外来物种刺槐对土壤微生物功能多样性的影响
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摘要
以延河流域不同植被区内人工刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)群落和乡土植物群落的土壤微生物为研究对象,利用Biolog微平板技术对土壤微生物功能多样性进行测定,分析人工引种刺槐在不同环境梯度(3个植被区)下对土壤微生物功能多样性的影响。结果表明:刺槐对不同环境梯度下的土壤微生物的影响明显不同。从草原区到森林区,刺槐林之间土壤微生物群落的平均颜色变化率(AWCD)和土壤微生物功能多样性指数均没有显著变化;但与乡土植物群落比较,草原区、森林草原区和森林区土壤AWCD分别表现为刺槐>乡土植物、刺槐>乡土植物、刺槐<乡土植物;在草原区和森林草原区刺槐林土壤微生物群落的群落丰富度指数(S)、Shannon-Wiener指数(H)、Simpson指数(D)、Mc Intosh指数(U)均大于乡土植物,森林区刺槐林群落丰富度指数(S)、Shannon指数(H)、Simpson指数(D)均小于乡土植物;刺槐林和乡土植物群落下土壤微生物碳源利用存在差异,主要体现在对糖类、氨基酸类的利用上。PCA分析显示主成分1贡献较大的碳源有24种,在主成分分离中起主要贡献作用的是糖类、氨基酸类和羧酸类。土壤碳氮含量能影响土壤微生物功能多样性指数,土壤含水量和温湿度能够影响碳源的利用类型。刺槐对土壤微生物功能多样性的影响存在区域差异,在评价刺槐对土壤生态过程与功能的影响时必须要考虑这种空间差异性。
The functional diversity of soil microbial communities was studied in order to investigate the effects of black locusts and native species on microbial community diversity under different vegetation types. The soil microbial community was compared in areas with different vegetation zones that were inhabited by black locusts and native species. We used the Biolog technique to study soil microbial functional diversity. In this study,we found that introducing the black locust into different vegetation types generated a large variation in soil microbial functional diversity. The trends for the Average WellColor Development(AWCD) and the functional diversity indices in areas with black locusts were similar in the steppe and forest zones. The values for AWCD and the functional diversity indices,including the Richness index(S),the ShannonWeiner index(H),the Simpson index(D),and the Mc Intosh index(U),for the steppe and steppe-forest zone soilscontaining black locusts were larger than those for the areas with native species. However,the opposite trends were observed in forest zones. Significant differences in the utilization of carbon sources were evident,particularly carbohydrate and amino acid utilization. A Principal Component Analysis(PCA) indicated that the number of carbon sources loaded on PC1 was 24. Carbohydrates,amino acids,and carboxylic acids played major roles in separating the principal components. The soil microbial functional diversities were affected by the soil carbon and nitrogen contents,and carbon source utilization patterns were influenced by temperature and humidity. The effect of the black locust on soil microbes varied depending on the region,and this must be considered when evaluating its effects on soil ecological processes and functions.
The functional diversity of soil microbial communities was studied in order to investigate the effects of black locusts and native species on microbial community diversity under different vegetation types. The soil microbial community was compared in areas with different vegetation zones that were inhabited by black locusts and native species. We used the Biolog technique to study soil microbial functional diversity. In this study,we found that introducing the black locust into different vegetation types generated a large variation in soil microbial functional diversity. The trends for the Average WellColor Development(AWCD) and the functional diversity indices in areas with black locusts were similar in the steppe and forest zones. The values for AWCD and the functional diversity indices,including the Richness index(S),the ShannonWeiner index(H),the Simpson index(D),and the Mc Intosh index(U),for the steppe and steppe-forest zone soilscontaining black locusts were larger than those for the areas with native species. However,the opposite trends were observed in forest zones. Significant differences in the utilization of carbon sources were evident,particularly carbohydrate and amino acid utilization. A Principal Component Analysis(PCA) indicated that the number of carbon sources loaded on PC1 was 24. Carbohydrates,amino acids,and carboxylic acids played major roles in separating the principal components. The soil microbial functional diversities were affected by the soil carbon and nitrogen contents,and carbon source utilization patterns were influenced by temperature and humidity. The effect of the black locust on soil microbes varied depending on the region,and this must be considered when evaluating its effects on soil ecological processes and functions.
引文
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[23]胡延杰,翟明普,武觐文,贾黎明.杨树刺槐混交林及纯林土壤微生物数量及活性与土壤养分转化关系的研究.土壤,2002,34(1):42-46,50-50.
[24]曹扬,赵忠,渠美,成向荣,王迪海.刺槐根系对深层土壤水分的影响.应用生态学报,2006,17(5):765-768.
[25]邢肖毅,黄懿梅,安韶山,张宏.黄土高原沟壑区森林带不同植物群落土壤氮素含量及其转化.生态学报,2013,33(22):7181-7189.
[26]刘秉儒,张秀珍,胡天华,李文金.贺兰山不同海拔典型植被带土壤微生物多样性.生态学报,2013,33(22):7211-7220.
[27]杨宁,邹冬生,杨满元,付美云,林仲桂,赵林峰.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地不同植被恢复阶段土壤微生物群落多样性的变化.林业科学,2016,52(8):146-156.
[28]王红霞.黄土高原刺槐植物功能性状变化与环境适应的生态学意义[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[29]胡婵娟,郭雷,刘国华.黄土丘陵沟壑区不同植被恢复格局下土壤微生物群落结构.生态学报,2014,34(11):2986-2995.
[30]胡婵娟,傅伯杰,刘国华,靳甜甜,刘宇.黄土丘陵沟壑区典型人工林下土壤微生物功能多样性.生态学报,2009,29(2):727-733.
[31]张乃莉,郭继勋,王晓宇,马克平.土壤微生物对气候变暖和大气N沉降的响应.植物生态学报,2007,31(2):252-261.
[32]Gordon H,Haygarth P M,Bardgett R D.Drying and rewetting effects on soil microbial community composition and nutrient leaching.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40(2):302-311.
[33]Xiang S R,Doyle A,Holden P A,Schimel J P.Drying and rewetting effects on C and N mineralization and microbial activity in surface and subsurface California grassland soils.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40(9):2281-2289.
[34]鲁顺保,郭晓敏,芮亦超,周小奇,陈成榕,徐志红,牛德奎.澳大利亚亚热带不同森林土壤微生物群落对碳源的利用.生态学报,2012,32(9):2819-2826.
[35]Ladygina N,Hedlund K.Plant species influence microbial diversity and carbon allocation in the rhizosphere.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42(2):162-168.
[2]张燕燕,曲来叶,陈利顶,卫伟.黄土丘陵沟壑区不同植被类型土壤微生物特性.应用生态学报,2010,21(1):165-173.
[3]Liao C Z,Peng R H,Luo Y Q,Zhou X H,Wu X W,Fang C M,Chen J K,Li B.Altered ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycles by plant invasion:a meta-analysis.New Phytologist,2008,177(3):706-714.
[4]Knops J M H,Bradley K L,Wedin D A.Mechanisms of plant species impacts on ecosystem nitrogen cycling.Ecology Letters,2002,5(3):454-466.
[5]Hawkes C V,Wren I F,Herman D J,Firestone M K.Plant invasion alters nitrogen cycling by modifying the soil nitrifying community.Ecology Letters,2005,8(9):976-985.
[6]Lee M R,Bernhardt E S,van Bodegom P M,Cornelissen J H C,Kattge J,Laughlin D C,Niinemets,Pe1uelas J,Reich P B,Yguel B,Wright J P.Invasive species'leaf traits and dissimilarity from natives shape their impact on nitrogen cycling:a meta-analysis.New Phytologist,2017,213(1):128-139.
[7]González-Mu1oz N,Castro-Díez P,Parker I M.Differences in nitrogen use strategies between native and exotic tree species:predicting impacts on invaded ecosystems.Plant and Soil,2013,363(1/2):319-329.
[8]Funk J L.The physiology of invasive plants in low-resource environments.Conservation Physiology,2013,1(1):cot026.
[9]Van Kleunen M,Weber E,Fischer M.A meta-analysis of trait differences between invasive and non-invasive plant species.Ecology Letters,2010,13(2):235-245.
[10]Ehrenfeld J G.Effects of exotic plant invasions on soil nutrient cycling processes.Ecosystems,2003,6(6):503-523.
[11]胡婵娟,傅伯杰,靳甜甜,刘国华.黄土丘陵沟壑区植被恢复对土壤微生物生物量碳和氮的影响.应用生态学报,2009,20(1):45-50.
[12]翟辉,张海,张超,周旭.黄土峁状丘陵区不同类型林分土壤微生物功能多样性.林业科学,2016,52(12):84-91.
[13]张海涵,唐明,陈辉,杜小刚.黄土高原5种造林树种菌根根际土壤微生物群落多样性研究.北京林业大学学报,2008,30(3):85-90.
[14]曾全超,李鑫,董扬红,李娅芸,安韶山.黄土高原不同乔木林土壤微生物量碳氮和溶解性碳氮的特征.生态学报,2015,35(11):3598-3605.
[15]Sherman C,Steinberger Y.Microbial functional diversity associated with plant litter decomposition along a climatic gradient.Microbial Ecology,2012,64(2):399-415.
[16]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版).北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[17]郑华,欧阳志云,方治国,赵同谦.BIOLOG在土壤微生物群落功能多样性研究中的应用.土壤学报,2004,41(3):456-461.
[18]张燕燕,曲来叶,陈利顶.Biolog Eco PlateTM实验信息提取方法改进.微生物学通报,2009,36(7):1083-1091.
[19]Li Y Y,Jiao J X,Wang Y,Yang W,Meng C,Li B Z,Li Y,Wu J S.Characteristics of nitrogen loading and its influencing factors in several typical agricultural watersheds of subtropical China.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(3):1831-1840.
[20]张超,刘国彬,薛萐,王国梁.黄土丘陵区不同植被类型根际微生物群落功能多样性研究.草地学报,2015,23(4):710-717.
[21]Waid J S.Does soil biodiversity depend upon metabiotic activity and influences?Applied Soil Ecology,1999,13(2):151-158.
[22]黄元元,曲来叶,曲秀春,杜淑芹.镜泊湖岩溶台地不同植被类型土壤微生物群落特征.生态学报,2012,32(9):2827-2836.
[23]胡延杰,翟明普,武觐文,贾黎明.杨树刺槐混交林及纯林土壤微生物数量及活性与土壤养分转化关系的研究.土壤,2002,34(1):42-46,50-50.
[24]曹扬,赵忠,渠美,成向荣,王迪海.刺槐根系对深层土壤水分的影响.应用生态学报,2006,17(5):765-768.
[25]邢肖毅,黄懿梅,安韶山,张宏.黄土高原沟壑区森林带不同植物群落土壤氮素含量及其转化.生态学报,2013,33(22):7181-7189.
[26]刘秉儒,张秀珍,胡天华,李文金.贺兰山不同海拔典型植被带土壤微生物多样性.生态学报,2013,33(22):7211-7220.
[27]杨宁,邹冬生,杨满元,付美云,林仲桂,赵林峰.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地不同植被恢复阶段土壤微生物群落多样性的变化.林业科学,2016,52(8):146-156.
[28]王红霞.黄土高原刺槐植物功能性状变化与环境适应的生态学意义[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[29]胡婵娟,郭雷,刘国华.黄土丘陵沟壑区不同植被恢复格局下土壤微生物群落结构.生态学报,2014,34(11):2986-2995.
[30]胡婵娟,傅伯杰,刘国华,靳甜甜,刘宇.黄土丘陵沟壑区典型人工林下土壤微生物功能多样性.生态学报,2009,29(2):727-733.
[31]张乃莉,郭继勋,王晓宇,马克平.土壤微生物对气候变暖和大气N沉降的响应.植物生态学报,2007,31(2):252-261.
[32]Gordon H,Haygarth P M,Bardgett R D.Drying and rewetting effects on soil microbial community composition and nutrient leaching.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40(2):302-311.
[33]Xiang S R,Doyle A,Holden P A,Schimel J P.Drying and rewetting effects on C and N mineralization and microbial activity in surface and subsurface California grassland soils.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40(9):2281-2289.
[34]鲁顺保,郭晓敏,芮亦超,周小奇,陈成榕,徐志红,牛德奎.澳大利亚亚热带不同森林土壤微生物群落对碳源的利用.生态学报,2012,32(9):2819-2826.
[35]Ladygina N,Hedlund K.Plant species influence microbial diversity and carbon allocation in the rhizosphere.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42(2):162-168.