粤北阔叶人工林和次生林植物多样性与土壤理化性质相关性研究
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摘要
为提升人工林林分质量,发挥人工林生态效益,以亚热带优良乡土树种壳斗科红锥(Castanopsis hystrix)、乐昌含笑(Michelia chapensis)、深山含笑(Michelia maudiae)人工林和天然次生林为研究对象,分析不同林分林下物种数量、物种多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener指数,Simpson优势度指数,Pielou均匀度指数,Margalef丰富度指数)和土壤理化性质等指标及其差异,明确土壤中制约人工林林下植被多样性的理化性质指标。结果表明,(1)灌木层中,红锥与含笑人工林林下植被Shannon-Wiener指数(1.61±0.51,1.23±0.30)低于天然次生林(1.95±0.40),且二者林下物种成分与天然次生林有显著差异,人工林植物优势种以(Maesa japonica)、石楠藤(Piper puberulum)为主,天然林优势种以广东润楠(Machilus kwangtungensis)、黧蒴锥(Castanopsis fissa)等乔木幼苗为主。草本层红锥与含笑人工林的Shannon-Wiener指数(2.55±0.50,2.53±0.31)高于天然次生林(2.34±0.38)。(2)0-20 cm土层内,有机质、全氮、全磷含量均表现为红锥人工林[(34.74±13.29)g·kg~(-1),(1.56±0.49)g·kg~(-1),(0.43±0.13)g·kg~(-1)]>含笑人工林[(28.20±9.97)g·kg~(-1),(1.27±0.34)g·kg~(-1),(0.30±0.10)g·kg~(-1)]>天然次生林[(22.78±8.52)g·kg~(-1),(1.07±0.33)g·kg~(-1),(0.25±0.04)g·kg~(-1)];20-40 cm土层内,人工林与天然林土壤有机质、全氮、全磷仍表现为红锥人工林[(24.22±7.51)g·kg~(-1),(1.23±0.32)g·kg~(-1),(0.42±0.11)g·kg~(-1)]>含笑人工林[(21.80±8.34)g·kg~(-1),(1.04±0.28)g·kg~(-1),(0.29±0.11)g·kg~(-1)]>天然次生林[(16.15±6.42)g·kg~(-1),(0.83±0.23)g·kg~(-1),(0.24±0.04)g·kg~(-1)]。除硝态氮外,其余土壤理化性质均因林分类型不同而呈现显著差异(P<0.05)。(3)有机质、氮、磷三者是影响林下植被多样性的关键因子。土壤有机质含量与林下植被多样性的相关性最强(P<0.05),氮、磷含量与草本层的相关性显著(P<0.05),草本层与灌木层相比,更易受到土壤理化性质的影响。
In order to improve forest quality and to explore ecological benefits of the artificial plantations, this paper selected three artificial plantations dominated by native tree species(i.e., Castanopsis hystrix, Michelia chapensis, and Michelia maudiae) and natural secondary forests as the research objects in the subtropical area. The paper also compared the species number of understory,four species diversity indexes(Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, Pielou index, and Margalef index), and soil physical-chemical properties among these four forest stands, and identified the physical-chemical properties of soils that potentially restricted the diversity of undergrowth vegetation. The results showed that:(1) After a 16-year recover since basic tending measures taken in the early stage of plantation, in the shrub layer, the Shannon-Wiener index of artificial plantations(1.61±0.51, 1.23±0.30) was still significantly lower compared with natural secondary forest(1.95±0.40). The species composition of the artificial plantations was significantly different from that of natural secondary forest. The dominant species of artificial plantations were Maesa japonica and Piper puberulum, but in natural secondary forests were Machilus kwangtungensis and Castanopsis fissa. In herb layer, the Shannon-Wiener index of artificial plantations(2.55±0.50, 2.53±0.31) were higher compared with natural secondary forest(2.34±0.38).(2) In 0-20 cm soil depth, the content of organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus was characterized by Castanopsis hystrix plantation [(34.74±13.29) g·kg~(-1),(1.56±0.49) g·kg~(-1), and(0.43±0.13) g·kg~(-1)]>Michelia plantation [(28.20±9.97)g·kg~(-1),(1.27±0.34) g·kg~(-1), and(0.30±0.10) g·kg~(-1)]>natural secondary forest [(22.78±8.52) g·kg~(-1),(1.07±0.33) g·kg~(-1), and(0.25±0.04) g·kg~(-1)]. In 20-40 cm soil depth, the soil organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in plantation and natural forest still showed Castanopsis hystrix plantation [(24.22±7.51) g·kg~(-1),(1.23±0.32) g·kg~(-1), and(0.42±0.11) g·kg~(-1)]>Michelia plantation [(21.80±8.34) g·kg~(-1),(1.04±0.28) g·kg~(-1), and(0.29±0.11) g·kg~(-1)]>natural secondary forest [(16.15±6.42) g·kg~(-1),(0.83±0.23) g·kg~(-1), and(0.24±0.04) g·kg~(-1)]. Soil physical-chemical properties of three artificial plantations were significantly different except for the nitrate nitrogen(P<0.05).(3) Soil organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus were key factors influencing the diversity of understory vegetation. Soil organic matter content was strongly correlated with and understory species diversity(P<0.05). The herb layer had the significant correlation with nitrogen and phosphorus contents(P<0.05), and was more susceptible to changes of soil physical-chemical properties than shrub layer.
In order to improve forest quality and to explore ecological benefits of the artificial plantations, this paper selected three artificial plantations dominated by native tree species(i.e., Castanopsis hystrix, Michelia chapensis, and Michelia maudiae) and natural secondary forests as the research objects in the subtropical area. The paper also compared the species number of understory,four species diversity indexes(Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, Pielou index, and Margalef index), and soil physical-chemical properties among these four forest stands, and identified the physical-chemical properties of soils that potentially restricted the diversity of undergrowth vegetation. The results showed that:(1) After a 16-year recover since basic tending measures taken in the early stage of plantation, in the shrub layer, the Shannon-Wiener index of artificial plantations(1.61±0.51, 1.23±0.30) was still significantly lower compared with natural secondary forest(1.95±0.40). The species composition of the artificial plantations was significantly different from that of natural secondary forest. The dominant species of artificial plantations were Maesa japonica and Piper puberulum, but in natural secondary forests were Machilus kwangtungensis and Castanopsis fissa. In herb layer, the Shannon-Wiener index of artificial plantations(2.55±0.50, 2.53±0.31) were higher compared with natural secondary forest(2.34±0.38).(2) In 0-20 cm soil depth, the content of organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus was characterized by Castanopsis hystrix plantation [(34.74±13.29) g·kg~(-1),(1.56±0.49) g·kg~(-1), and(0.43±0.13) g·kg~(-1)]>Michelia plantation [(28.20±9.97)g·kg~(-1),(1.27±0.34) g·kg~(-1), and(0.30±0.10) g·kg~(-1)]>natural secondary forest [(22.78±8.52) g·kg~(-1),(1.07±0.33) g·kg~(-1), and(0.25±0.04) g·kg~(-1)]. In 20-40 cm soil depth, the soil organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in plantation and natural forest still showed Castanopsis hystrix plantation [(24.22±7.51) g·kg~(-1),(1.23±0.32) g·kg~(-1), and(0.42±0.11) g·kg~(-1)]>Michelia plantation [(21.80±8.34) g·kg~(-1),(1.04±0.28) g·kg~(-1), and(0.29±0.11) g·kg~(-1)]>natural secondary forest [(16.15±6.42) g·kg~(-1),(0.83±0.23) g·kg~(-1), and(0.24±0.04) g·kg~(-1)]. Soil physical-chemical properties of three artificial plantations were significantly different except for the nitrate nitrogen(P<0.05).(3) Soil organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus were key factors influencing the diversity of understory vegetation. Soil organic matter content was strongly correlated with and understory species diversity(P<0.05). The herb layer had the significant correlation with nitrogen and phosphorus contents(P<0.05), and was more susceptible to changes of soil physical-chemical properties than shrub layer.
引文
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