宁夏压砂地不同植被类型土壤干燥化特征
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摘要
该研究在观测压砂地沙枣、柠条、西瓜、枸杞及草地土壤含水量的基础上,分析比较不同植被类型的土壤含水量、水分过耗量、干燥化指数、干层厚度等土壤干燥化特征,以揭示压砂地不同植被类型的土壤干燥化效应,为宁夏中部旱区压砂地可持续发展提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)不同植被类型下0～600cm土壤含水量、贮水量和有效贮水量均值分别为7.163%、591.978mm和187.088mm,土壤水分过耗量均值为274.942mm。(2)不同植被类型的土壤剖面含水量随深度增加呈先减小后增大的趋势;除西瓜地外,其余植被类型的土壤剖面含水量明显低于当地土壤稳定湿度。(3)不同植被类型的土壤平均干燥化系数介于2.152%～85.026%,干燥化系数均值为37.674%,属严重干燥化强度,其中柠条地和沙枣地均达到强烈干燥化强度;土壤平均干层厚度达到或超过500cm,干燥化程度由强到弱依次为柠条地>沙枣地>枸杞地>草地>西瓜地。(4)典型相关分析发现,经纬度、高程、植被类型、粉粒及砂粒含量等环境因子是影响土壤干燥化指数、干层内平均含水量等干燥化指标的重要因素。
Based on observation of soil moisture in deep soil layers in Elaeagnus angustifolia,Caragana korshinskii,Citrullus lanatus,Lycium chinense and grassland on the gravel-sand mulched field in the arid zone of central Ningxia,we calculated,analyzed and compared soil moisture content,soil water overuse rate,soil desiccation indexes and thickness of desiccated soil layer in different vegetation zones,to provide the theory basis for improving the utilization on the gravel-sand mulched field in the arid zone of central Ningxia.Results show as follows:(1)mean soil moisture content,water storage and available soil water storage were 7.163%,591.978 mm and 187.088 mm of different vegetation zones on the gravel-sand mulched field.The average soil water overuse rate was 274.942 mm.(2)The soil moisture of different vegetation types show the overall trend was reduced,then increased from the depth of the surface to 600 cm.In addition to watermelon,the water moisture content of other vegetation was significantly lower thansoil stable moisture.(3)The soil desiccation index of different vegetation zones was in the range of2.152%～85.026%,and mean soil desiccation index was 37.674%,falling into the category of severely desiccated.The C.korshinskii and E.angustifolialand were extreme desiccated.The average thickness of the desiccated soil layer in different vegetation zones was 500 cm.The order of soil moisture content is:C.korshinskii land> E.angustifolialand>L.chinenseland>grassland>C.lanatusland.(4)The canonical correlation analysis showed that environmental factors such as latitude,longitude,elevation,vegetation type,silt content and sand content were significantly factors affecting soil desiccated index and soil water content in the inner of dried soil layer.
Based on observation of soil moisture in deep soil layers in Elaeagnus angustifolia,Caragana korshinskii,Citrullus lanatus,Lycium chinense and grassland on the gravel-sand mulched field in the arid zone of central Ningxia,we calculated,analyzed and compared soil moisture content,soil water overuse rate,soil desiccation indexes and thickness of desiccated soil layer in different vegetation zones,to provide the theory basis for improving the utilization on the gravel-sand mulched field in the arid zone of central Ningxia.Results show as follows:(1)mean soil moisture content,water storage and available soil water storage were 7.163%,591.978 mm and 187.088 mm of different vegetation zones on the gravel-sand mulched field.The average soil water overuse rate was 274.942 mm.(2)The soil moisture of different vegetation types show the overall trend was reduced,then increased from the depth of the surface to 600 cm.In addition to watermelon,the water moisture content of other vegetation was significantly lower thansoil stable moisture.(3)The soil desiccation index of different vegetation zones was in the range of2.152%～85.026%,and mean soil desiccation index was 37.674%,falling into the category of severely desiccated.The C.korshinskii and E.angustifolialand were extreme desiccated.The average thickness of the desiccated soil layer in different vegetation zones was 500 cm.The order of soil moisture content is:C.korshinskii land> E.angustifolialand>L.chinenseland>grassland>C.lanatusland.(4)The canonical correlation analysis showed that environmental factors such as latitude,longitude,elevation,vegetation type,silt content and sand content were significantly factors affecting soil desiccated index and soil water content in the inner of dried soil layer.
引文
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[2]YANG Q,WANG Y J,XIE Z K.Long-term gravel-sand mulch affects soil physicochemical properties,microbial biomass and enzyme activities in the semi-arid Loess Plateau of North-western China[J].Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica,2014,64(4):294-303.
[3]白一茹,王幼奇,王菲,等.压砂地土壤导水特性空间格局及影响因子[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(4):55-61.BAI Y R,WANG Y Q,WANG F,et al.Spatial variability of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and its influencing factors in the gravel mulched field of Ningxia[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2016,34(4):55-61.
[4]LU H S,YU Z B,HORTON R,et al.Effect of gravel-sand mulch on soil water and temperature in the semiarid loess region of Northwest China[J].Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2013,18(11):1 484-1 494.
[5]赵文举,马宏,徐裕,等.模拟降雨条件下压砂地土壤水分入渗规律研究[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):79-84.ZHAO W J,MA H,XU Y,et al.Study on water infiltration pattern of soil gravel-sand mulched field under simulated rainfall[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(4):79-84.
[6]SHEN Y Y,LI L L,CHEN W,et al.Soil water soil nitrogen and productivity of lucerne-wheat sequences on deep silt loams in a summer dominant rainfall environment[J].Field Crops Research,2009,11(1):97-108.
[7]罗珠珠,李玲玲,牛伊宁,等.陇中黄土高原半干旱区苜蓿地土壤干燥化特征及适宜种植年限[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(10):3 059-3 065.LUO Z Z,LI L L,NIU Y N,et al.Soil dryness characteristics of alfalfa cropland and optimal growth years of alfalfa on the Loess Plateau of central Gansu[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(10):3 059-3 065.
[8]邵明安,贾小旭,王云强,等.黄土高原土壤干层研究进展与展望[J].地球科学进展,2016,31(1):14-22.SHAO M A,JIA X X,WANG Y Q,et al.A review of studies on dried soil layers in the Loess Plateau[J].Advances in Earth Science,2016,31(1):14-22.
[9]王志强,刘宝元,张岩.不同植被类型对厚层黄土剖面水分含量的影响[J].地理学报,2008,63(7):703-713.WANG Z Q,LIU B Y,ZHANG Y.Effects of different vegetation types on soil moisture in deep loess soil profiles[J].Acta Gedographica Sinica,2008,63(7):703-713.
[10]ZHAO J B,DU J,CHEN B Q,et al.Dried earth layers of artificial forestland in the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2007,17(1):114-126.
[11]王云强.黄土高原地区土壤干层的空间分布与影响因素[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院(教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心),2010.
[12]李剑,赵忠,袁志发,等.黄土高原刺槐林地土壤水分垂直分布特征及其动态模型的建立[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(8):1 666-1 675.LI J,ZHAO Z,YUAN Z F,et al.Dynamic model of soil moisture of Robinia pseudoacacia plantations in the Loess Plateau[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2014,34(8):1 666-1 675.
[13]朱炜歆,牛俊杰,刘庚,等.植被类型对生长季黄土区土壤含水量的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(1):152-156.ZHU W X,NIU J J,LIU G,et al.The influence of vegetation types on the soil moistures during growing season in Loess area[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2016,30(1):152-156.
[14]杜娟,赵景波.西安高陵人工林土壤干层与含水量季节变化研究[J].地理科学,2007,27(1):98-103.DU J,ZHAO J B.Seasonal change of soil moisture content in dried soil layer in artificial forest in Gaoling of Xi'an[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2007,27(1):98-103.
[15]易小波,贾小旭,邵明安,等.黄土高原区域尺度土壤干燥化的空间和季节分布特征[J].水科学进展,2017,28(3):373-381.YI X B,JIA X X,SHAO M A,et al.Regional spatial and seasonal characteristics of soil desiccation on the Loess Plateau[J].Advances in Water Science,2017,28(3):373-381.
[16]程立平,刘文兆,李志.黄土源区不同土地利用方式下深层土壤水分变化特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(8):1 975-1 983.CHENG L P,LIU W Z,LI Z.Soil water in deep layers under different land use patterns on the Loess Tableland[J].ActaEcologicaSinica,2014,34(8):1 975-1 983.
[17]李军,陈兵,李小芳,等.黄土高原不同降水类型区林地、草地与农田土壤干燥化效应比较[J].土壤学报,2008,45(1):40-49.LI J,CHEN B,LI X F,et al.Soil desiccating effects of forestlands,grasslands and croplands in zones different in rainfall pattern on the Loess Plateau[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2008,45(1):40-49.
[18]李军,陈兵,李小芳,等.黄土高原不同植被类型区人工林地深层土壤干燥化效应[J].生态学报,2008,28(4):1 429-1 445LI J,CHEN B,LI X F,et al.Effects of deep soil desiccation on artificial forestlands in different vegetation zones on the Loess Plateau of China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(4):1 429-1 445.
[19]WANG Y Q,SHAO M A,ZHU Y J,et al.Impacts of land use and plant characteristics on dried soil layers in different climatic regions on the Loess Plateau of China[J].Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,2011,151(4):437-448.
[20]张晨成,邵明安,王云强.黄土区坡面尺度不同植被类型下土壤干层的空间分布[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(17):102-108.ZHANG C C,SHAO M A,WANG Y Q.Spatial distribution of dried soil layers under different vegetation types at slope scale in loess region[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(17):102-108.
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