水利科技,2013,41(8):174-175.
[14]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.20-50.
[15]刘小媛,高佩玲,杨大明,等.咸淡水间歇组合灌溉对盐碱耕地土壤水盐运移特性的影响[J].土壤学报,2017,54(6):1404-1413.
[16]吕殿青,王全九,王文焰,等.土壤盐分分布特征评价[J].土壤学报,2002,39(5):720-725.
[17]张建国,金斌斌.土壤与农作[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2010.84
[18]李卓,刘永红,杨勤.土壤水分入渗影响机制研究综述[J].灌溉排水学报,2011,30(5):124-130.
[19]陈瑶,张科利,罗利芳,等.黄土坡耕地弃耕后土壤入渗变化规律及影响因素[J].泥沙研究,2005,(5):45-50.
[20]李卓,吴普特,冯浩,等.不同粘粒含量土壤水分入渗能力模拟试验研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(3):71-77.
[21]Sauer T J,Logsdon S D.Hydraulic and physical properties of stony soils in a small watershed[J].Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde,2002,147(19):889-892.
[22]苏杨,朱健,王平,等.土壤持水能力研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(14):140-145.
[23]Williams J,Prebble R E,Williams W T,et al.The influence of texture,structure and clay mineralogy on the soil moisture characteristic[J].Soil Research,1983,21(1):15-19.
[24]李卓,冯浩,吴普特,等.砂粒含量对土壤水分蓄持能力影响模拟试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(3):204-208.
[25]蒲红艳,陈亚宁,李卫红.干旱荒漠区新垦绿洲土壤改良措施对盐分变化的影响研究——以克拉玛依农业开发区为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(7):160-164.
[26]迟春明,王志春.沙粒对碱土饱和导水率和盐分淋洗的影响[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(1):99-102.
[27]王娜,兰建强,李晓宁,等.河沙改良土壤对烤烟生长及产质量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(34):144-148.
[28]张红艳,高家合.不同含砂比例粘土土壤对烤烟生长及根系发育的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2011,(4):495-498.
[29]Niazi B H,Ahmed M,Hussain N,et al.Comparison of sand,gypsum and sulphuric acid to reclaim a dense saline sodic soil[J].International Journal of Agriculture&Biology,2001,2(3):234-236.
[30]马彦霞,王晓巍,张玉鑫,等.河西绿洲区菜田掺沙对土壤理化性状和甘蓝生长的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(11):2265-2272.
[31]蔺亚莉.碱化盐土掺砂对土壤理化性状和玉米生长影响研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2015.
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