陕西渭北二叠纪-三叠纪之交叶肢介化石及其地层对比
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摘要
陆相二叠纪-三叠纪地层划分与对比对全面认识该时期全球性重大生物与环境突变事件具有重要意义,也是当前国际古生物学与地层学研究的重点和难点.选择陕西渭北为重点研究区域,通过对该地区石川河剖面和后周公庙剖面的叶肢介化石进行系统的分类学研究,恢复了叶肢介化石的面貌和组合特征,从而利用叶肢介化石组合来进行该地区二叠纪-三叠纪之交的生物地层划分和对比.其中,石川河剖面共产出叶肢介化石4属8种,后周公庙剖面共产出叶肢介化石2属3种.据此,该地区二叠纪-三叠纪之交的叶肢介化石由老到新可划分为3个组合,分别是晚二叠世晚期的Pseudestheria minutaPseudestheria xinjiangensis组合,二叠纪-三叠纪过渡期的Euestheria gutta-Palaeolimnadiopsis vilujensis组合和早三叠世早期的Magniestheria subcircularis-Cornia germari组合,并且通过这些叶肢介化石组合可以大致建立不同沉积区之间的生物地层对比关系.另外,两条剖面上都存在叶肢介化石与海相化石同层产出的现象,认为通过研究陕西渭北地区由于多期次海泛事件所导致的海、陆混合生物群,有望建立二叠纪-三叠纪之交该地区与海相地层的生物地层对比关系.
As global challenging key issues of paleontology and stratigraphy,the terrestrial Permian-Triassic(P-Tr)stratigraphic subdivision and correlation have great significance for a comprehensive understanding of the nature of the global biotic and environmental event.Here,we try to establish the biostratigraphic correlation framework of the terrestrial depositions,and further explore the correlation between the marine and terrestrial P-Tr depositions,based on the P-Tr transitional mixed marine-terrestrial biota in Weibei area of Shaanxi Province.The present study focuses on the taxonomy,evolutionary lineage and stratigraphy of P-Tr transitional conchostracans(clam shrimps,spinicaudatans)in the terrestrial and terrestrial-marine siliciclastic facies,which are regarded as an intermediate link for biostratigraphic correlation between terrestrial and marine se-quences.A total of eight species in four genus and three species in two genus conchostracans were identified in the Shichuanhe Section and Houzhougong miao Section,respectively.Accordingly,in the study it proposes that the conchostracans fauna may be subdivided into three assemblages including the latest Permian Pseudestheria minuta-Pseudestheria xinjiangensis assemblage,the P-Tr transitional Euestheria gutta-Palaeolimnadiopsis vilujensis assemblage and the earliest Triassic Magniestheria subcircularis-Cornia germari assemblage.Especially,the Euestheria gutta-Palaeolimnadiopsis vilujensis assemblage is proposed as marker of the P-Tr transitional beds of the terrestrial strata among various regions.
As global challenging key issues of paleontology and stratigraphy,the terrestrial Permian-Triassic(P-Tr)stratigraphic subdivision and correlation have great significance for a comprehensive understanding of the nature of the global biotic and environmental event.Here,we try to establish the biostratigraphic correlation framework of the terrestrial depositions,and further explore the correlation between the marine and terrestrial P-Tr depositions,based on the P-Tr transitional mixed marine-terrestrial biota in Weibei area of Shaanxi Province.The present study focuses on the taxonomy,evolutionary lineage and stratigraphy of P-Tr transitional conchostracans(clam shrimps,spinicaudatans)in the terrestrial and terrestrial-marine siliciclastic facies,which are regarded as an intermediate link for biostratigraphic correlation between terrestrial and marine se-quences.A total of eight species in four genus and three species in two genus conchostracans were identified in the Shichuanhe Section and Houzhougong miao Section,respectively.Accordingly,in the study it proposes that the conchostracans fauna may be subdivided into three assemblages including the latest Permian Pseudestheria minuta-Pseudestheria xinjiangensis assemblage,the P-Tr transitional Euestheria gutta-Palaeolimnadiopsis vilujensis assemblage and the earliest Triassic Magniestheria subcircularis-Cornia germari assemblage.Especially,the Euestheria gutta-Palaeolimnadiopsis vilujensis assemblage is proposed as marker of the P-Tr transitional beds of the terrestrial strata among various regions.
引文
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Chen,P.J.,Dong,J.,1981.The Discovery of the Early Triassic Conchostracans in Jilin Province and Its Significance.Chinese Science Bulletin,26(18):1128-1130(in Chinese).
Chen,Z.Q.,Benton,M.J.,2012.The Timing and Pattern of Biotic Recovery Following the End-Permian Mass Extinction.Nature Geoscience,5(6):375-383.https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1475
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Liu,S.W.,He,Z.J.,2000.Marine Conchostracans from the“Sunjiagou Formation”of Qishan,Shaanxi.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,39(2):230-236(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lucas,S.G.,1998.Global Triassic Tetrapod Biostratigraphy and Biochronology.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,143(4):347-384.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-0182(98)00117-5
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Metcalfe,I.,Crowley,J.L.,Nicoll,R.S.,et al.,2015.HighPrecision U-Pb CA-TIMS Calibration of Middle Permian to Lower Triassic Sequences,Mass Extinction and Extreme Climate-Change in Eastern Australian Gondwana.Gondwana Research,28(1):61-81.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2014.09.002
Novozhilov,N.I.,1946.New Phyllopoda from the Permian and Triassic Deposits of the Nordwick-Khatanga Region.Nedra Arktiki,1:172-202(in Russian).
Pang,Q.Q.,Jin,X.C.,2004.Ostracoda in the Guodikeng Formation and Continental Permian-Triassic Boundary of Dalongkou Section,Jimsar,Xinjiang.In:Editorial Committee of Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,ed.,Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology.Geological Publishing House,Beijing,28:205-246(in Chinese).
Peng,Y.Q.,Shi,G.R.,2009.Life Crises on Land across the Permian-Triassic Boundary in South China.Global and Planetary Change,65(3/4):155-165.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.10.016
Qiu,X.C.,Tong,J.N.,Tian,L.,et al.,2016.The Biostratigraphic Correlation of the Permian-Triassic Boundary in Jinzhong Section,Weining,Guizhou,South China.Earth Science,41(10):1709-1722(in Chinese with English abstract).
Retallack,G.J.,1995.Permian-Triassic Life Crisis on Land.Science,267(5194):77-80.https://doi.org/10.1126/science.267.5194.77
Scholze,F.,Golubev,V.K.,Nied'zwiedzki,G.,et al.,2015.Early Triassic Conchostracans(Crustacea:Branchiopoda)from the Terrestrial Permian-Triassic Boundary Sections in the Moscow Syncline.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,429:22-40.https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002261
Scholze,F.,Schneider,J.W.,Werneburg,R.,2016.Conchostracans in Continental Deposits of the Zechstein-Buntsandstein Transition in Central Germany:Taxonomy and Biostratigraphic Implications for the Position of the PermianTriassic Boundary within the Zechstein Group.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,449:174-193.https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
Shen,S.Z.,Crowley,J.L.,Wang,Y.,et al.,2011.Calibrating the End-Permian Mass Extinction.Science,334(6061):1367-1372.https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1213454
Smith,R.M.H.,Ward,P.D.,2001.Pattern of Vertebrate Extinctions across an Event Bed at the Permian-Triassic Boundary in the Karoo Basin of South Africa.Geology,29(12):1147-1150.https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<1147:poveaa>2.0.co;2
Song,H.J.,Tong,J.N.,2016.Mass Extinction and Survival during the Permian-Triassic Crisis.Earth Science,41(6):901-918(in Chinese with English abstract).
Song,H.J.,Wignall,P.B.,Tong,J.N.,et al.,2012.Two Pulses of Extinction during the Permian-Triassic Crisis.Nature Geoscience,6(1):52-56.https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1649
Tong,J.N.,Huang Y.F.,Liang L.,2014.Early Triassic Biological-Environmental-Chronological Stratigraphy.Earth Science Frontiers,21(2):144-156(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tong,J.N.,Yin,H.F.,2015.Triassic Chronostratigraphy and Chinese Stages.Earth Science,40(2):189-197(in Chinese with English abstract).
Twitchett,R.J.,Looy,C.V.,Morante,R.,et al.,2001.Rapid and Synchronous Collapse of Marine and Terrestrial Ecosystems during the End-Permian Biotic Crisis.Geology,29(4):351.https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0351:rascom>2.0.co;2
Wang,S.Y.,Yin,H.F.,2001.Study on the Terrestrial Permian-Triassic Boundary in Western Guizhou and Eastern Yunnan.China University of Geosciences Press,Wuhan,88(in Chinese).
Yang,Z.Y.,Yin,H.F.,Lin,H.M.,1979.Marine Triassic Faunas from Shihchienfeng Group in the Northern Weihe River Basin,Shaanxi Province.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,18(5):465-474(in Chinese with English abstract).
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Zhang,H.,Cao,C.Q.,Liu,X.L.,et al.,2016.The Terrestrial EndPermian Mass Extinction in South China.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,448:108-124.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.07.002
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Benton,M.J.,Newell,A.J.,2014.Impacts of Global Warming on Permo-Triassic Terrestrial Ecosystems.Gondwana Research,25(4):1308-1337.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2012.12.010
Benton,M.J.,Tverdokhlebov,V.P.,Surkov,M.V.,2004.Ecosystem Remodelling among Vertebrates at the PermianTriassic Boundary in Russia.Nature,432(7013):97-100.https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02950
Burgess,S.D.,Bowring,S.,Shen,S.Z.,2014.High-Precision Timeline for Earth's Most Severe Extinction.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,111(9):3316-3321.https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1317692111
Chen,P.J.,Dong,J.,1981.The Discovery of the Early Triassic Conchostracans in Jilin Province and Its Significance.Chinese Science Bulletin,26(18):1128-1130(in Chinese).
Chen,Z.Q.,Benton,M.J.,2012.The Timing and Pattern of Biotic Recovery Following the End-Permian Mass Extinction.Nature Geoscience,5(6):375-383.https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1475
Cheng,Z.W.,Qu,L.F.,Hou,J.P.,et al.,1983.Problems of Eumorphotis-Bearing Strata of the“Shihchienfeng Formation”in Qishan,Shaanxi.Journal of Stratigraphy,7(3):161-168,245(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chu,D.L.,Yu,J.X.,Tong,J.N.,et al.,2016.Biostratigraphic Correlation and Mass Extinction during the PermianTriassic Transition in Terrestrial-Marine Siliciclastic Settings of South China.Global and Planetary Change,146:67-88.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.09.009
Chu,D.L.,Tong,J.N.,Yu,J.X.,et al.,2013.The Conchostracan Fauna from the Kayitou Formation of Western Guizhou,China.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,52(3):265-280(in Chinese with English abstract).
Erwin,D.H.,1993.The Great Paleozoic Crisis:Life and Death in the Permian.Columbia University Press,New York,327.
Feng,X.Q.,Chen,Z.Q.,Benton,M.J.,et al.,2017.A Diverse Trackway-Dominated Marine Ichnoassemblage from the Lower Triassic in the Northern Paleotethys:Ichnology and Implications for Biotic Recovery.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology(in Press).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.11.059
Jin,Y.G.,Wang,Y.,Wang,W.,et al.,2000.Pattern of Marine Mass Extinction near the Permian-Triassic Boundary in South China.Science,289(5478):432-436.https://doi.org/10.1126/science.289.5478.432
Jones,R.,1862.A Monograph of the Fossil Estheriae.Palaeontological Society,London,150.
Kozur,H.,Seidel,G.,1983.Revision der Conchostracen-Faunen des Unteren und Mittleren Buntsandsteins.Teil I.Zeitschrift für Geologische Wissenschaften,11:289-417.
Kozur,H.W.,Mock,R.,1993.The Importance of Conchostracans for the Correlation of Continental and Marine Beds.In:Lucas,S.G.,Morales,M.,eds.,The Nonmarine Triassic.New Mexico Museum Natural History&Science Bulletin,3:261-266.
Kozur,H.W.,Weems,R.E.,2010.The Biostratigraphic Importance of Conchostracans in the Continental Triassic of the Northern Hemisphere.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,334(1):315-417.https://doi.org/10.1144/sp334.13
Liu,S.W.,He,Z.J.,2000.Marine Conchostracans from the“Sunjiagou Formation”of Qishan,Shaanxi.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,39(2):230-236(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lucas,S.G.,1998.Global Triassic Tetrapod Biostratigraphy and Biochronology.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,143(4):347-384.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-0182(98)00117-5
Martin,J.W.,Davis,G.E.,2001.An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea.Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County,Science Series 39,124.
Metcalfe,I.,Crowley,J.L.,Nicoll,R.S.,et al.,2015.HighPrecision U-Pb CA-TIMS Calibration of Middle Permian to Lower Triassic Sequences,Mass Extinction and Extreme Climate-Change in Eastern Australian Gondwana.Gondwana Research,28(1):61-81.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2014.09.002
Novozhilov,N.I.,1946.New Phyllopoda from the Permian and Triassic Deposits of the Nordwick-Khatanga Region.Nedra Arktiki,1:172-202(in Russian).
Pang,Q.Q.,Jin,X.C.,2004.Ostracoda in the Guodikeng Formation and Continental Permian-Triassic Boundary of Dalongkou Section,Jimsar,Xinjiang.In:Editorial Committee of Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,ed.,Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology.Geological Publishing House,Beijing,28:205-246(in Chinese).
Peng,Y.Q.,Shi,G.R.,2009.Life Crises on Land across the Permian-Triassic Boundary in South China.Global and Planetary Change,65(3/4):155-165.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.10.016
Qiu,X.C.,Tong,J.N.,Tian,L.,et al.,2016.The Biostratigraphic Correlation of the Permian-Triassic Boundary in Jinzhong Section,Weining,Guizhou,South China.Earth Science,41(10):1709-1722(in Chinese with English abstract).
Retallack,G.J.,1995.Permian-Triassic Life Crisis on Land.Science,267(5194):77-80.https://doi.org/10.1126/science.267.5194.77
Scholze,F.,Golubev,V.K.,Nied'zwiedzki,G.,et al.,2015.Early Triassic Conchostracans(Crustacea:Branchiopoda)from the Terrestrial Permian-Triassic Boundary Sections in the Moscow Syncline.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,429:22-40.https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002261
Scholze,F.,Schneider,J.W.,Werneburg,R.,2016.Conchostracans in Continental Deposits of the Zechstein-Buntsandstein Transition in Central Germany:Taxonomy and Biostratigraphic Implications for the Position of the PermianTriassic Boundary within the Zechstein Group.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,449:174-193.https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
Shen,S.Z.,Crowley,J.L.,Wang,Y.,et al.,2011.Calibrating the End-Permian Mass Extinction.Science,334(6061):1367-1372.https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1213454
Smith,R.M.H.,Ward,P.D.,2001.Pattern of Vertebrate Extinctions across an Event Bed at the Permian-Triassic Boundary in the Karoo Basin of South Africa.Geology,29(12):1147-1150.https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<1147:poveaa>2.0.co;2
Song,H.J.,Tong,J.N.,2016.Mass Extinction and Survival during the Permian-Triassic Crisis.Earth Science,41(6):901-918(in Chinese with English abstract).
Song,H.J.,Wignall,P.B.,Tong,J.N.,et al.,2012.Two Pulses of Extinction during the Permian-Triassic Crisis.Nature Geoscience,6(1):52-56.https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1649
Tong,J.N.,Huang Y.F.,Liang L.,2014.Early Triassic Biological-Environmental-Chronological Stratigraphy.Earth Science Frontiers,21(2):144-156(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tong,J.N.,Yin,H.F.,2015.Triassic Chronostratigraphy and Chinese Stages.Earth Science,40(2):189-197(in Chinese with English abstract).
Twitchett,R.J.,Looy,C.V.,Morante,R.,et al.,2001.Rapid and Synchronous Collapse of Marine and Terrestrial Ecosystems during the End-Permian Biotic Crisis.Geology,29(4):351.https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0351:rascom>2.0.co;2
Wang,S.Y.,Yin,H.F.,2001.Study on the Terrestrial Permian-Triassic Boundary in Western Guizhou and Eastern Yunnan.China University of Geosciences Press,Wuhan,88(in Chinese).
Yang,Z.Y.,Yin,H.F.,Lin,H.M.,1979.Marine Triassic Faunas from Shihchienfeng Group in the Northern Weihe River Basin,Shaanxi Province.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,18(5):465-474(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yin,H.F.,Lin,H.M.,1979.Marine Triassic Faunas and the Geologic Time from Shihchienfeng Group in the Northern Weihe River Basin,Shaanxi Province.Acta Stratigraphica Sinica,3(4):233-241(in Chinese).
Yu,J.X.,Broutin,J.,Chen,Z.Q.,et al.,2015.Vegetation Changeover across the Permian-Triassic Boundary in Southwest China.Extinction,Survival,Recovery and Palaeoclimate:A Critical Review.Earth-Science Reviews,149:202-224.https://10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.04.005
Zhang,H.,Cao,C.Q.,Liu,X.L.,et al.,2016.The Terrestrial EndPermian Mass Extinction in South China.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,448:108-124.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.07.002
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