转基因玉米对田间节肢动物群落多样性的影响
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摘要
通过对转基因耐除草剂(EPSPS)抗虫(Cry1Ab)玉米转化体‘DBN9936’、受体玉米‘DBN318’、常规玉米‘先玉335’和喷施除草剂的转化体‘DBN9936’玉米田中节肢动物种类及数量的调查,评价转基因玉米对田间节肢动物群落多样性的影响。2015年和2017年我们采用直接观察法、陷阱调查法和剖秆法对田间节肢动物进行调查,采用聚类分析、物种累积曲线等方法对数据进行分析,并比较了4个处理玉米田节肢动物群落的Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、优势集中性指数和群落相似性指数的差异及其随时间变化的规律。调查期间共记录节肢动物20目80科;转化体玉米‘DBN9936’(2015:10.3±2.6头,2017:3.3±1.7头)和喷施除草剂的转化体玉米‘DBN9936’(2015:6.0±1.5头, 2017:17.0±0.6头)上鳞翅目昆虫的数量明显低于受体‘DBN318’(2015:20.0±3.2头, 2017:24.0±6.0头)和‘先玉335’(2015:21.0±8.9头, 2017:26.7±2.0头);物种累积曲线呈典型的抛物线,各类玉米田间总体物种丰富度差异较小;玉米生育期节肢动物调查结果累计数量的功能团组成及其丰富度、多样性、均匀度、优势集中性间均无明显的差异,各类指数随时间变化的动态趋于一致,群落间相似性程度较高。转基因玉米‘DBN9936’对鳞翅目害虫有明显的抗性,对非靶标节肢动物无显著的影响,对田间节肢动物的群落多样性、均匀度、丰富度、优势集中性等没有明显的影响。
The species and numbers of arthropods in fields of transgenic herbicide-tolerant(EPSPS) and insect-resistant(Cry1Ab) maize DBN9936, receptor maize DBN318, conventional maize Xianyu 335, and spraying herbicide transformant DBN9936, were investigated to assess the effect of genetically modified maize on the arthropod communities. Direct observations, pit-fall trapping and longitudinal section methods were used to investigate the field arthropod species in 2015 and 2017. A cluster analysis and species accumulation curves, as well as the Margalef richness index, Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index,Pielou evenness index, dominant concentration index, community similarity index, were calculated and compared. The recorded arthropod species belonged to 20 orders and 80 families. The number of Lepidopteron insects in the fields of herbicide-free transformant DBN9936(2015: 10.3 ± 2.6, 2017: 3.3 ±1.7) and transformant DBN9936 spraying herbicides(2015: 6.0 ± 1.5, 2017: 17.0 ± 0.6) were significantly lower than the corresponding parameters of receptor DBN318(2015: 20.0 ± 3.2, 2017: 24.0 ± 6.0) and Xianyu 335(2015: 21.0 ± 8.9, 2017: 26.7 ± 2.0). The species accumulation curves show a typical parabola and there was little difference in the overall species richness. There were no significant differences in the total number of arthropods, functional group composition, richness, diversity, evenness and dominant concentration in the maize fields and there was a high similarity between the arthropods communities. The dynamic of the richness index, diversity index, evenness index, dominant concentration index and community similarity index of those arthropods in the maize fields tended to be consistent. Transformant DBN9936 has obvious resistance to Lepidopteron insects and has no significant negative effects on non-target arthropods. The results suggest that the transformant DBN9936 maize has no significant effect on community richness, diversity, evenness and dominance concentration of arthropods in the fields.
The species and numbers of arthropods in fields of transgenic herbicide-tolerant(EPSPS) and insect-resistant(Cry1Ab) maize DBN9936, receptor maize DBN318, conventional maize Xianyu 335, and spraying herbicide transformant DBN9936, were investigated to assess the effect of genetically modified maize on the arthropod communities. Direct observations, pit-fall trapping and longitudinal section methods were used to investigate the field arthropod species in 2015 and 2017. A cluster analysis and species accumulation curves, as well as the Margalef richness index, Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index,Pielou evenness index, dominant concentration index, community similarity index, were calculated and compared. The recorded arthropod species belonged to 20 orders and 80 families. The number of Lepidopteron insects in the fields of herbicide-free transformant DBN9936(2015: 10.3 ± 2.6, 2017: 3.3 ±1.7) and transformant DBN9936 spraying herbicides(2015: 6.0 ± 1.5, 2017: 17.0 ± 0.6) were significantly lower than the corresponding parameters of receptor DBN318(2015: 20.0 ± 3.2, 2017: 24.0 ± 6.0) and Xianyu 335(2015: 21.0 ± 8.9, 2017: 26.7 ± 2.0). The species accumulation curves show a typical parabola and there was little difference in the overall species richness. There were no significant differences in the total number of arthropods, functional group composition, richness, diversity, evenness and dominant concentration in the maize fields and there was a high similarity between the arthropods communities. The dynamic of the richness index, diversity index, evenness index, dominant concentration index and community similarity index of those arthropods in the maize fields tended to be consistent. Transformant DBN9936 has obvious resistance to Lepidopteron insects and has no significant negative effects on non-target arthropods. The results suggest that the transformant DBN9936 maize has no significant effect on community richness, diversity, evenness and dominance concentration of arthropods in the fields.
引文
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Carrière Y,Williams JL,Crowder DW,Tabashnik BE(2018)Genotype-specific fitness cost of resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac in pink bollworm.Pest Management Science,74,2496-2503.
Farinos GP,Mdela P,Hernándezcrespo P,Ortego F,Castanera P(2008)Diversity and seasonal phenology of aboveground arthropods in conventional and transgenic maize crops in central Spain.Biological Control,44,362-371.
Guo JF,He KL,Hellmich RL,Bai SX,Zhang TT,Liu YJ,Ahmed T,Wang ZY(2016)Field trials to evaluate the effects of transgenic Cry1Ie maize on the community characteristics of arthropod natural enemies.Scientific Reports,6,22102.
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Marques LH,Santos AC,Castro BA,Storer NP,Babcock JM,Lepping MD,Fernandes OA(2018)Impact of transgenic soybean expressing Cry1Ac and Cry1F proteins on the non-target arthropod community associated with soybean in Brazil.PLoS ONE,13,e0191567.
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Ren ZT,Shen WJ,Liu B,Xue K(2017)Effects of transgenic maize on biodiversity of arthropod communities in the fields.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,50,2315-2325.(in Chinese with English abstract)[任振涛,沈文静,刘标,薛堃(2017)转基因玉米对田间节肢动物群落多样性的影响.中国农业科学,50,2315-2325.]
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Bhatti MA,Duan J,Head GP,Jiang CJ,Mckee MJ,Nickson TE,Pilcher CL,Pilcher CD(2005)Field evaluation of the impact of corn rootworm(Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae)-protected Bt corn on foliage-dwelling arthropods.Environmental Entomology,34,1336-1345.
Bitzer RJ,Rice ME,Pilcher CD,Pilcher CL,Lam WF(2005)Biodiversity and community structure of epedaphic and euedaphic springtails(Collembola)in transgenic rootworm Bt corn.Environmental Entomology,34,1346-1376.
Cai BH(2015)Insect Taxonomy.Chemical Industry Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[蔡邦华(2015)昆虫分类学.化学工业出版社,北京.]
Carrière Y,Williams JL,Crowder DW,Tabashnik BE(2018)Genotype-specific fitness cost of resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac in pink bollworm.Pest Management Science,74,2496-2503.
Farinos GP,Mdela P,Hernándezcrespo P,Ortego F,Castanera P(2008)Diversity and seasonal phenology of aboveground arthropods in conventional and transgenic maize crops in central Spain.Biological Control,44,362-371.
Guo JF,He KL,Hellmich RL,Bai SX,Zhang TT,Liu YJ,Ahmed T,Wang ZY(2016)Field trials to evaluate the effects of transgenic Cry1Ie maize on the community characteristics of arthropod natural enemies.Scientific Reports,6,22102.
Guo JH,Ji GZ,Li G,Zhao JN,Yang DL,Zhang GL,Yan FM,Xiu WM(2016)The impact of non-Bt genetically modified cotton on the community diversity and food-web structure of arthropods.Cotton Science,28,81-86.(in Chinese with English abstract)[郭佳惠,冀国桢,李刚,赵建宁,杨殿林,张贵龙,闫凤鸣,修伟明(2016)3种转非抗虫基因棉花田间节肢动物群落的多样性和食物网结构.棉花学报,28,81-86.]
Guo JY,Zhou HX,Wan FH,Han ZJ(2007)Structure and seasonal dynamics of arthropods in transgenic cotton fields.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,22(6),183-189.(in Chinese with English abstract)[郭建英,周洪旭,万方浩,韩召军(2007)转基因棉田节肢动物群落结构与动态.华北农学报,22(6),183-189.]
He HP,Ren ZT,Shen WJ,Liu B,Xue K(2018)Effects of transgenic herbicide-tolerate maize on biodiversity of arthropod communities in the fields.Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,34,333-341.(in Chinese with English abstract)[何浩鹏,任振涛,沈文静,刘标,薛堃(2018)耐除草剂转基因玉米对田间节肢动物群落多样性的影响.生态与农村环境学报,34,333-341.]
Hilbeck A,Baumgartner M,Fried PM,Bigler F(1998)Effects of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis corn-fed prey on mortality and development time of immature Chrysoperla carnea(Neuroptera:Chrysopidae).Environmental Entomology,27,480-487.
International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications(ISAAA)(2017)Global biotechnology/GMcrop commercial development trend in 2016.China Biotechnology,37(4),1-8.(in Chinese)[国际农业生物技术应用服务组织(2017)2016年全球生物技术/转基因作物商业化发展态势.中国生物工程杂志,37(4),1-8.]
Kang L,Chen M(2013)GMO biosafety management,suggestions and biotech public acceptance in China.Plant Physiology Journal,49,637-644.(in Chinese with English abstract)[康乐,陈明(2013)我国转基因作物安全管理体系介绍、发展建议及生物技术舆论导向.植物生理学报,49,637-644.]
Li BP,Meng L,Wan FH(2002)The impact of insect resistant transgenic crops on natural enemies.Chinese Journal of Biological Control,18,97-105.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李保平,孟玲,万方浩(2002)转基因抗虫植物对天敌昆虫的影响.中国生物防治学报,18,97-105.]
Li F,Sun HW,Zhao W,Yang SK,Lu XB(2013)Effects of herbicide-tolerant transgenic soybean on biodiversity of arthropod community in field.Shandong Agricultural Sciences,45(7),83-86.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李凡,孙红炜,赵维,杨淑珂,路兴波(2013)抗除草剂转基因大豆对田间节肢动物群落多样性的影响.山东农业科学,45(7),83-86.]
Li LL,Wang ZY,He KL,Peng YF,Hua L(2004)Impact of the insect-resistant transgenic crops on non-target insects.Acta Ecologica Sinica,24,1793-1802.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李丽莉,王振营,何康来,彭于发,花蕾(2004)转基因抗虫作物对非靶标昆虫的影响.生态学报,24,1793-1802.]
Li Q(2011)Species accumulation curves and its application.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,48,1882-1888.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李巧(2011)物种累积曲线及其应用.应用昆虫学报,48,1882-1888.]
Li YH,Zhang XJ,Chen XP,Romeis J,Yin XM,Peng YF(2015)Consumption of Bt rice pollen containing Cry1C or Cry2A does not pose a risk to Propylea japonica(Thunberg)(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae).Scientific Reports,5,7679.
Liu QS,Li YH,Chen XP,Peng YF(2014)Research progress in chemical communication among insect-resistant genetically modified plants,insect pests and natural enemies.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,25,2431-2439.(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘清松,李云河,陈秀萍,彭于发(2014)转基因抗虫植物-植食性昆虫-天敌间化学通讯的研究进展.应用生态学报,25,2431-2439.]
Lu YH,Wu KM,Jiang YY,Xia B,Li P,Feng HQ,Kris AG,Guo YY(2010)Mirid bug outbreaks in multiple crops correlated with wide-scale adoption of Bt cotton in China.Science,328,1151-1154.
Magurran AE(2013)Measuring Biological Diversity.Blackwell Publishing,Oxford.
Marques LH,Santos AC,Castro BA,Storer NP,Babcock JM,Lepping MD,Fernandes OA(2018)Impact of transgenic soybean expressing Cry1Ac and Cry1F proteins on the non-target arthropod community associated with soybean in Brazil.PLoS ONE,13,e0191567.
Marvier M,Mccreedy C,Regetz J,Kareiva P(2007)Ameta-analysis of effects of Bt cotton and maize on nontarget invertebrates.Science,316,1475-1477.
Naranjo SE,Head G,Dively GP(2005)Field studies assessing arthropod nontarget effects in Bt transgenic crops:Introduction.Environmental Entomology,34,1178-1180.
Ren ZT,Shen WJ,Liu B,Xue K(2017)Effects of transgenic maize on biodiversity of arthropod communities in the fields.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,50,2315-2325.(in Chinese with English abstract)[任振涛,沈文静,刘标,薛堃(2017)转基因玉米对田间节肢动物群落多样性的影响.中国农业科学,50,2315-2325.]
Shen P,Zhang QY,Lin YH,Li WL,Li A,Song GW(2016)Thinking to promote the industrialization of genetically modified corn of our country.China Biotechnology,36(4),24-29.(in Chinese with English abstract)[沈平,章秋艳,林友华,李文龙,李昂,宋贵文(2016)推进我国转基因玉米产业化的思考.中国生物工程杂志,36(4),24-29.]
Shetty MJ,Chandan K,Krishna HC,Aparna GS(2018)Genetically modified crops:An overview.Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry,7,2405-2410.
SkokováHO,SvobodováZ,Spitzer L,Dole?al P,Hussein HM,Sehnal F(2015)Communities of ground-dwelling arthropods in conventional and transgenic maize:Background data for the post-market environmental monitoring.Journal of Applied Entomology,139,31-45.
Storer NP,Babcock JM,Schlenz M,Meade T,Huckaba RM(2010)Discovery and characterization of field resistance to Bt maize:Spodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)in Puerto Rico.Journal of Economic Entomology,103,1031-1038.
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